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MMISSIONStatement
TTABLE OFContents
Mission Statement
General Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 1
• Alloy Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 1
Corrosion Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 2
Pitting Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4
• Effect of pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5
• Galvanic Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5
• Intergranular Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5
• Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6
Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7
Welding Stainless Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 8
• Why “Over Alloy” AL-6XN Alloy Weld Areas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 8
Orbital Welding Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 9
• Autogenous (Without Filler) Welding for AL-6XN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 10
AL-6XN Alloy Product Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11
• Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11
• Standard Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12
• Standard Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 13
• Sanitary Butt-Weld Pipe Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 20
• Flow Transfer Panels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 22
• Jacketed Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 24
Corrosion Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 25
It is now possible to extend the life of system
components that may experience problems with
chloride induced corrosion by using AL-6XN®
alloy sanitary tubing and fittings as supplied by
Central States Industrial Equipment & ServiceInc. AL-6XN Alloy is a “superaustenitic” low
carbon stainless steel containing chromium,
nickel, molybdenum, and nitrogen (Table I).
AL-6XN alloy is metallurgically stable to 1000°F
(540°C) and has no phase transformation even
after extensive deformation. Long term expo-
sure in the temperature range of 1200 - 1800º F
(650 - 1000º C) may result in the formation of
chi phase (sometimes incorrectly called sigma
phase) along the grain boundaries. Chi phase
may adversely affect corrosion resistance; and
therefore, should be avoided. Nitrogen is
added to the alloy to minimize chi phase forma-
tion, to improve its corrosion resistance,
increase its strength over a broad
temperature range, and to retain the
good formability of austenitic stain-
less steel. AL-6XN alloy has a face-
centered cubic crystal structure simi-
lar to other austenitic stainless
steels. The AL-6XN alloy
is non-magnetic, and its
magnetic permeability
remains low even after
severe cold forming.
1
Table I: Chemical Composition of AL-6XN Alloy
Element Typical Allowable
Carbon 0.02 0.03 maximum
Manganese 0.40 2.00 maximum
Phosphorus 0.020 0.040 maximum
Sulfur 0.001 0.030 maximum
Silicon 0.40 1.00 maximum
Chromium 20.5 20.00 / 22.00
Nickel 24.00 23.50 / 25.50
Molybdenum 6.20 6.00 / 7.00
Nitrogen 0.22 0.18 / 0.25
Copper 0.2 0.75
Iron Balance Balance
GGENERALProperties
Alloy Development:The 18% Chromium-8% Nickel austenitic stainless steels, commonly known as 304 S/S, have a long
service history in mildly corrosive industrial conditions. Over the years the corrosion resistance, weld-
ability and strength of the austenitic alloys were improved by changing the basic chemical composition
to meet more demanding applications.
• Molybdenum was added to improve corrosion resistance in chloride environments.
• Carbon was reduced to minimize sensitization during welding.
• Nitrogen was added to compensate for the reduced strength of the “L” grades, improve phase stability
and, together with chromium and molybdenum, improve pitting resistance.
• Chromium was increased to improve oxidation resistance.
• Nickel was added to stabilize the austenitic crystal structure and, at higher contents, improve stress-
corrosion cracking resistance and general corrosion resistance in reducing environments.
2
AL-6XN alloy has exceptional chloride corrosion resistance to pitting,
crevice and stress corrosion cracking; and, excellent general corrosion
resistance to various acid, alkali and salt solutions. The nitrogen addition
retards the formation of chi phase during manufacturing and field welding. Chromium provides good
resistance to oxidizing environments and, together with the high molybdenum and nitrogen levels,
improves the resistance to chloride pitting and crevice corrosion. High levels of nickel, molybdenum and
nitrogen also provide excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking up to 450º F (230º C).
In contrast to other forms of corrosion,
general corrosion is rather predictable.
The uniform attack of an entire area
exposed to a corrosive media usually is
expressed as an average loss-of-metal-
thickness over a given period of time
and is expressed in units such as mils
(0.001 inch) per year, or mpy. The following criteria (Table II) are general guidelines for selecting alloys
resistant to general corrosion. This does not apply to pitting, crevice or stress corrosion cracking.
Table III compares the immersion corrosion resistance,
conducted in accordance with ASTM G-31, of five alloys in
eight different boiling acid and alkali solutions. These data
illustrate the performance of the alloys in a variety of envi-
ronments and do not necessarily simulate a particular
process or industry environment.
