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1. Executive Summary
Corporate social responsibility is a link between social, environmental, and organizational
goal. All through my internship at !"ideas # came across huge amount o$ literature and
di$$erent aspects o$ CS%.
his pro&ect report describes CS%' "e$inition, importance o$ CS%, history o$ CS% in #ndia,
and how CS% can be used as an employee engagement tool.
CS% activities can be considered as the important attempt, by any organization to engage and
conduct a signi$icant dialogue with various stakeholders. CS% activities give various
competitive advantages such as greater access to capital and markets, operational cost
savings, increased sales and pro$its, enriched productivity and (uality, improved brand imageand reputation. Additionally, organizations with e$$ective CS% have most e$$icient human
resource.
#n #ndian history, social philanthropy has existed since the late 1)**s. +ecause o$ #ndian
visionaries, like %" ata -arayan urthy, many organizations today consider CS% as one o$
the key organizational $unction.
his report highlights some o$ the examples o$ success$ul organizations, who have used CS%
as an employee engagement tool.
/iterature has given three di$$erent models connecting employee engagement and CS% 0
ransactional, %elational, and "evelopmental.
/egal aspect o$ CS% is extremely important. nder new companies act, government has laid
down certain rules about eligibility, composition o$ CS% committee, CS% activities and other
compliances.
his report describes the work done at !"ideas during two months internship period.
!"ideas is a strategic 2% $irm, which helps corporate clients in 2% related $unctions.
"uring my internship, # developed a CS% model with 3arrior 3omen 4rogram 5!"idea6s
initiative7, which could be used in various organizations as an employee engagement activity.
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8. #ntroduction
8.1 "e$inition ' Corporate social responsibility
Commonly, CSR is known as the way through which a company achieves a balance o$
economic, environmental, and social obligations while at the same time $ul$illing the
expectations o$ shareholders and stakeholders.
#t is important to understand the di$$erence between CS%, which can be a strategic business
management concept, and charity, sponsorships or philanthropy.
Even though the concept o$ CS% also makes a valuable contribution to poverty reduction, it
will also directly enhance the reputation o$ a company and strengthen its brand.
here$ore, we can say that the concept o$ CS% clearly goes beyond philanthropy or doing
charity services $or the community.
CS% activities can be considered as an important attempt by any organization to engage and
conduct a signi$icant dialogue with various stakeholders.
he stakeholders are any individual or group, which might a$$ect or be a$$ected by the
organization9s activities.1
:igure 1; Company6s ma&or stakeholders
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CS%
Society
EnvironmentEconomy
< A $irm that is committed to employee development and empowerment is, in $act
already practicing some components o$ CS%.
< A $irm that openly shares in$ormation with employees about a move toward
downsizing, and then helps displaced employees $ind new &obs, is actively practicing
CS%.
< oreover, a $irm that is committed to the production o$ sa$e, reliable, and innovative
products or services in line with customer needs is strategically involved in CS%.
here$ore, corporate social responsibility 5CS%7 is a management perception by which
corporate companies can integrate social and environmental responsibilities along with
their business objectives.
:igure 8; CS% concept
8.8 #mportance o$ CS%
A properly implemented CS% concept can bring along a variety o$ competitive advantages;
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< =reater access to capital and markets
Corporate Social responsibility can play a signi$icant role to get better market position
through potential customers. A responsible organization ensures better customer
satis$action by minimizing cost o$ production, which allow customer to get better
product $or cheaper price. A study in 1>>? at 3right State niversity in "ayton, @hio,
$ound that managers believe corporate social actions have an e$$ect on perceived
market share. Corporate social responsibility ensures better market position through
global market access.
< @perational cost savings
Eco'$riendly business process may cost more in the short run business, but it is
extremely important $or long'run business. Eco'$riendly processes also inspire
employees to work e$$iciently and reduce the total cost in a long run.
ex Cycle Sdn +hd reduces their total cost through eco'$riendly business process.
hey are currently using solar system to $ul$ill their electricity re(uirement and reduce
their water bill through recycling. @ther study also shows bene$its o$ CS% include
cost saving and risk reduction.
< E$$icient human resources
@ne o$ most important advantage o$ CS% practice is potential recruitment. 3hen a
corporation improves its workplace management, show respects towards all level o$
employees, and responsibility towards the society than the next thing comes
automatically e.g., better company culture. +etter company culture led the
organizations toward increasing attractiveness to potential recruits. #$ organization
recruits potential candidates, it will generate more revenue $or them because they will
have the most e$$icient work$orce available.
< #ncreased sales and pro$its
CS% helps to improve the $inancial per$ormance through cost reduction, e$$icient
employees, and more sales. %esearch shows that organizations with CS% have better
reputation, which led to the better $inancial per$ormance than the irresponsible
organization. #n 1>> at :lorida #nternational niversity, a study that tried to link
social per$ormance with $inancial per$ormance $ound a signi$icant positive relation
between CS% and growth in sales return on assets and so on. hus, the concept o$
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CS% is becoming more popular todayB more than )* o$ the :ortune D** companies
address CS% issues in their webpage.
< Enriched productivity and (uality
3hen employees and management $eel they are working $or a company that has a true
conscience, all company employees will likely to be more enthusiastic and engaged in
their &obs. his can build a sense o$ community and teamwork, which brings everyone
together and leads to happier, more productive employees.
< #mproved brand image and reputation
4racticing Corporate Social %esponsibility 5CS%7 brings many bene$its to an
organization including improvement o$ image, reputation, good'will, employee
motivation, and positive approach $rom stakeholders. CS% may work as a global
brand insurance. Additionally, CS% can be seen as a part o$ a continuing process o$
building long'term value system within the organization. Everything done by the
organization should help to improve its reputation, encourage customers and other
stakeholders to stay as a part o$ this organization.
< +etter customer loyalty
CS% improves business trust and understanding within its customers because
responsible businesses are always care$ul about their sales service, which is the best
tool to achieve customer satis$action. he customer service is a series o$ activities
designed to enhance the level o$ customer satis$action that is, the $eeling that a
product or service has met the customer expectation. Customer service may be
provided by a person 5e.g., sales and service representative7, or by automated means
called sel$'service. +etter customer service has lead organizations to access the =lobal
market through improving trust and understanding within stakeholders.
