Post on 04-Jul-2015
description
Manesh Samuel John
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Accessibility is for Blind People
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Accessibility is for the Disabled
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
RIGHT
Accessibility is for EVERYONE!
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
As per the dictionary, Accessibility means:
• Convenience
• Easy of access
• User-friendliness
• Easy of understanding
• Easy of use
Persons with disabilities are the most hit with accessibility issues!
So what’s Accessibility?
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Its about time we do some reality check on the term disabled!
Disabled = Everyone!
HEARINGDeaf: can’t hearHard-of-hearing or hearing impaired:can hear only with amplification or can hear in one ear only
VISIONBlind: can’t seeVisually-impaired: can’t read small type or distinguish certain colorsColor-blind: can’t distinguish certain colors
MOBILITYPhysical disability: unable to move one or more limbs, fingers, or toesMotor skills impairment:unable to press one key at a time, unable to press a key without duplicate keystrokes, unable to use a mouse
LEARNINGDyslexia: difficulty with reading
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
• People using a wheel chair
• Those using a white cane
• Those wearing hearing aids
• Those using crutches
Let’s look at some real life examples
• Forgetting glasses at home - finding it complicated to work on the computer
• With age, each one of us acquires some sort of disabilities including;
• memory loss,
• hard-of-hearing,
• deteriorating vision ,
• adversity in climbing stairs, etc
These are the first instances that come to our mind! But what about..
In our every day life we all face impairments, activity limitations, and participations!
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
“Disability is a socially created problem and not an attribute of an individual”
So the point is ...
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
1 out of every 5 people in the United States has a learning disability
Did You Know
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Normal Protanopia
Deuteranopia Tritanopia
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
• Worldwide - 314 million visually impaired, 45 million of them are blind.
• Old people, and females are more at risk at every age
• 87% of the visually impaired live in developing countries
• Reduction in infectious diseases causing blindness, but age-related impairment is increasing
• Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness globally, except in the most developed countries.
• About 85% of all visual impairment is avoidable globally
• 1 in 12 people suffer from some sort of color deficiency
Did You Know…
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
One in five have a hearing difficulty or impairment.
Did You Know
Source: MS Forrester Report 2004
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
• Do not use computers
• Unable to use computers
• Do not need a computer
Senior Citizens – Silver Surfers
Changing rapidly!
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Who is your target audience?
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Is your audience male or female, old or young?
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Are your Users Color Blind?
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Does user suffer from epilepsy?
Your users may suffer from epilepsy - 3 flashes within one second can cause a seizure
About 1 in every 200 people have Epilepsy
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Why care about accessibility?
750 million people
in the world are disabled
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
How do people use the web?
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Mouse and Keyboard
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Mobile Phone
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Assistive Technology
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
What is Assistive Technology (AT)?
AT refers to any "product, device, or equipment,
whether acquired commercially, modified or
customized, that is used to maintain, increase, or
improve the functional capabilities of individuals
with disabilities."
Source: http://www.section508.gov/docs/AT1998.html
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Nail Clipper with Magnifier
Assist people with: Limited hand movements Low vision
Also works for cutting nails of new born.
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Moldable Spoon Liquid Indicator
Assist people with: Limited hand moment Hand tremors
Assist people with: BlindnessLow vision
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Long Handle Comb Writing Bird
Assist people with: Limited hand movement
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Loop Handle Zipper
Assist people with: Difficulty in grasping and pulling
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
Legislations and RegulationsCountry Legislation WCAG Compliance
USA Rehabilitation Act, Section 504 (USA, 1973)Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (USA, 1990) –Title II & Title IIIAmended Section 255 of the Communications Act (USA, 1996)Rehabilitation Act Amendment, Section 508 (USA, 1998)
Section 508 Partial
United Kingdom
Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 (UK, 1995)Disability Rights Commission (DRC) published a Code of Practice for “Rights of Access –Goods, Facilities, Services and Premises” (UK, 2002)DRC Published Code of Practice for Website Accessibility (PAS78) (UK, 2006)
PAS78 refers to the WCAG Guidelines
Australia Disability Discrimination Act (1992)WWW Accessibility (Disability) Policy (Australia, 2000)
WCAG 2.0 Level AA
Canada Canadian Human Rights Act (Canada, 1977)Employment Equity Act (Canada, 1995)Ontarians with Disabilities Act (Ontario, Canada, 2001)Common Look and Feel Standards for the Internet (Canada, 2006)
WCAG 1.0 P1 and P2
Germany Ordinance on Barrier Free Information Technology or BITV (Germany, 2002)
BITV has two priorities & 14 standards, based on the WCAG 1.0 Guidelines
European Union
Unified Web Evaluation Methodology 1.0 (2006) WCAG 2.0
All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility
• Color and Contrast - Provide sufficient color contrast for the foreground and background color combinations.
• Color can’t be used as a “sole indicator of meaning”
• Font Sizes - Make your default font size reasonably big (at least 10 point) so that very few users have to resort to manual overrides.
• Icons and Texts for Better Context
• Sensory Characteristics - Do not use size, shape or location to provide any information
• Different heading levels should be appropriately used.
• Alt text inclusion for images is critical and should be null for spacer images and for images that are included with same anchor tag for a textual link.
• Expansion for abbreviations is essential
• Keyboard access is very critical, considering that there could be few users who wouldn’t be using mouse at all.
• “Skip to Main Content” should be available.
• Row and Column headers should be provided for all data tables, <th> tags.
• Descriptive and informative page titles
• Ensure all hyperlinks use descriptive and meaningful text, avoiding short-hand language like
'Click here';
• Captions must be provided for any multimedia (audio/visual) content
• Avoid Flickering - Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker with a frequency greater than2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.
Web Accessibility Quick Fixes