Post on 27-Mar-2015
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 1
EU-PWI Task Force &
EFDA Plasma Edge Technology Programme
Alberto Loarte, Joachim Roth, Volker Philipps
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 2
Outline
1. Background to EFDA Plasma Edge Technology Programme and Integration with EU-PWI Task Force
2. Description of Existing Tasks & Status Details to be found in http://efdasql.ipp.mpg.de/efdatpp
3. Plans for new Tasks in 2006
4. Discussion of Priorities for 2007 (ELE or post-ELE EFDA ?)
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 3
Background
Need of fundamental Understanding of PWI Processes
Well defined Laboratory Experiments
Specific Modelling and Extrapolation to ITER
Contributions from Associations without voluntary Physics Programme
Financial Volume (2005): 1 M€ (20% sub.) 5.1.a, 250 k€ (40% sub.) 5.1b
(0.8 M€ in 5.1.a, 250 k€ in 5.1b for 2006)
EU Task Force aims to better integrate Technology and Physics Aspects of the EFDA Plasma Edge Technology Programme
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 4
Integration with EU-PWI TF Topics (I)
Tasks in 2002/2003/2004/2005
1. Erosion behaviour
Chemical Erosion of C by D/Be, TW2-TPP-ERDEP (√) (EU-US)
Sputtering of W and Be, TW3-TPP-ERTUBE (~ 60% √) SEWG
Chemical Erosion of C, TW4-TPP-ERCAR (~ 80% √) SEWG
C/W/Be mixed-material formation, TW5-TPP-CARWBER (EU-US)
2. Material transport and re-deposition
Flake Formation from Deposits, TW2-TVM-CFC2 (√)
Scavenger Technique, TW3-TPP-SCAVOP (√) SEWG
CxHy Formation and Re-deposition in ITER Geometries, TW4-TPP-TRIDEP
Erosion/deposition metal wall + C divertor TW5-TPP-TILCAR
Midplane and Divertor W macro-brush studies in ASDEX-Upgrade
UT4-TUNAUG & UT5-MBWAUG
(√) Already reported at last year‘s meeting (√) Reported this year
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 5
Integration with EU-PWI TF Topics (II)
3. Fuel recycling, retention and removal (2 SEWGs)
Optimisation of He-O Glow for C-H removal, TW5-TPP-HEGLO
Characterisation PFC Oxidation Damage, TW5-TPP-TILCAR
T removal by non-O2 oxidative methods, TW4-TPP-TRIREMA-B
T retention in ITER-like material mixes and Tsurf, TW5-TPP-RETMIX
4. Off-normal heat loads (SEWG)
Modelling of Disruptions and ELMs, TW3-TPP-DISELM (√)
Validation of ELM Damage Modelling, TW3-MATDAM (~ 30% √) (EU-RF)
ELM-Disruption exposed Target Characterisation, TW4-TARCAR (~ 40% √)
W and CFC damage and plasma evolution in ITER, TW5-TPP-ITERTRAN
Modelling of Be damage under Disruptions/ELMs, TW5-TPP-BEDAM (fut.EU-RF)
W and CFC under-threshold damage studies, TW5-TPP-REPELM
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 6
Integration with EU-PWI TF Topics (III)
5. Edge modelling, erosion and deposition modelling
Improvements to ERO Code and ITER Modelling, TW3-TPP-ERMOD (√)
MD Modelling of Erosion Processes, TW4-TPP-CARWMOD (√)
W Erosion and Edge Plasma Contamination in ITER, TW5-TPP-TUNMOD
6. Edge and SOL physics
Improvements to B2-Eirene for ITER Modelling, TW3-TPP-NEUTMOD (√)
Modelling of n-n and n- effects in ITER divertor, TW5-TPP-ITERNEUT
7. Task force relevant diagnostics
Speckle Interferometry for Erosion, TW0-T438/01 (√)
Laser Ablation Techniques for Film Deposition, TW3-TPP-ERDIAG (√)
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 7
Description of Tasks and Status (I)
ERTUBE: High Tsurf erosion of metals (IPP + PISCES-B under EU-US collaboration)
R. Doerner + K. Schmid + J. Roth
A u
High Tsurf erosion of metals is a general property for low and high Z metals that
requires Tsurf > 0.8 Tmelt & Fluxes > 1022 m-2 s-1 & low particle incident energies
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 8
Description of Tasks and Status (II)
ERTUBE: Composition of redeposits in Be C experiments in PISCES-B (IPP + PISCES-B under EU-US collaboration)
Many samples analysed exposed to a range of experimental conditions to determine surface layer structure and composition
PSI 2004, M.Baldwin, et al.
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 9
Description of Tasks and Status (III)
ERCAR: Synergistic effects of C erosion with impurity ions (IPP)Enhanced chemical sputtering by noble gas impurity atoms is confirmed for He, Ne, Ar
ion
~ 180 (Ar), 30 (Ne)
Enhancement of chemical erosion decreases slightly with atomic mass at low impact energies
ITER conditions: Yphys(Ar, Ne) = 0, Y(Ar|D) ~ 0.6,Y(Ne|D) ~ 0.4, RAr ~ 1000, RNe~ 100
C(ion|D)/C(D) = YC(ion|D)/(Ychem/Rion) 0.06 (Ar) 0.4 (Ne) Small effect if Ychem ~ 1%(in agreement with CARWMOD results)
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 10
Description of Tasks and Status (IV)
SCAVOP : Determination scavenger effect dependence on conditions (IPP)Decrease of deposition with N2 reproduced but scavenger effect ?