< %isk management processes
he research $inding proves that the investors are increasingly $ocusing Corporate
Social %esponsibility 5CS%7 as similar to long'term risk management and ethical
governance practices. he study also indicates that corporate reputation is as
important as $inancial per$ormance. At the same time, corporate social responsibility
brings new business network, which assist organization to mitigate $inancial as well
as non'$inancial risk.
CS% is important because businesses are based on trust and foresight. o be success$ul in
the long'term, companies need to think about $uture challenges. #t is not only about
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considering changes towards technology or the needs o$ customers, but also taking into
account alterations in social, environmental and governance issues.8
4yramid o$ responsibility
:igure ?; 4yramid o$ responsibilities
he idea behind corporate social responsibility is that companies have multiple
responsibilities to maintain. hese responsibilities can be arranged in a pyramid, with basic
responsibilities closer to the bottom. As a business meets lower'level responsibilities that
obligate it to shareholders and the law, it can move towards achieving higher'level
responsibilities that bene$it society.
Economic %esponsibilities
An organization6s $irst responsibility is its economic responsibility '' a company needs to be
primarily concerned with maximizing pro$it. his is $or the simple $act that i$ a company
does not make pro$its, it will not survive in the competition, employees will lose &obs and the
company will not be able to consider about taking care o$ its social responsibilities. +e$ore a
company thinks about being a good corporate citizen, it $irst needs to be pro$itable.
/egal %esponsibilities
6
4hilanthro ic
Ethical
/e al
Economical
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An organization9s legal responsibilities are the re(uirements, which are laid down by the law.
@nce the $inancial position o$ the company is pro$itable, ensuring that it obeys all laws is the
most important responsibility, according to the theory o$ corporate social responsibility. /egal
responsibilities can range $rom securities regulations to labor law, environmental law, and
even criminal law.
Ethical %esponsibilities
Economic and legal responsibilities are the two big duties o$ an organization. A$ter a
company has met these basic re(uirements, it can concern itsel$ with ethical responsibilities.
Ethical responsibilities are responsibilities that an organization puts on itsel$ because its
owners believe it is the right thing to do '' not because they have an obligation to do so.
Ethical responsibilities could include being environmentally $riendly, paying $air wages or
re$using to do business by un$air means.
4hilanthropic %esponsibilities
#$ an organization is able to meet all o$ its other responsibilities, it can begin meeting
philanthropic responsibilities. 4hilanthropic responsibilities are responsibilities that go above
and beyond what is simply re(uired or what the company believes is right.?
Organization accomplishing all these responsibilities; has successfully established their
CSR policy.
8.? CS% 2istory in #ndia
#n #ndia, CS% is known $rom ancient time as social duty or charity, which is changing its
nature in broader aspect, now generally known as CS%. Social and environmental issues have
deep roots in the history o$ business. #ndia has had a long tradition o$ corporate philanthropy
and industrial wel$are came in to existence since late 1)**s. 2istorically, the philanthropy o$
business people in #ndia has rooted in religious belie$.
+usiness practices in the 1>**s that could be termed as socially responsible activities;
philanthropic donations to charity, service to the community, enhancing employee wel$are
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and promoting religious conduct. Corporations may give $unds to charitable or educational
institutions and may claim $or them as great humanitarian actions, when in $act they are
simply trying to buy community good will. he ideology o$ CS% in the 1>D*s was primarily
based on an assumption o$ the responsibility o$ business towards society.
#n the initial years, there was little documentation o$ social responsibility initiatives in #ndia.
Since then there is a growing realization towards contribution to social activities globally
with a desire to improve the immediate environment. #t has also been $ound that companies
that pay genuine attention to the principles o$ socially responsible behavior are $avored by the
public and pre$erred $or their goods and services. This has given rise to the concept of CSR.
A$ter #ndependence, JRD Tata who always laid a great deal o$ emphasis to go beyond
conducting themselves as honest citizens pointed out that there were many ways in which
industrial and business enterprises can contribute to public wel$are beyond the scope o$ their
normal activities. 2e advised that apart $rom the obvious one o$ donating $unds to good
causes, which has been their normal practice $or yearsB they could have used their own
$inancial, managerial, and human resources to provide task $orces $or undertaking direct relie$
and reconstruction measures.
Slowly, it began to be accepted, at least in theory that business had to share a part o$ the
social overhead costs. raditionally, it had discharged its responsibility to society through
sponsorships $or education, medical $acilities, and scienti$ic research among other ob&ects.
he important change at that time was that industry accepted social responsibility as part o$
the management o$ the enterprise itsel$. he community development and social wel$are
program o$ the premier ata Company, ata #ron and Steel Company was started the concepts
o$ Social %esponsibility.F
he term corporate social per$ormance was $irst coined by Sethi 51>GD7, expanded by Carroll
51>G>7, and then re$ined by 3artick and Cochran 51>)D7. #n Sethi6s 1>GD three'level model,
the concept o$ corporate social per$ormance was discussed, and distinctions made between
various corporate behaviors. Sethi6s three tiers were Hsocial obligation 5a response to legal
and market constraints7B social responsibility 5congruent with societal norms7B and social
responsiveness 5adaptive, anticipatory and preventive7.
he last decade o$ the twentieth century witnessed a swing away $rom charity and traditional
philanthropy towards more direct engagement o$ business in mainstream development and
concern $or disadvantaged groups in the society.
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his has been driven both internally by corporate will and externally by increased
governmental and public expectations.
his was evident $rom a sample survey conducted in 1>) reporting that o$ the amount
companies spent on social development, the largest sum G percent was spent through
company programs, ?> percent was given to outside organizations as aid, and 1 percent was
spent through company trusts. #n #ndia as in the rest o$ the world, there is a growing
realization that business cannot succeed in a society which $ails. An ideal CS% has both
ethical and philosophical dimensions, particularly in #ndia where there exists a wide gap
between sections o$ people in terms o$ income and standards as well as socio'economic
status.
