ALKANES•GENERAL FORMULA•MOLECULAR FORMULA•STRUCTURAL FORMULA•NAME OF EACH MEMBER

•Physical properties•Chemical properties

ALKANES

•GENERAL FORMULA•MOLECULAR FORMULA•STRUCTURAL FORMULA•NAME OF EACH MEMBER

4CH

62HC

83HC

104HC

125HC

146HC

167HC

188HC

209HC

2210HC

Naming alkanes• Identify the stem

• Identify the branch (if any)

• Put numbering on the main chain

• Name the branch first, then the stem

1 2 3

propane

1 2 3 4

n-butane

1 2 3 4 5

n-pentane

Naming alkanes• Identify the stem

• Identify the branch (if any)

• Put numbering on the main chain

• Name the branch first, then the stem

12345

2- methylpentane

1 2 3 4 5

2,4- dimethylpentane

ALKANES

•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

ALKANES•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

COMBUSTION

SUBSTITUTION REACTION

SUBSTITUTION REACTION

Example:Reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of UV

Cl

Cl

Equation

Step 1

CH4 + Cl2 ---------> CH3Cl + HCl

step 2

CH3Cl + Cl2 -------> CH2Cl2 + HCl

Equation

Step 3

CH2Cl2 + Cl2 ---------> CHCl3 + HCl

step 4

CHCl3 + Cl2 -------> CCl4 + HCl

Cl

Cl

ALKANES•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

COMBUSTIONExample :

Methane burns in air

C

H

H

H

H

C H H

H H

equation

OHCOOCH 2224 22 +→+