Alabama Statewide DiscussionMarket Study

Birmingham, ALApril 30, 2012

METHODOLOGY

• This study was a two part process that consisted of:– Part 1: Preliminary online market scan and

NeighborWorks America Alabama Network meeting feedback in February 2012

– Part 2: Primary and Secondary Data through phone interviews, reports, publications and online data sources

ALABAMA AT A GLANCE

Alabama is a state mixed with urban and rural areas that can be

defined in multiple ways

Population of Alabama has changed in the last decade with an increase just under 8%

overall. In particular there have heavy population increases in a portion of the

North and Southwest area, while the other portion of the North and Southeast have

seen loss of population, as much as 20% in certain areas

POPULATION GROWTH AND RACE

Source: Census Bureau; socialexplorer.com

POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE

Overall Alabama’s population per square mile doesn’t exceed the 50-100 range. There spots in the northern and western portion of the state that show increased population density

Quick Demographics

• A little more than 1/3 (~34%) of population is 50 years or older

• A little more than ¼ (~27%) of households consist of a person living alone

• About 15% of households consist of a female householder with no husband

Census 2010

Alabama is struggling in key areas of Assets and

OpportunitiesOVERALL GRADE: F

Next several slides with detail the key areas of concern

FINANCIAL ASSETS & INCOME

CORPORATION FOR ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, (CFED) 2012

HEALTHCARE

CORPORATION FOR ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, (CFED) 2012

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Age, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

Children 102,900 14% 7,951,800 16%Adults 630,200 86% 41,160,200 84%Total 733,100 100% 49,111,900 100%

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Family Work Status, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

At Least 1 Full Time Worker 403,900 55% 29,831,500 61%

Part Time Workers 110,700 15% 7,688,700 16%

Non Workers 218,500 30% 11,591,700 24%

Total 733,100 100% 49,111,900 100%

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Federal Poverty Level (FPL), states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

AL% of US Total

US#

US%

US% of US Total

Under 100% 352,100 48% 2% 19,933,800 41% 100%

100-138% 87,700 12% 1% 6,396,300 13% 100%

139-250% 177,800 24% 1% 11,869,700 24% 100%

251-399% 63,200 9% 1% 6,235,200 13% 100%

400%+ NSD NSD NSD 4,676,900 10% 100%

Total 733,100 100% 1% 49,111,900 100% 100%

Alabama: Nonelderly Uninsured

Alabama healthcare system needs help with the majority of individuals in most need walking around with health insurance i.e.

elderly and low income individuals

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Age, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

Children 102,900 14% 7,951,800 16%Adults 630,200 86% 41,160,200 84%Total 733,100 100% 49,111,900 100%

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Family Work Status, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

At Least 1 Full Time Worker 403,900 55% 29,831,500 61%

Part Time Workers 110,700 15% 7,688,700 16%

Non Workers 218,500 30% 11,591,700 24%

Total 733,100 100% 49,111,900 100%

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Federal Poverty Level (FPL), states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

AL% of US Total

US#

US%

US% of US Total

Under 100% 352,100 48% 2% 19,933,800 41% 100%

100-138% 87,700 12% 1% 6,396,300 13% 100%

139-250% 177,800 24% 1% 11,869,700 24% 100%

251-399% 63,200 9% 1% 6,235,200 13% 100%

400%+ NSD NSD NSD 4,676,900 10% 100%

Total 733,100 100% 1% 49,111,900 100% 100%

Alabama: Nonelderly Uninsured

Alabama: Nonelderly Uninsured

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Gender, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

Female 337,200 46% 22,596,600 46%Male 395,800 54% 26,515,400 54%Total 733,100 100% 49,111,900 100%

Distribution of the Nonelderly Uninsured by Race/Ethnicity, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