According to #n$osys $ounder, -arayan urthy, Hsocial responsibility is to create maximum
shareholders value working under the circumstances, where it is $air to all its stakeholders,
workers, consumers, the community, government and the environment6. Commission o$ the
European Communities 8**1 stated that being socially responsible means not only $ul$illing
legal expectations, but also going beyond compliance and investing Hmore6 into human
capital, the environment and the relation with stakeholders. @ver the time $our di$$erent
models have emerged all o$ which can be $ound in #ndia regarding corporate responsibility.
8. CS% and Employee Engagement
Several studies have shown that linkage between CS% and employee engagement has a
strong correlation between employee6s commitments to their organization. :or example, a
survey by Sirota Survey #ntelligence, o$ 1.I million employees in seventy companies, $ound
that employees who approved o$ their company6s commitments to social responsibility
compared to those who did not approve, were $ar more engaged in their &obs and believed
that employers were interested in their well'being. hey also had more $avorable perceptions
o$ their management6s integrity and rated their companies as more competitive.
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sing CSR to !ngage !mployees
A 8**G owers 4errin survey o$ >*,*** employees in 1) countries $ound that only 81 percent
reported being $ully engaged on the &ob. he rest were either simply enrolled 517,
disenchanted 5?*7, or disconnected 5)7.#n turn, the =allup Employee Engagement #ndex
reported that, on average as o$ 8*1*, ?? percent o$ employees were engaged by their
companies, > percent were not engaged, and 1) percent were actively disengaged.
:igure ; CS%'Employee engagement
Can CSR help to reduce this gap"
@rganizations link CS% to employee engagement in three ways.
:irst, many strive to be a responsible employer. #n =olin 2arris surveys $or example, the
values and treatment given to the employees has been the number one $actor in ratings o$ a
company6s social responsibility, less importance is been given to its philanthropy, community
involvement, environmental per$ormance, and other CS% $actors. @ne report phrased the
message brie$ly;
CSR minus #R $ %R.
Second, companies create a port$olio o$ programs and develop a reputation to demonstrate
their commitment to CS%. 2ere the %eputation #nstitute $inds that, on average, GD to )*
percent o$ those polled in over twenty'$ive countries would pre$er to work $or a company that
is known $or its social responsibility.
hird, companies engage employees directly in voluntary and on'the'&ob CS%'related
activities. he polling $irm =lobe Scan reports that nine out o$ ten employees worldwide are
interested in participating in the CS% initiatives o$ their companies. #ncreasing numbers o$
organizations are using CS% to enable employees to actually do something moreF on their
&obs and, in selected cases, to produce value $or both the business and society.
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#n a survey given below, by the nonpro$it -et #mpact, D? percent o$ workers said that a &ob
where # can make an impactF was important to their happiness, and G8 percent o$ students
about to enter the work$orce agreed. ost would even take a pay cut to achieve that goal.
:igure D; %esearch "ata
his phenomenon, which is particularly observed in younger generations, was a key $inding
in the book he 8*8* 3orkplace, where the $ocus on people, planet, and pro$its known as the
new &triple bottom line' is increasingly becoming the main way organizations to attract and
retain new hires.
%esearch conducted by Cone illennial Cause group, detailed in he 8*8* 3orkplace $ound
that )* o$ a sample o$ 1,)** 1?'8D year olds wanted to work $or a company that cares about
how it impacts and contributes to society. ore than hal$ said they would re$use to work $or
an irresponsible corporation. According to research conducted in he 8*8* 3orkplace, by the
year 8*8*, illennials will be D* o$ the work$orce.D
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/uckily, today the social media boom has brought about more and more ways $or companies
to communicate their CS% e$$orts. any companies are aware o$ the competitive advantage
CS% provides.
8.D CS% ' A ool $or Employee Engagement
-ot only is CS% crucial to recruiting talented employees, it is also a great way to maintain the
engagement o$ your existing work $orce.
That has certainly proven true for AMD A!vance! Micro Devices"#s $%reen
tea&s' ( %roups of eco)&in!e! e&ployees *ho *or+ to%ether on thin%s
li+e re!ucin% *aste in the cafeteria, savin% ener%y, savin% *ater- $.e
as+e! our %reen tea& &e&/ers,' Ti& Mohin sai!, $!oes /ein% a/le to
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contri/ute to a cause *hile you#re at *or+ i&prove your co&&it&ent an!
level of en%a%e&ent to your core o/ function an! to the co&pany 96
a%ree!-'
2owever, employee engagement 0 in the $orm o$ $eedback 0 can also help companies
improve their CS% practices. A" seeks $or input $rom their employees regarding what they
can do to enhance their CS% e$$orts. +y increasing accessibility to corporate sustainability,
A"6s aim is to crowd'sourceF the ideas that will take us to the next level o$ per$ormance,F
ohin said in a recent blog post.
A$ter all, who has a better perspective on the company6s progress on their CS% agenda than
the employees themselvesJ
87 /everage CS% as a tool to develop global talent
Engaged employees are happier and more productive, but CS% has bene$its even beyond the
trickle'down productivity o$ high employee engagement. %esearch suggests that involvement
in the company6s corporate responsibility practices teaches workers valuable new skills that
they bring back to their regular roles $or the company.
#+ $ound this to be true with the launch and growth o$ its Corporate Service Corps
program, which is explained in detail in he 8*8* 3orkplace. Essentially this program
operates like a corporate version o$ the 4eace Corps where #+ers bring their core
competencies and skills in such areas as pro&ect management, strategic planning, marketing
or engineering to an entrepreneurial company based in one o$ the countries designated by#+ as emerging market $or growth such as, +razil, China, =hana, #ndia, alaysia,
%omania, South A$rica, to name a $ew. hese #+ers build their global mindset by working
and living in one o$ these developing countries. 3hat is important here is that #+ launched
Corporate Service Corps as an integral part o$ a larger e$$ort to $acilitate the development o$
#+ employees into global leaders and global citizens. 3hat better way to build global
leaders than by having them be part o$ a global team to build a new business in an emerging
market. C"C "evelopment Solutions estimates 8G o$ :ortune D** companies have
programs such as this one at #+.