Clear formation of volatile molecules (HCN),
but also CH3 and NH3 increase with N2
& enhanced N2+ sputtering of a-C:H layers
C2H2 (C2H large source of deposits in the
experiments) decreases dramatically with N2
is this the dominant effect ?
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 11
Description of Tasks and Status (V)
MATDAM + TARCAR: Targets were characterised by FZJ in February and arrived at
TRINITI at the end of July (modelling by FZK, analysis FZJ + ENEA-CNR+Frascati)
m)
m)
(x 10-2 MJ/m2)
Experiments have started already with the
plasma gun calibration and low power
exposure experiments (~ 0.5 MJ/m2, 500 s)
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 12
Description of Tasks and Status (VI)
CARWMOD : MD modelling of W plasma-wall interactions (FZK, TEKES)
Emphasis of W compound effects and W blistering
FZK Studies of W-O system under D flux
TEKES Studies of W-C system under D flux
TEKES W blistering under D and He flux
Example Result He (@ Einc = 50/100 eV) on W forms bubbles that escape W without
causing blister
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 13
Description of Tasks and Status (VII)
NEUTMOD : n-n effects are not negligible in ITER B2-Eirene has been upgraded to handle these effects (including MAR) (FZJ)
for same q pk P DT goes up with n-n col.
for same pumped DT S DT goes down (colder gas with n-n
col.)
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 14
Description of Tasks and Status (VIII)
TW0-T438-01 : Erosion diagnostic with speckle interferometry (CEA) Technique tested in ideal “realistic” conditions produces an ideal resolution of ~10 m 3 method can resolve depths from 2000 m to 50 m with a 10 m resolution Implementation in tokamak requires addressing vibration + large observation area
further tests in CEA and (if successful) in Tore-Supra will be pursued
Proposed tokamak diagnostic set-up
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 15
Description of Tasks and Status (IX)
ERDIAG-a : Diagnosis of retention by laser desorption Technique tested in lab conditions with well characterised films Technique demonstrated in TEXTOR with non-optimum laser with good results Diagnostic design for JET approved aiming at demonstration in divertor plasmas
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 16
Description of Tasks and Status (X)
ERDIAG-b : Diagnosis of retention by LA-OES (or LIBS)Laser Ablation Optical Emission Spectroscopy (CEA)
Technique tested in lab conditions with well characterised films Technique demonstrated on TEXTOR tiles Diagnostic incorporated in plans for JET laser ablation system for de-tritiation
D/C TEXTOR tile front
D/C TEXTOR tile back
The critical issue is to optimise crater (depth + profile) to guarantee relevant desorption
(by strata)
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 17
Plans for new Tasks in 2006
Mixed Materials Studies Study of W/C/O deposits from tokamaks (ASDEX Upgrade, TEXTOR, etc.) with focus on mixed-material formation and T retention Modelling of mixed-material formation processes and T retention
Study of W-C-H (+O) system
Study of the Be-C-D (+O) system Proof of principle for erosion deposition in-situ diagnostic
Ideas ? Demonstration of T-removal techniques for mixed-materials
Ideas ? Experimental studies of dynamics of molten layers under transient loads in tokamaks
Ideas ? Dedicated ITER PWI modelling ?
Ideas ?
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 18
Money matters : History and Facts
2003 2004 2005 20060
500
1000
1500
2000
Oficial Budget Real Budget
Year
Art
icle
5.1
.a (
kEu
ros
@ 2
0%
sub
sidy
)
EFDA Plasma Edge Technology Programme Budget
0
100
200
300
400
500
600 Article
5.1.b
(kEu
ros @ 40
% subsidy)
Budget allocated for TPP area of EFDA Technology programme roughly constant since 2003
(20% reduction in 2006 EFDA Technology € due to start of ITER construction)Real requested/allocated budget increases with time
(in 2005 hopefully by 80-90%)
Increase of requested/allocated budget reflects interest of EFDA management on PWI issues + the good work of EU-PWI Task Force!!
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 19
Priorities for 2007
Experiments/Modelling on erosion/redeposition in lab
experiments and fusion devices
Mixed Materials Studies T retention and removal
Diagnostics for in-situ T retention measurement
Diagnostics for in-situ erosion/redeposition measurements
Dedicated PWI modelling in ITER
(erosion/redeposition in main QDT=10 scenario + ramp-up phase)
Studies of Be damage under ELMs and disruptions
More ideas are very welcome !!!!!
Alberto Loarte EU Plasma-Wall Interaction Task Force Meeting – CEA – Cadarache 17 – 10– 2005 20
Conclusions
EFDA TPP Technology Programme is well integrated with EU-PWI Research Programme and producing ITER-relevant results
As recognised by EFDA and ITER management
Two major EFDA Collaborations with US (PISCES-B) and RF (TRINITI) on-going New large collaboration about to be approved with RF (Kurchatov +
TRINITI) on Be damage under ITER transient loads EU staff to collaborate in-situ in the experiments (Euratom Mobility) + EU
industry to provide targets (+ few Be coated targets?) + destructive analysis of targets to be done in EU labs (new EFDA tasks in 2007)
Many Associations involved : CEA , CIEMAT ,
ENEA-Frascati , ENEA-CNR Milano , FOM-NRG ,
FZJ , FZK , IPP , IST , ÖAW ,
TEKES , and VR
How to get “new” Associations involved in Technology Programme ?