AL% of US

Total

US#

US%

US% of US

Total

White 448,100 61% 2% 22,796,200 46% 100%

Black 197,400 27% 3% 7,514,400 15% 100%

Hispanic 64,200 9% <1% 15,094,200 31% 100%

Other NSD NSD NSD 3,707,100 8% 100%

Total 733,100 100% 1% 49,111,900 100% 100%

Uninsured Rates for the Nonelderly by Age, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

Children 102,900 9% 7,951,800 10%Adults 630,200 22% 41,160,200 22%Total 733,100 18% 49,111,900 18%

Alabama: Nonelderly Uninsured

Uninsured Rates for the Nonelderly by Family Work Status, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

At Least 1 Full Time Worker 403,900 14% 29,831,500 15%Part Time Workers 110,700 32% 7,688,700 31%Non Workers 218,500 30% 11,591,700 29%Total 733,100 18% 49,111,900 18%

Uninsured Rates for the Nonelderly by Federal Poverty Level (FPL), states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

Under 100% 352,100 36% 19,933,800 34%Under 139% 439,800 33% 26,330,200 34%139-250% 177,800 21% 11,869,700 24%251-399% 63,200 9% 6,235,200 12%400%+ NSD NSD 4,676,900 5%Total 733,100 18% 49,111,900 18%

Uninsured Rates for the Nonelderly by Gender, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

Female 337,200 16% 22,596,600 17%Male 395,800 20% 26,515,400 20%Total 733,100 18% 49,111,900 18%

Uninsured Rates for the Nonelderly by Race/Ethnicity, states (2009-2010), U.S. (2010)View 50-State Comparison

AL#

AL%

US#

US%

White 448,100 17% 22,796,200 14%Black 197,400 18% 7,514,400 22%Hispanic 64,200 39% 15,094,200 32%Other NSD NSD 3,707,100 19%Total 733,100 18% 49,111,900 18%

What is Alabama’s Health Ranking? Rating?

The figure below depicts the structure of the Rankings model; those having high ranks (e.g., 1 or 2) are estimated to be the “healthiest.”

The Next Couple of Slides Will Illustrate How Alabama Counties Rank in both Health Outcomes and Health Factors

Southeast Alabama has a concentration

of poorly ranked

counties in terms of health

outcomes

Northeast Alabama has a small cluster

of poorly ranked

counties in terms of health

outcomes

Health Ratings/Rankings have to do with health outcomes, health

indicators and even access to healthy foods

Southeast Alabama has a concentration

of poorly ranked

counties in terms of health

factors

Southwest Alabama has a small cluster

of poorly ranked

counties in terms of

health factors

ALABAMA

30+ Food Deserts = Healthy Food Access Problem

STATE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Alabama’s Business and Job outlook is not measuring up to

national average in terms of low wage jobs, business value by

race and by gender

BUSINESSES AND JOBS

CORPORATION FOR ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, (CFED) 2012

Census LEHD

It is evident there are clusters of jobs in the northern end of the state while the southern, eastern and even some areas of the western portion jobs are scarce

Alabama

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Upcoming map shows Alabama Workforce Investment areas

(WIAs)The slides that follow the map detail the exact labor profile for the various

WIAs

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AREAS (WIA) OF ALABAMA

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Source: US. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies

Legends

2010 Inflow/Outflow Analysis Alabama

Alabama is the nation’s third poorest state. Nearly 19 percent of Alabamians – and more than 27 percent of children – live below the poverty line. 

Source: Alabama Poverty Project

QUALITY OF LIFE STATS

Source: Census Bureau, 2010

Quality of Life Indicators Signal a Vulnerable Population Struggling to Meet Basic Needs

Source: Alabama Poverty Project

FACTS ABOUT ALABAMA

•More than 1 in 6 Alabamians live in poverty•17.5 percent of Alabamians live below the federal poverty line, which is $21,954 in household earnings for a family of four. US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates

•1 in 4 children in Alabama live in poverty.•24.6 percent of children live in households below the federal poverty line. US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates•2nd largest income gap•The gap between Alabama’s richest and poorest is the second largest in the nation. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities