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?7 aximize your investment in CS% by leveraging all $orms o$ social media;
CS% has moved $rom a type o$ corporate philanthropy to a strategic investment $or the
organization. Additionally, this investment and its bene$its need to be communicated to all the
key stakeholders.
hese stakeholders include not only investors, current employees and consumers, but also
prospective new hires to your company.
=iven the growing value placed on a company6s CS% practices by illennials and the
impending explosion o$ illennial in the workplace, CS% must become part o$ company6s
recruitment strategy to attract top talent.
#n a 8*11 report by :orbes #nsights, I* percent o$ companies surveyed either strongly agreed
or agreed with the statement, 4hilanthropy and volunteerism are critical $or recruiting
younger (uali$ied employees 5i.e., illennialsK=en !7.F
Since illenials are the most socially conscious consumers to date, according to the 8**I
Cone study on the illennial =eneration 0 companies would be remiss to not emphasize their
achievements when recruiting $or the $uture workplace. hese strategies will only become
more important as we approach the 8*8* workplace.D
8.I odels o$ Employee Engagement
any organizations are taking di$$erent approaches to engage their employees through CS%.
/iterature suggests that there could be three di$$erent ways that companies design and
manage their e$$orts;
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:igure I; hree models o$ Employee engagement through CS%
#n each o$ these three models, $irms can aim to do wellF $or society and to do wellF in
terms o$ employee commitment, reputational bene$its, and long'term $inancial returns.
A ransactional, %elational, and "evelopmental Approaches limitations in delivering on these
aimsB consider, $irst, how companies in each model conceive o$ the connection between CS%
and employee engagement.
he Company 4erspective
#t is certain that companies are $acing more demands $rom the public and other stakeholders
to be socially responsible. #n turn, surveys show that CE@s understand the importance o$
these expectations and recognize a need $or their business to play a more responsible role in
society.
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Transactional (odel $ #R (anagement
An article by C. +. +hattacharya and colleagues on sing Corporate Social %esponsibility
to 3in the 3ar $or alentF sets out the main parameters o$ the transactional model $or
engaging employees via CS%;
3e consider internal marketingF to be the most apt rubric under which CS% can be used to
ac(uire and retain employees. Such a perspective holds that &ust as companies succeed by
$ul$illing the needs o$ their customers, they can manage employees best by viewing them as
internal customers, $ul$illing their needs through $eatures include salary, bene$its packages
and &ob responsibilities. 4lanned properly, it can contribute dramatically to &ob satis$action,
employee retention, and productivity.
A key task $or managers, then, is to incorporate CS% into &ob products that are tailored to the
o$ten diverse needs o$ employees.
his seems to work; results $rom their longitudinal study o$ a consumer'goods company
$ound that employee engagement in CS% led to pride in the company, which in turn was
positively related to employee per$ormance and negatively to intention to (uit . . . 5and7
positively related to customer $ocus and pro'company citizenship behaviors. . . .F he
researchers went on to remark that CS% humanizes the company in ways that other $acets o$
the &ob cannot,F adding, A paycheck may keep a person on the &ob physically, but it alone
will not keep a person on the &ob emotionally.F
he advantage o$ this internal marketing approach to employee engagement is that it enables
a company to tailor and pitch its CS% initiatives to the most receptive employee segments.
his, in return, yields a good $itF between an employee6s interest and his or her &ob
satis$action, higher levels o$ commitment, and less inclination to turnover.
Relational (odel $ ) Socially Responsible Culture
o the extent that the transactional model targets CS% at meFLthe individual employeeB the
relational models shi$ts the $ocus to weFLthe collective employee community.
#n its simplest $orm, this is mani$est by engaging employees in all sta$$F volunteer days, in
company'wide recycling programs, or in on'boarding processes at companies like
sales$orce.com where new hires are thrust into community services activities as part o$ their
orientation program. At deeper levels, it has a company articulate, and employees embrace, a
shared vision, mission, and values that stress CS%.
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he /SMCo. 3ay /evi Strauss M Co. has demonstrated a values'led business since its
$ounder $irst set up his dry goods $irm in San :rancisco in 1)D?. A business downturn in the
late 1>>*s, however, called its commitments to pro$its through principlesF into (uestion.
2aving noted that the company6s brands used value propositions to de$ine their (ualities and
character $or consumers, heresa :ay'+ustillos, then vice president o$ worldwide community
a$$airs, worked with the company6s worldwide leadership team to develop a value proposition
$or corporate citizenship 5their term o$ re$erence $or CS%7. She convened a cross'$unctional,
multilevel working group around corporate citizenship, which included some top execs, to
take account o$ the company6s 1D*'year legacy o$ corporate citizenshipB to listen to
employees, executives, and stakeholdersB and to identi$y current and potential $uture societal
issues $acing the apparel and textile industry and its work$orce.
@ut o$ their work, a corporate citizenship value proposition 5CN47 emerged.
Oey elements addressed were business practices that re$lect the diversity o$ the world we
serveB supply chain practices that respect the workers who make our productsB environmental
initiatives that support sustainabilityB societal engagement that contributes to positive social
changeB and 2#NKA#"S initiatives that protect employees, workers, and consumers.
nder each o$ these elements, the company included detailed outcomes that, over time, it
aspires to achieve. he worldwide leadership team pledged to educate employees on the new
value proposition, incorporate it into the strategic business planning process, and hold
themselves accountable $or making progress going $orward.
Developmental (odel $ Socio*Commercial +nnovation
he developmental model enlarges the scope o$ engagement through CS% $urtherL$rom me
to we to all o$ usFLengaging a company, its employees, and o$ten stakeholders in the
corporate ecosystem. nilever6s sustainable living plan, -estlP6s moves toward shared value
in its supply chain and product o$$erings, and 3al'art6s Sustainability ?I* strategyL"oing
=ood, +etter, ogether 5which has launched eco'innovations $rom $ourteen sustainability
networks o$ employees and engaged store managers and consumer groups on ethical
consumerism, $air trade, and cause marketing7Lall exempli$y a trans$ormative $orm o$
engagement hinging on employee development. his moves the CS% thrust o$ a company
$irmly into the commercial space and gets employees interacting with stakeholders to
enhance its impact on the business and society.
