Post on 10-Apr-2018
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Allocation of Wireless Spectrum
White Space
Lance Lohman
Tuan Huynh
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What is Spectrum?
y Spectrum, or electromagnetic spectrum, wasdiscovered in the mid 1800s.
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Spectrumy Spectrum, or electromagnetic spectrum, was
discovered in the mid 1800s.
y Early 1900s: AM Radio
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Spectrumy Spectrum, or electromagnetic spectrum, was
discovered in the mid 1800s.
y Early 1900s: AM Radio
y 1930s: FCC licensed the first portions of the spectrumin the 700 MHz band for the TV stations to use.
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Spectrum
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Spectrum
y In 1950s, wirelessmicrophone technologycame along and used thosesame white spaces as theirlanes to transmit signal.
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y With the advent of
digital broadcasting,TV no longer requiredthe full 700 MHzportion of thespectrum at all.
The switch from Analog to Digital
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y To put it another way: TV got flyingcars, so the FCC wanted to put theirold lanes to better use.
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The FCC Auctiony In 2008, the government auctioned off pieces of it in
an anonymous auction process that sold it for $19.6
billion to Verizon and AT&T.yAnother portion of the 700 MHz portion is going to
first responders, like police or firemen etc, and variousgovernment agencies.
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White Spacesy White spaces are the unused spectrum space that act
as buffers between TV broadcasts (less needed now
after digital transition)y Considered prime spectrum space because they have a
long reach and can easily pass through many materials
y Many are excited about potential for WiFi over this
spectrumy 9x faster
y 3x stronger
y Reach farther
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Wi-fi on Steriods
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The Big DebateTo Be or Not to Be?
y Unlicense the Spectrum and put it in the publicdomain for open innovations
y Or license the Spectrum to a few companies who are
qualified to handle it
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FCC Rulings on White Spacey November 2008 suspended ruling for opening the
spectrum; extensive testing for wireless device
interferenceyJune 2010: Rejection of wireless signal sensing device;
establishment of constantly updated databases ofoccupied frequencies
y
September 2010: the final verdict was
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Who are the Players?
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Who are the Players?
y Technology companies,mobile companies,
broadcastingcompanies.
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Who are the Players?
y Technology companies,mobile companies,
broadcastingcompanies
y The government: wantsto keep some of the
spectrum for its usage
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Who are the Players?
y Technology companies,mobile companies,
broadcastingcompanies
y The government: wantsto keep some of the
spectrum for its usageyAcademia
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Why unlicensed?y Economics: expand the market, with more
consumers/producers on Wi-Fi, stimulating the economy
y
Technology: similar to theI
nternet, rather thancentralizing the control, you decentralize the system andlet the public innovates on it: super-charges innovations-crows of people can develop new ideas faster than isolatedgeniuses and disseminate them even better
y Political/Electoral by helping the spectrum go public, theFCC can gain popular support from the people
y Social expanding the social network
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Tech Troubles with Unlicensed Spectrumy Interference Many devices,
all competing for same area
y Database reliability
Accuracy and speedy Infrastructure Power and
Range
y Management/Enforcement
Tracking, penalizing thoseusing spectrum maliciously
y WiMax Feasibility a pipedream?
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Unlicensed Spectrum Costs Societyy Majority of country relies on broadcast TV for news,
information cannot disrupt that
yNo matter how great tech is, if its inconsistent, it wontbe used
y Politically, lose leverage on companies
y Government loses money from auction
y Hurts economy and consumers by not being put tobetter use
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Spectrum Use: Prioritize!y Long range, high penetration spectrum is a limited
resource
y
Owned by public, which trusts the government to putit to the best possible use for society
y What task? And who to implement it?
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Spectrum Use: Mobile Data Trafficy Rapidly reaching capacity of mobile spectrum while
mobile use is still climbing (currently 680 Mhz
available)y AT&T: 2006-2009 saw 5000% increase in mobile data
traffic
y ITU 06: Projecting wireless needs of 1300 Mhz by 2015
y
CTI
A 09: Requesting 800 additional Mhz by 2015y Cisco: Mobile data traffic will double every year between
2008 and 2013
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Cisco Projections Video is primary driver of increased need
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Why License?y Need to maximize use; FCC can mandate priorities
during auction to ensure public/private balance
y
Dozens of interested companies that have theinfrastructure, experience, and capacity necessary toget the most out of the spectrum
y Uses market to solve tech and societal problems
ensure continued growth now!
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WiFiy Our current Wi-Fi system is worth around $4 billion a
year
y
With the advent ofWhite Space, the wireless industryis estimated to worth $7.3 billion per year
y More new devices will come out and connect on a all-time strong level.
y The landscape will change. It will affect how peoplegoing to access the Internet in different, novel waybeyond a cellphone
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International Perspectivesy UK is supportive for unlicensing the spectrum. Theyre
keeping an eye of the USs model and see how things
unfold
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Look into the Futurey Talks of how this coming age of turbo-connection will
help the planet as a whole. It is taken from an IBMs
presentation released in March.
y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfEbMV295Kk
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Questions & Answers