•41.4 percent high school dropout rate•Alabama ranks 42nd in the nation in per capita income.  Nearly 60 percent of that wage gap can be attributed to our high school drop out rate, which was 41.4 percent in 2007. Southern Education Foundation

•2nd most obese, 4th most diabetic state•Alabama is the second most obese state in the country and has the fourth highest rate of diabetes among adults.  Trust for America’s Health; CDC 

•2nd hungriest state in the nation•25 percent of Alabamians experienced food hardship in 2010. Food Research and Action Center

EDUCATION

CORPORATION FOR ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, (CFED) 2012

STATE OF HOUSING

HOUSING & HOMEOWNERSHIP

CORPORATION FOR ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, (CFED) 2012

Source: American Community Survey, 2010

Source: American Community Survey, 2010

Quality Affordable Housing is Scarce

Quality Affordable Housing is Scarce because

~50% of Alabama housing stock was built between 1970-1999—3 decades..very few new homes built in

the last 10 years; This phenomenon speaks to the need for rehabilitation services and dilapidation that plagues

the area

Source: American Community Survey, 2010

Quality Affordable Housing is Scarce

With a large portion of the Alabamanians being elderly

and/or extremely low income, housing burdens and difficulty

locating “ affordable” housing is evitable, regardless of tenure

Source: Out of Reach 2012

Housing units with a mortgage

769,331 PERCENTLess than 20.0 percent 313,529 40.80%20.0 to 24.9 percent 117,330 15.30%25.0 to 29.9 percent 86,584 11.30%30.0 to 34.9 percent 58,183 7.60%35.0 percent or more 193,705 25.20%

Occupied units paying rent

468,359 PERCENT

Less than 15.0 percent 55,155 11.80%

15.0 to 19.9 percent 55,439 11.80%

20.0 to 24.9 percent 54,070 11.50%

25.0 to 29.9 percent 50,548 10.80%

30.0 to 34.9 percent 42,869 9.20%

35.0 percent or more 210,278 44.90%

HOUSING BURDEN BY TENUREHomeowners

Renters

Source: American Community Survey, 2010

RURAL HOUSING

Why is Affordable Housing in Rural Areas Difficult?

• Not as scalable as urban or suburban development

• Operating and construction costs are higher• Given the first two bullets hard to keep rents

and leases low and affordable

HOUSING PERMIT ISSUANCE IS STILL TAKING PLACE PRIMARILY

FOR SINGLE FAMILY AND MULTI-FAMILY UNITS

Are units being built in the areas in most need and for those in the

greatest need?

Quality Affordable Housing is Scarce

Occupied/Occupiable Housing Stock is being lost to Foreclosure

Homeowners Are Underwater

Source: Birmingham Business Journal, March 2012

•According to a recent report from CoreLogic Alabama residents with mortgages are still suffering. Report provides the following statistics:

•About 12 percent of Alabama properties with a mortgage were in negative equity – or underwater – in the fourth quarter.

•The report said the state had 43,431 negative equity mortgages in the quarter.

•Another 20,768 or 5.7 percent were near negative equity.

•At the national level, 22.8 percent of mortgages were underwater for the quarter.

There are about 36,000* tax delinquent properties for sale in

Alabama

Source: Alabama Department of Revenue, April 26, 2012

According to CoreLogic the number of Alabama homes in foreclosure is low and getting lower, but is still a problem

Birmingham Business Journal-March 29, 2012

Source: RealtyStore

AREAS WHERE FORECLOSURES ARE FOR SALE

However, foreclosure Heat Maps show that from January to March 2012 the number of foreclosures increased from

1,489 to 1,647

January 2012 Foreclosure Rate Heat Map

RealtyTrac, 2012

March 2012 Foreclosure Rate Heat Map

RealtyTrac, 2012

Next few slides illustrate relationships between

foreclosure filings and different variables as well as fluctuation in auctions and Real Estate Owned

(REOs)