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eanwhile, grassroots employee green teamsF at /ockheed artin have improved energy
e$$iciency at company sitesB at Citigroup, they6ve reduced paper wasteB and at Oimberly
Clark, they6ve partnered with local hardware stores to increase employee6s use o$ compact
$luorescent bulbs in their homes. 3al'art has motivated I**,*** o$ its employees to
develop 4ersonal Sustainability 4ro&ects 54S4s7 that includes eating healthier $oods,
exercising more, and recycling. #n some cases, employee6s $amily members develop their
own 4S4s. :i$teen thousand associates have stopped smoking and 3al'art has implemented
many eco'$riendly innovations prototyped by employees in their homes to cut waste in its
stores.I
he Employee 4erspective
he great ma&ority o$ employees report that they want to be engaged in the CS% activities o$
their employers. Studies have $ound social responsibility to be a signi$icant motivational
driver to employees in the .S., but it is even more important in #ndia, South A$rica, and
China.
Transactional (odel $ Satisfying ,eeds
any o$ today6s employee engagement e$$orts are premised on the notion 5aslow6s theory7
that people operate through a hierarchy o$ needs that motivate themLstretching $rom basic
needs $or survival and security, to social needs, to higher orderF needs that when satis$ied
yield sel$'esteem and sel$'actualization.
#n the 1>G*s and 1>)*s, when baby'boomers entered the work$orce, 2% responded with &ob
enrichment and employee involvement programs. hese prescriptions seemed to $it the needs
o$ better'educated and comparatively well'o$$ new breedF workers, as they were called, $or
more interesting work and a voice in &ob'related decisions. hese proved to be strong
contributors to psychological and behavioral engagement. 2% is today positioning CS% in the
same $ashion; it $its the ego needs o$ many o$ today6s well'educated, more socially conscious
millennials.
3hen it comes to employee motivation, however, it is arguable whether or not a generic
satis$action Q engagement $rame is use$ul $or thinking about how CS% in$luences employees.
%ather, the (uestion turns to how CS% can enlist, activate, and empower employees on the
&ob.
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Adam =rant, $or example, makes a strong case $or relational &ob designF because it enables
people to express their pro'social motives through work that makes a positive di$$erenceF in
other people6s li$e. Several $ield studies connect this speci$ically to CS% by documenting how
engaging employees in community service gave them an opportunity to support others,
which, in turn, strengthened their organizational commitment. #n a $elicitous turn o$ the
phrase, =rant, "utton, and %usso make the point that linking CS% to engagement is about
employees givingF rather than receiving.F
Relational (odel $ !-pressing +dentity
o say people need something $rom their work emphasizes their individualistic and atomistic
nature. A relational perspective, by comparison, stresses their social and connected sel$.F
#n this $rame, the sel$ is a wholeF that includes and integrates people6s identities in various
rolesL as, say, employee, co'worker, parent, community member etc.
he relevance o$ this idea $or employee engagement took shape decades ago when it was
speculated that people think o$ themselves and represent identity in the workplace in the $orm
o$ gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, and in their li$e roles. hese $orms o$
identity have been the sub&ect o$ debate, consciousness rising, and policymaking throughout
societies and within companies as well. #n top $irms today, $or example, employee diversity is
valued not only as an 2% driver, but as a source o$ $resh ideas, as a means o$ re$lecting and
better serving the multicultural marketplace, and as a source o$ learning and e$$ectiveness 5as
"avid homas and %obin Ely point out in their analysis o$ the changing contours o$ diversity
management in organizations7. A next'stage in identity engagement has companies linking
2% and CS% to engage their employee as citizens.F
his naturally means recognizing and respecting employees in their many dimensions o$ sel$'
identityLrace, gender, age, and so onLand in their multiple work roles to be sure, but also
as working parents and members o$ a community. #t also means recognizing and validating
them in relation to their roles as citizens o$ a society and inhabitants o$ the planet.
Expressing #dentity at 3ork he electronics retailer +est +uy exempli$ies the relational
aspects o$ employee engagement. #ndividual employees, $or example, are engaged through
the company6s strength basedF 2% model that encourages &ob involvement and development
around their personal strengths and passions. @n the work'li$e boundary, many employees are
part o$ a results only work environmentF that allows them to $lexibly manage their work and
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personal time, so long as results are achieved. he company also hosts a women6s leadership
$orumF 53@/:7 that engages $emale managers, employees, and customers in 3ol$ 4acks that
provide leadership counsel and social support. =oing $urther on identity engagement, +est
+uy also supports a$$inity groups revolving around race 5+lack Employees -etwork,
Asian Employees -etwork, /atin Employees -etwork7, age 5eenage Employees and Sa=E
L he wisdom o$ experience7, sexual orientation 54%#"E7, $aith, military service, and
personal abilitiesKdisabilities 5#-C/"E7.
+est +uy is today expanding its engagement program to $ocus employee energy and
entrepreneurism on society through a venture citizenshipF program.
:or example, store employees, rather than pro$essional sta$$, run the company6s community
grant program and decide which nonpro$its to support. #n turn, they work with students in the
R1D program to teach them how to run their own volunteer programs. he company6s =eek
S(uad donates its time and talents to supporting community'based groups. @n their &obs,
employees take part in the company6s program to recycle used electronics, whether purchased
at +est +uy or not, and share ideas on greening their operations through +lue Shirt -ation,
employees6 social media conversation.
