In the name of God

Basic neurosciences with clinical applications

Anatomy and connections of prefrontal cortex

Lateral prefrontal cortex: with lots of reciprocal areas is well suited to regulate behavior and control of response to environmental stimuli

Orbitomedial prefrontal cortex: via its reciprocal neocortical and limbic connections ,is suited to integrate information about emotion and memory related to environmental stimuli

Lateral prefrontal cortex

It is divided in to 3 parts: The dorso lateral prefrontal

cortex:areas 9 &46 Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex:44 &

45 & 47 & 12 Frontopolar cortex: including the

superior polar(areas 9 & 10) and inferior polar(10,47/12&14)

The connections of lateral prefrontal cortex

The main connections are with paralimbic areas,particular the cingulate gyrus .

This connections myelinate late during cerebral development.

dorsolateral prefrontal cortexSpatial attention

Superior longitudinal fasciculus connects caudal portion of inferior parietal lobule and parietooccipital region and dosral lateral prefrontal cortex

This connection involve in visual and oculomotor aspects of spatial attention

Ventrolateral prefrontal cortexactin imitation, gestural communication,monitoring orofacial & hand action

Inputs from anterior portion of inferior parietal lobe including supramarginal gyrus and adjacent parietal opercular region , terminate in VLTPC & frontal operculum(44) & ventral premotor area?

This Provide high order somatosensory input for action imitation,gestural communication,orofacial and hand action

Ventrolateral prefrontal cortexvisual object identification

Occipitotemporal visual association areas terminate primarily in inferior temporal cortex and adjacent parahippocampal region via inferior longitudinal fasciculus and then to VLPFC

This system transmits highly processed visual information necessary for object identification.

ventral prefrontal cortexauditory spatial info/object recognition

Posterior portion of Superior temporal gyrus projects to area 8 via arcuate fasciculus, information for

auditory spatial information Midportion of superior temporal gyrus

projects to area 45 via the extreme capsule ,provides info for

auditory object recognition

ventral prefrontal cortex of left hemisphere recieve distinct inputs for speech production

Thus,the VPFC involved in speech production receive distinct sensory inputs

Area 44: somatosensory inputs from the supramarginal gyrus

Area 45:auditory info from midsuperior temporal cortex