RealtyTrac, 2012

Key spikes in total foreclosure filings occurred a little before May 2011, July 2011 and September 2011; Incremental growth seen from January 2012 to March 2012

Foreclosures and Home Price Appreciation

RealtyTrac, 2012

Foreclosures and Interest RatesDespite the fluctuations in foreclosure activity we see a steady decrease in interest rates from April 2011 to March 2012

RealtyTrac, 2012

Auction and Real Estate Owned Properties

Spikes in Auction properties seen in October 2011 and March 2012; Greatest number REOs seen October 2011 and between January-February 2012

Occupied/Occupiable Housing Stock is being lost to Natural

Disaster

APRIL 2011 TORNADOES CHANGED PEOPLE’S LIVES FOREVER

• THERE WERE A TOTAL OF 139 DEATHS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE TORNADOES IN CENTRAL ALABAMA ON APRIL 27TH.

• OF THOSE 139 DEATHS ON APRIL 27TH, 86 PEOPLE WERE KILLED INPERMANENT STRUCTURES, SUCH AS A HOME, FACTORY OR CHURCH. 46 WERE KILLED WHILE IN MANUFACTURED HOMES. 2 FATALITIES OCCURRED WHILE PEOPLE WERE STILL IN THEIR VEHICLES AND 2 OTHERS WHILE OUTDOORS.

• APRIL 27TH SAW 5 OF THE 10 LONGEST TORNADO TRACKS IN RECORDEDHISTORY.

• THERE WERE 247 DEATHS IN THE STATE OF ALABAMA ON APRIL 27TH. THIS RANKS AS THE SECOND DEADLIEST DAY IN ALABAMA BEHIND THE MARCH 1932 OUTBREAK WHEN 270 DIED.

Source: National Weather Service of Birmingham, August 2011

More Tornado Statistics

• Impacted 64% of Alabama counties; Tuscaloosa County and City of Tuscaloosa were severely impacted

• Older housing stock primarily built 1950 to 1970-single family homes, small to medium apartments and off campus student housing

• Approximately 5,144 housing units, 12.6% of the City’s total housing inventory of 40,872, were impacted by disaster.

• A preliminary estimate to repair damaged (3,904 units) and replace destroyed homes (1,240 units) is $224,319,552 or $43,608 per unit.

Source: Alabama Center for Real Estate-University of Alabama; August 2011

MASSIVE DEVASTATION: ENTIRE COMMUNITIES WERE WIPED OUT

NEIGHBORWORKS ALABAMA NETWORK PROFILE

TERRITORY

Health Factors and Indicators for Alabama show that there specific

counties which rank poorly in these areas

The Quality of Life for Alabama residents by county shows that

there are key pockets of poverty and low income areas; Children,

one of the most defenseless portions of the population are

suffering

STATE OF HOUSING

Housing Characteristics• Extremely old housing stock that needs

extensive repairs or in some cases needs to be demolished altogether

• Homeownership is still high, but in light of economic downturn and disasters trending towards increased renters

• Households are severely burdened regardless of tenure

• Occupancy

BEYOND HOMES IN DESPERATE NEED OF REHABILITATION SOME HOMES

PARTICULARLY IN RURAL AREAS ARE SUBSTANDARD I.E. NO PLUMBING AND JUST DEPLORABLE LIVING CONDITIONS

County outlook on foreclosures shows that between January-

March 2012 there was change in the propensity of foreclosure as

well as the counties most impacted

January 2012 Foreclosure Rate Heat Map

RealtyTrac, 2012

March 2012 Foreclosure Rate Heat Map

RealtyTrac, 2012

IMPACT OF TORNADOES

TORNADOES HAD A RIPPLE EFFECT. APRIL 2011 WAS DEVASTATING BUT THE IMPACT WAS FURTHER

COMPOUNDED BY MARCH 2012 FOR SOME PEOPLE WITH HOMES RECENTLY REBUILT BEING DESTROYED AGAIN OR THOSE NOT PREVIOUSLY IMPACTED BECOMING A VICTIM