Developmental (odel $ Realizing %urpose
#ronically, it was aslow who laid the $oundation $or a deeper level o$ psychological
engagement by employees in his depiction o$ people6s +eing Nalues,F which include, among
other themes, $undamental human pre$erences $or truth, goodness, beauty, wholeness, and
&ustice. his marked his embrace o$ humanistic psychology with its emphasis on human
potential and the importance to people o$ discovering their $undamental purpose in li$e.
he ideas that work organizations could serve such a liberating and generative purpose $or
employees were variously expressed in the 1>I*s and 1>G*s by "ouglas c=regor in
depictions o$ heory and ! management models, in the practices o$ group and organization
development during that era, and in employee. Employee engagement e$$orts that represented
$rom the theories o$ Erich :romm to show how companies might promote an ethic o$ beingF
as opposed to an ethic o$ havingF among their employees.
-eedless to say, the human potential movement was downplayed in corporate practices o$
employee engagement in the 1>)*s and 1>>*s that stressed the more material aspects o$
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organizational involvement. 2owever, interest in human potential is being revived today in
many complementary ways. ihaly Csikszentmihalyi, as one example, depicts humans as
having an evolving sel$F whose growth hinges on attaining $uller consciousness o$ their
inner nature and o$ the world that surrounds them. #n developmental terms, this posits that
human potential expands as people gain a deeper sense o$ their individual uni(ueness and
connect it to the processes at work in the world. #n so doing, Csikszentmihalyi contends, one
needs to step out o$ the cocoon o$ personal goals and con$ront larger issues in the public
arenaF.I
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8.G Corporate Social %esponsibility as per -ew #ndian Companies Act 8*1?
=overnment o$ #ndia has noti$ied the rules $or CS% spending uKs 1?D o$ the -ew
Companies Act 8*1? along with Companies 5Corporate Social %esponsibility 4olicy7 %ules,8*1 e$$ective $rom 1st April 8*1. urning the CS% $rom voluntary activities to the
mandated responsibilities, also governed by the bundle o$ regulations as $ollows;
Eligibility Criteria;
Company 5includes $oreign company with branches or pro&ect in #ndia7 having; inimum net
worth o$ rupees D** Crore. urnover up to 1*** CroreF having a net pro$it o$ at least
HDcrore6 during any $inancial year, are covered by this provision
.
Composition o$ CS% Committee
he Company should constitute a Corporate Social %esponsibility Committee as $ollows;
1. he Committee shall consist o$ minimum ? 5three7 including 1 5one7 #ndependent "irector,
however in case o$ 4rivate Company or the Company, which is not re(uired to appoint
#ndependent "irector on board, or :oreign Company the committee can be $ormulated with
587 two directors.
8. he CS% 4olicy shall be $ormulated in accordance with Schedule N## and the CS%
Committee will be responsible $or $raming the policy, $inalizing the amount to be spent on
CS%, monitoring M implementation o$ the Scheme.
?. #$ Company ceases to $ul$ill the eligibility criteria $or three consecutive years, then the
company is not re(uired to comply until the company will meet the eligibility criteria once
again.
he CS% %ules provides the manner in which CS% committee shall $ormulate, monitor the
policy and manner o$ understanding $or CS% activities.
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nder the rules, the =overnment has also $ixed a threshold limit o$ 8 o$ the Average6 -et
4ro$its o$ the block o$ previous three years on CS% activities and i$ Company $ails to spend
such amount, disclosures are to be made $or the same. 2owever, an exemption has been given
to the Companies that do not satis$y the above threshold $or three consecutive years.
rief on CSR )ctivities as prescribed under Schedule /++ of C)0 1234
1. @b&ective to e$$ace the daily li$e segments including poverty, malnutrition, and hunger
while enhancing the standard o$ living and promoting the $acets o$ better health care and
sanitation.
8. #nitiative to promote the di$$erent segments o$ education including special education and
programs to enhance the vocation skills $or all ages like children, women, elderly and
conducting other livelihood enhancement pro&ects.
?. Aim to bring the uni$ormity in respect o$ di$$erent sections o$ the society to promote
gender e(uality and other $acilities $or senior citizens and developing hostels $or women and
orphans and taking initiative $or empowering women and lowering ine(ualities $aced by
socially and economically backward groups.
. Elevate the segment o$ $lora and $auna to bring the ecological balance and environmental
sustainability in respect o$ animal wel$are, conservation o$ natural resources and ago $orestry
while maintaining the (uality o$ air, water and soil.
D. Enhancement o$ Cra$tsmanship while protecting art and culture and measures to restore
sites o$ historical importance and national heritage and promoting the works o$ art and setting
up o$ public libraries.
I. Steps to bring worthy to the part o$ war windows, armed $orce veterans and their
departments.
G. Sports programs and training sessions to enhance the level o$ rural sports, nationally
recognized sports, 4aralympic sports and @lympics sports.
). :avoring to 4rime inister6s -ational %elie$ :und and contribution to other $und set up by
the central government to promote socio'economic development and wel$are o$ the schedule
castes and Schedule ribes and $or supporting backward classes, minorities, and women.
>. o upli$t the technology o$ incubator that6s comes under academic institutions and which
are approved by the Central =overnment.
1*. #ntroducing varied pro&ects $or %ural "evelopment.
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he below activities are not included under the CS% activities o$ the Company.
1. +usiness run in the normal course.
8. @utside the territory o$ the #ndia or abroad.
?. :or the wel$are o$ the employees and their $amilies.
. 4olitical party contribution o$ any amount directly and indirectly as de$ined uKs 1)8 o$ the
Act.
he above CS% activities shall be undertaken by the Company, as per its stated CS% policy,
in consonance with the new or ongoing pro&ects excluding activities undertaken in pursuance
o$ its normal course o$ business. he +oard o$ "irectors may decide to undertake its CS%
activities approved by the CS% Committee, through a registered trust or a registered society.
5early Compliances6*
1. he Annual %eport o$ the Company shall include a comprehensive %eport on CS% in the
format as prescribed in the Companies 7Corporate Social Responsibility %olicy8 Rules0
1239, containing particulars on @verview o$ CS% 4olicy, Composition o$ the Committee,
Avg. -et 4ro$it, prescribed expenditure and details o$ its spending, reason in case o$ $ailure
etc.