TORNADOES (April 2011-March 2012) & NWOS

• CPS-Town Sumter county, Geiger got hit on April 15th-40% of homes were destroyed, large portion were trailers. Unfortunately they were not at that point declared a disaster area so residents in that were unable to get money from FEMA

• CAPNA Service Area-took out housing stock, displaced residences requiring some to migrate 40-50 miles to find housing; pre-storm affordable housing supply at 300 and post storm added additional 300 making the total shortage 600

• NHS-Obliterated Centerpoint Elementary School along with 400 homes

NeighborWorks Alabama Network

Strengths

•Housing counseling

•Foreclosure mitigation

•Home maintenance

•Developer side-largest in the state. assessing areas of needs and making homeownership or creating a development that provides a pathway to affordable housing.

•Services Would Like to Offer

• Broader scale homeownership initiative

•Single family housing development

•Rural housing initiative

•Capital lending-making mortgages

•Economic Loss• Population Drift

• Unemployment Higher than Usual

• Median Income is dropping

Homeownership & Home Purchases

• Home Ownership support– 40% occupants are house burden; 35% home owners and 5% renters– Average Mortgage is $255; median mortgage is $200 and high is

$2,700– Morgan county accounts for most of the mortgage foreclosures

• Home Purchases– Climbing for Morgan and Cullman County; slight decline in Lawrence

County– Affordable housing deficit for Morgan and Cullman County; median

house cost ~$105,000

Source: CAPNA October 2011 Market Analysis

•Pickens County-Weatherizatioin services• Greene County-2008 33, single family detached homes and health facility plus weatherization & foreclosure prevention• Selma-Dallas County-contracted someone to manage housing development

Strengths

•Good Reputation in the Community

•Political Connections

•Community Building and Organizing

Services Would Like to Offer

 Prisoner Re-Entry

 CDFI Status

 Resources and Education for Minority Contractors

 

Unique about the service area, richest counties though, then have 2nd poorest county which is Greene county.

*Though one county is the service area, technically the coverage area is the entire state

Strengths•Only homeownership center in the state• Counseling and education•Foreclosure prevention to a greater number of clients than any other places in the state.• Incredibly skilled staff•Licensed contractor and attorney. •Been around 40 years. •Staple in our community

  

Services Would Like to Offer

Housing Development

Lending

Economic Loss in Service Area

Financial Institution Mass Layoffs

Debt Crisis and Sewer Issues & Bankruptcy

Jefferson County job loss ~1,000+

WHERE ARE THE GAPS?

Organizations Aspire to Offer More Services Such as Those Below, But Need More

Capacity• Housing Development• Lending-CDFI• Small Business development• Homeownership Counseling• Resources for Rural Affordable Housing; Rural

Housing Initiative• Capital Lending

What is the Ideal Alabama In Terms of Affordable Housing?

• “we have a cohesive program policies around housing, trust fund that will identify affordable housing in Alabama. identifying the gaps especially with the elderly. they have a safe place to live. transcends across the state and we have eradicated the substandard housing.”

• “would have an affordable housing clearinghouse that included wrap around services.”

• “any family that wanted to own their home could approach a community based organization that could help them from beginning to end. they will realize the dream of homeownership. wouldn’t have to go through layer after layer.”

• “development of smaller affordable housing properties in rural areas that are not serviced by anyone right now.”