8. he disclosure on CS% in +oard %eport should also be available on the Company:s
ebsite.
?. he activities included in the CS% 4olicy and the prescribed expenditure being
undertakenKspent shall be ensured by the +oard, in the respective manner.
his means all the Companies $alling in the a$oresaid criteria needs to ensure CS%
compliance but it is debatable to say that the same is for welfare of the society or the
companies are doing it just to avoid penalties. CS% stands to support the Company6s Nision
as well as directions to what @rganization stands $or and will sustain its clients. An #S@
8I*** is the accepted worldwide standard $or Corporate Social %esponsibility 5CS%7.
CS% term has been revaluated with an aim to embrace responsibility $or the Company9s
actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers,
conscience, corporate citizenship, social per$ormance, employees, communities, and all
stakeholders.G
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?. @verview o$ the Company
?.1 Company #ntroduction
!" #deas is a company, which specializes in people.F hey $ocus on coaching and training
$or personal development as well as setting up e$$ective, $uturistic 2% processes.
hrough their proprietary tools and practices, they enable individuals and organizations to
improve their per$ormance and productivity by working on the most power$ul resource 0 people. All this is done with measurable end results in mind.
Services o$$ered by !" #deas
< Communication; public speaking, language correction and enhancement, business
communication eti(uette
< Sel$'#mage; Assessments and 4ersonality consulting
< 4ersonal =oal setting; 4sychometric assessments, personality mapping, clutter
clearing, developing a vision, game plan charting
< Channeling #nner 4ower; Chakra alignment, harnessing the power o$ mind, meditation
and its role in success.
#n addition to o$$ering the above as group workshops $or corporates, they also assist
companies in the area o$ Hpeople processes6 that is 2uman %esource 4ractices.
his includes
< Core 2% 4rocesses.
< 4er$ormance anagement System.
< %eward 4rograms.
< nderstanding business goals.
< %eassessing and pro&ecting talent needs in light o$ the above.
< %edesigning work process and reward systems to map with business goals.
< "eveloping training solutions to build capabilities $or achieving these goals.
< %edesigning organizational culture to be conducive $or goal achievement.
?.8 Services o$$ered by the company
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#R Services
@rganizations the world over are $acing a huge challenge today. +ig decisions are being made
in real time. @rganizations are reacting with changes to keep ahead o$ each other, at a pacethat is $aster than ever be$ore. his changed atmosphere can create con$usion among the
employees.
!" #deas acts as strategic 2uman %esource anagement partners, ensures that an
organization is e(uipped to meet the needs o$ their employees and the employees are trained
and motivated to meet the needs o$ an organization.
@$$er services are in the areas o$
' Audits and 4rocesses
' alent Ac(uisition
' alent anagement and "evelopment
' /eadership "evelopment and Succession 4lanning
o ensure that organization has employees that are motivated, deliver well on a &ob and grow
with the organization, need to have an intelligent selection process $or the employees 0 both
within the organization as well as $or $resh talent $rom outside.
#t all starts with getting the &ob description right in terms $unctional as well as behavioral
aspects. !" ideas have developed a variety o$ tools to help organizational recruitment.
ools Such as;
< Cra$t the right &ob descriptions
< Ask the right (uestions in an interview
< #denti$y talent within the team
< 3ork out succession plans
< 4sychometric analysis o$ the candidate $or &ob $it
< 4sychometric analysis o$ the internal team to identi$y resources $or a role
< 4ersonal interview sessions o$ the candidate by !" team along with company team
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An organization is put together by its people. anaging this biggest resource is a huge
challenge, but i$ done well can yield big and long term pro$its $or an organization. !"
ideas, work closely with their clients to understand the current business goals and work
culture and then put together a system that not only helps them optimize their current
per$ormance but also empowers them to achieve long'term business goals more e$$iciently
and e$$ectively.
As part o$ this people management,F they o$$er trainings as well as system setups in the
$ollowing areas;
Employee %etention Strategies
< %etaining e$$ective employees is important to any organization6s success. 2igh
retention ratio not only save $unds, but also exposes entire strategy M process $low to
the competition. A high employee turnover rate a$$ects an organization both internally
and externally 0 internally because o$ loss o$ opportunity, productivity, and employee
morale and externally because o$ a $ast growing reputation o$ an unstable
organization.
< hrough various interventions including a $ine tuned selection process, a detailed
employee'&ob $it execution, coaching M training, !" delivers higher employee
retention $or companies across a range o$ sectors. hey also work with high
per$orming individuals in client6s team on a one on one basis, providing customized
employee development and talent management plans. #n addition to this, they advise
the key stakeholders on developing a culture that would, in itsel$, ensure that client
has a more dynamic workplace.
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Employee otivation
< A motivated employee is a sel$'starter, an asset $or the organization. 3hen this
multiplies $rom one employee to a larger group in an organization, one not &ust sees
bottom line results but also a happier, more loyal work $orce, lower attrition rates and
there$ore an organization becomes stronger at its roots.
< !" #deas believe that employees can be trained to be motivated and work to create a
culture that is a winning situation $or both the employee as well as the organization.
< !" has a team o$ highly skilled trainers who are adept at building rapport with the
people and challenging individuals to achieve their goals. Coaching sessions are
conducted with both, individuals as well as in small groups.
Training services
Corporate trainings;
< -euro'/inguistic 4rogramming; -/4 the most power$ul techni(ue in communication
used in #nterpersonal communications and persuasion including business
communication, management training, sales in$luence, used $or coaching, team
building, motivational rainings, negotiation Skills raining.
< ind power; he 4ower o$ the subconscious mind, what the conscious mind can6t
perceive gets stored into the subconscious, the ability to access and utilize ones
potential
< Stress anagement; Creating work li$e balance. 3hen one $aces challenges and needs
to learn new innovative stress management processes like color therapy, and ime
+ased echni(ues.
< Chakra editations; o power$ully utilize ones energy and create a balance on the
emotional and spiritual $ront, this therapy along with stories $rom the Nedas Empower
us to take on li$e. 4ower 4acked session $rom /earning6s $rom he ahabharata.)
. "evelopment o$ CS% 4roposal;
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CS%
@rganizational
:unds
!"ideas
3arriorwomen
raining $or3omen
Entrepreneurs
-=@
5%eg.under)*=7
• 4rimary ob&ective o$ the summer internship is to design a CS% proposal $or
corporates.
• Secondary ob&ective is to do the research re(uired $or designing the proposal.
:igure G; he CS% 4roposal $or corporates
.1 he process o$ CS% pro&ect
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3omen Entrepreneurs $rom company database 5existing Mold7
3arrior 3omen training program
Success$ul 3omen Entrepreneurs will provide work torural women
Each 3omen Entrepreneur will adopt one rural womanwhich would lead to an exemplary case study
:igure ); he process o$ CS% pro&ect.
< sing organizational $unds 5CS% pro&ect $or corporates7 a training program $or
women entrepreneurs will be organized.
< raining program i.e. 3arrior womenF is conducted by !"ideas.
< 3omen entrepreneurs will undergo empowerment training and support connected
-=@ to help women in need.
.8 "etailed process o$ developing CS% model;
1. "e$ining @b&ective
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3hy 3arrior womenJ
here are any challenges $aced by women entrepreneurs, !" ideas warrior women program
help these entrepreneurs to tackle issues like sel$ 'esteem, sel$ 'worth, con$idence, inner
strength, entrepreneurship skills, communication skills and more to empower women to live
the lives they truly deserve.
2ighlights o$ the workshop 5/aunched in 8*1?7
' o learn to look at li$e6s challenges with a :%ES2 perspective
' o understand Hthe reason why6 through /@=#CA/ M scienti$ic explanations
' o get introduced to the %EA/ one'sel$
' o set =@A/S $or yoursel$
' o train to be a S%@-=E% person, both mentally and physically
' o learn problem solving M decision making S%AE=#ES
' o get in touch with #--E% SE/:
' o learn to AOE /#:E 3@%O +! !@% %/ES
he 3orkshop is designed in a uni(ue way. he program will help to train entrepreneurs to
work on their mind, body, and soul in order to live the li$e they always dreamed o$. Specially
designed capsules on mental toughness, inner strength build up, de'cluttering, problem
solving, and decision making will help them design their own result orientedF strategies in
both personal and pro$essional $ronts.
.? =limpse o$ 3arrior 3omen 4rogram
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8. =etting an -=@ involved
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o create database o$ di$$erent -=@s who worked $or women this would be a part o$ CS%
proposal.
o shortlist -=@s and create contacts.
+ene$it $or -=@; 3omen entrepreneurs adapting rural women could provide employment
opportunities $or them.
?. #denti$ying areas o$ organizational support and bene$its to the organization involved
:inancial assistance and promotional support by the organization
-=@ registered under section )* = give corporates tax bene$it.
@rganizational bene$it; #nvolvement o$ employees in the overall -=@ activities will lead to
Employee engagement.
.
. "esigning the :inal proposal;
Company; :inancial assistance
4romotional Support
– Communication to the present database o$ active customers
– edia support
!" #deas; :easibility, /ogistical Support and -=@ connect
– 3orkshops
– Seminars
– 3orkshop aterial
– Certi$ication 4rograms
– All in synergy with CS% ob&ectives
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D. #nternship Assessment
Summer internship at !"ideas had given me an opportunity to learn various 2% processes.
# learnt how to develop and execute a concept 5how to connect the dots7.
y main pro&ect was to develop a CS% model, $or which # did literature research.
"uring my research, # came across various activities, which organizations per$orm under
CS%. Additionally, # realized that the legal aspects o$ CS% are e(ually important and that
there are various rules an organization needs to $ollow.
he 3arrior 3omen 4rogram o$ !"ideas is about empowering women. # contributed in
establishing a connecting link between CS% model $or corporates and 3arrior 3omen
4rogram. # also developed a database $or -=@s re(uired $or CS% model.
All through my internship # also worked upon various 2% $unctions; 4olicy designing,
anpower 4anning, Nalue chain, Employee +rand +uilding, =ap analysis 5Client6s site7, and
+enchmarking.
!"ideas is a strategic 2% $irmB # got an opportunity to observe execution o$ &ob description
at one o$ their client site.
# could correlate my classroom knowledge with practical experience at !"ideas.
his summer internship has given me a broad view o$ 2%':unctions and helped me
understand the &ob responsibilities o$ 2uman %esource "epartment.
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I. %ecommendations
< he model developed during the internship period has been accepted by the company,
but now it needs to reach corporate clients, and $or this, !"ideas should $orm a
special CS% team.
< he database generated o$ di$$erent -=@s can be used to strengthen the model.
< his model also can be used as internal employee engagement tool within !"ideas.
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G. %e$erences
1. Neersalu /. he importance o$ corporate social responsibility in Estonian consumers6
purchasing decisions. 8*11 5A +achelor6s hesis 4resented to the edia "epartment
allinn niversity6s +altic :ilm and edia School7
8. 2ossain +, Siwar C, ohd'ani : and +huiyan A+. Corporate Social %esponsibility
5CS%7 $or =lobal arket Access; A alaysian Case Study on Small and edium Enterprises.
%esearch ournal o$ Applied Sciences, Engineering and echnology 8*1?B D; I*'ID
?. Scilly . :our ypes o$ Corporate Social %esponsibility available at
smallbusiness.chron.com.
. =autam % and Singh A. Corporate Social %esponsibility 4ractices in #ndia; A Study o$ op
D** Companies. =lobal +usiness and anagement %esearch; An #nternational ournal. 8*1*B
8; 1'DI.
D. Corporate Social %esponsibility; A /ever $or Employee Attraction M Engagement by
eanne eister 8*18 available at www.$orbes.com
I. irvis 4. Employee Engagement and CS%; ransactional, %elational, and "evelopmental
Approaches. Cali$ornia anagement %eview 8*18B D; >?'11G
G. Corporate social responsibility as per new #ndian act 8*1?.pd$ available at
www.global&urix.com.
). www.tydideas.com