OBSTACLES TO THE IDEAL ALABAMA• LACK OF RESOURCES

• LACK OF POLITICAL WILL

• LACK OF HOUSING POLICY; HOUSING TRUST FUND BILL GETTING PASSED

• OBTAINING CLEAR TITLES

• LAND ACQUISITION-AIR PROPERTY

• LACK OF A COHESIVE PLAN

• NEED FOR MORE PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS WITH “ON THE GROUND” ORGANIZATIONS

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS• MANY AREAS WITHIN THE ALABAMA NETWORK WOULD CONSTITUTE

“UNDERSERVED”• ALABAMA IS STRUGGLING SOCIO ECONOMICALLY AND ALL OF THE CDCS SEE

OPPORTUNITIES FOR HOW THEY CAN INCREASE THEIR CAPACITY AND THUS EXPAND THEIR SERVICES TO THEIR CLIENTS. GIVEN THE SHRINKING RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND THE TREMENDOUS ALABAMA CDC STRENGTH, ESTABLISHING A STRATEGIC COLLABORATIVE THAT INCLUDES THE ALABAMA NEIGHBORWORKS NETWORK AS WELL AS THE OTHER CDCS WOULD HELP EXPEDITE AND STRENGTHEN ANY INITIATIVE AROUND IMPROVING THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING SCARCITY

• RURAL AFFORDABLE HOUSING IS AN AREA THAT REQUIRES A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF ATTENTION. LEVERAGE NEIGHBORWORKS NETWORK INTELLIGENCE FROM OTHER STATES COULD BE ONE OF MANY WAYS TO ADDRESS THIS PROBLEM

• ORGANIZING A STATE MEETING WITH PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND THE KEY INTERMEDIARIES AND FOUNDATIONS IN ALABAMA WOULD HELP DRIVE A STATE AGENDA AROUND AFFORDABLE HOUSING. SUCH AN EFFORT MAY ALSO AID IN THE PASSING OF SOME HOUSING POLICY THAT WOULD IMPROVE CURRENT UNCONSCIONABLE LIVING CONDITIONS MANY ALABAMANIANS ARE EXPERIENCING

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS• FAHE’S BACK OFFICE SERVICES WOULD BE A GREAT ASSET TO ALABAMA

ESPECIALLY GIVEN SOME OF THE CHALLENGES AROUND CLEAR TITLE AND LENDING THAT WERE EXPRESSED BY PRACTITIONERS

• ESTABLISHING AN ALABAMA COLLABORATIVE WOULD BENEFIT THE STATE AND CURRENT CHALLENGES OF THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING. WHILE ALL PARTIES SEEM OPEN TO AN COLLABORATIVE IT IS CLEAR THAT IN ORDER FOR SUCH AN COLLABORATIVE TO BE EFFECTIVE CLEAR TERMS NEED TO BE LAID OUT. THE COLLABORATIVE MUST INCLUDE MOUS AND ENSURE THAT THE ARRANGEMENT IS NOT ONLY BENEFICIAL TO THE STATE BUT THAT COLLABORATIVE PARTIES ARE ABLE TO LEVERAGE THEIR ORGANIZIATIONAL STRENGTHS WITHOUT FEELING LIKE THEY ARE “GIVING AWAY THEIR CLIENTS TO A COMPETITOR”

• BEYOND THE AGREEMENT THE COLLABORATIVE SHOULD HAVE A DOCUMENT DETAILING HOW THE COLLECTIVE GROUP WILL WORK TOGETHER. A GOOD INFORMATION SHARING MODEL TO CONSIDER IS FAHE’S CAUCAUSES WHICH AFFORDS MEMBERS TO ROUTINELY SHARE INFORMATION AND LEVERAGE EACH OTHER’S CAPACITY TO MAKE AN IMPACT

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• OTHER OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING THE AFFORDABILITY SCARCITY WOULD BE– COMMUNITY LAND TRUSTS-SOME INDIVIDUALS

ARE MEMBERS OF OR IN CONVERSATION WITH THE NATIONAL COMMUNITY LAND TRUST COLLABORATIVE

– LAND BANKING

APPENDIX

Additional Resources• Food Desert Locator. http://www.ers.usda.gov/dat

a/fooddesert/fooddesert.html• National Community Land Trust.

http://www.cltnetwork.org/index.php?fuseaction=Main.MemberList

• Land Bank Authorities. http://www.lisc.org/content/publications/detail/793

• Real Estate and Housing Data. http://www.acre.cba.ua.edu/