CCORROSIONResistance
Table II: Corrosion Rate Rating Reference
Corrosion Rate Rating Applications
<5 mpy Excellent Very Critical
5-20 mpy Satisfactory Critical
20-50 mpy Marginal Non-critical
>50 mpy Poor None
Table III: Corrosion Resistance in Boiling Solutions
Rate ASTM G-31 Corrosion Rate in Mils Per Year (mm/y)
Test Solution (Boiling) Type 316L Type 317L Alloy 904L AL-6XN Alloy 276
20% Acetic Acid 0.12 (0.003) 0.48 (0.01) 0.59 (0.02) 0.12 (0.003) 0.48 (0.01)
45% Formic Acid 23.41 (0.60) 18.37 (0.47) 7.68 (0.20) 2.40 (0.06) 2.76 (0.07)
10% Oxalic Acid 44.90 (1.23) 48.03 (1.14) 27.13 (0.69) 7.32 (0.19) 11.24 (0.28)
20% Phosphoric Acid 0.60 (0.02) 0.72 (0.02) 0.47 (0.01) 0.24 (0.006) 0.36 (0.009)
10% Sodium Bisulfate 71.57 (1.82) 55.76 (1.42) 8.88 (0.23) 4.56 (0.12) 2.64 (0.07)
50% Sodium Hydroxide 77.69 (1.92) 32.78 (0.83) 9.61 (0.24) 11.4 (0.29) 17.77 (0.45)
10% Sulfamic Acid 124.3 (3.16) 93.26 (2.39) 9.13 (0.23) 9.36 (0.24) 2.64 (0.067)
10% Sulfuric Acid 645.7 (16.15) 298.3 (7.58) 100.8 (2.53) 71.9 (1.83) 13.93 (0.35)
3
Probably the most important characteristic of a
stainless steel alloy exposed to chloride containing
solutions is its resistance to pitting and crevice
attack. The pitting resistance of an austenitic
stainless steel may be correlated to alloy com-
position in terms of the Pitting ResistanceEquivalent Number. PREN = %Cr + 3.3(%Mo)
+ 16(%N); where chromium, molybdenum and
nitrogen are in weight percent. Increasing the
molybdenum in the alloy produces greater
resistance to pitting. Therefore, high
molybdenum-high chromium alloys generally
provide the best pitting resistance. Figure 1shows the relationship of pitting, molybdenum
content, pH, and chloride content.
Duplicate samples were exposed to various corrosion environments for five, 48-hour periods to
determine the average corrosion rates. Table IV compares the same alloys tested in standard
ASTM solutions.
Table IV: Corrosion Resistance in Standard ASM Tests
Figure 1
Pitting corrosion
relationship as a
function of
Chloride, pH,
and molybdenum
contents.
Rate ASTM G-31 Corrosion Rate in Mils Per Year (mm/y)
Test Solution (Boiling) Type 316L Type 317L Alloy 904L AL-6XN Alloy 276
Practice B (Fe2(SO4)3-H2SO4) 25.81 (0.656) 20.58 (0.523) 14.04 (0.357) 15.35 (0.390) 262.2 (6.66)
Practice C (65% HNO3) 22.12 (0.562) 19.51 (0.496) 15.23 (0.387) 26.2 (0.666) 900.1 (22.86)
Practice E (Cu-CuSO4-H2SO4) PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS
Practice F (Cu-CuSO4-H2SO4) 106.0 (2.69) 99.0 (2.51) 91.8 (2.33) 74.2 (1.88) 275.5 (7.00)
The Critical Pitting Temperature
(CPT) is the solution tempera-
ture at which pitting is first
observed. As shown in Table V,
the CPT’s of several stainless
alloys were tested in accor-
dance with ASTM G-48B, ASTM
G-48A and in a test solution
containing 4% NaCl +1% Fe3 (SO4)3+0.01 M HCl. When compared to the other alloys in these tests,
AL-6XN alloy demonstrated a significantly greater resistance to pitting.
Product
Another important consideration is the chloride
pitting potential of stainless steel. This is an
indication of the susceptibility of the alloy to local-
ized corrosion. If the potential is more positive,
the chances of pitting are reduced. Figure 2indicates that the chloride pitting resistance of
AL-6XN alloy is far superior to Type
316L stainless steel. These data were
obtained from anodic polarization tests
conducted in accordance with ASTM
G-61 at a scan rate of 1.2V/hr.
Crevice corrosion is another form of localized
corrosion that occurs when the corroding metal
is in close contact with anything that makes a
tight crevice. Crevice corrosion is usually the first to occur and is predictable as to when and where it
will take place. Like pitting, the presence of chlorides makes the reaction proceed at a fast rate. There
is a “critical crevice corrosion temperature” (CCCT) below which corrosion will not occur. Figure 3 (page
5) is a plot of the PREN versus CCCT and metallurgical category. The greater the difference between
the CCCT and the operating temperature, the greater the probability that crevice corrosion will occur.
4
AL-6XN
316L
Test Temperature (°C)
25° C 50° C 70° C 90° C
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Pit
tin
g P
ote
nti
al
(V)
Figure 2
Pitting Potential in 3.5%
NaCl Solutions.
Table V: Critical Pitting Temperatures
1 Based on ASTM G-48B (6% FeCl3 for 72 hours with crevices)
2 Based on ASTM G-48A (6% FeCl3 for 72 hours)
3 Test Solution: 4% NaCl +1%Fe3(SO4)3 + 0.01M HCl
PPITTINGPotential
CCREVICECorrosion
CCCT1 CPT2 CPT3
°C °F °C °F °C °F
°C 304 <27.5 <-2.5
316 27.5 2.5 59 15
317 35 1.7 66 18.9 77 25
904L 68 20 104 40 113 45
AL-6XN 110 43 177 80.5 172 78
Effect of pHIncreasing the acidity, or decreasing the pH, of a solution beyond a certain value may
result in a dramatic increase in the general corrosion rate. The point at which this occurs
is referred to as the depassivation pH, above which the rate is low and below which the
rate is high. Corrosion rates in an acidified 3.5% sodium chloride solution at
room temperature for austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and
AL-6XN alloy show that the AL-6XN alloy is the most resistant of the
alloys and it does not appreciably increase until the solution pH falls
below 0.3.
Galvanic CompatibilityUnless a system is constructed entirely from AL-6XN alloy precautions must be taken to avoid galvanic
corrosion. Predicting the galvanic interaction of a couple is more complex than simply comparing free
corrosion potentials in a given environment, such as the standard galvanic series in seawater. AL-6XN
alloy is less likely to corrode in seawater than conventional stainless steels. In addition, the corrosion
potentials for the common stainless steels are significantly lower when passive than when they are
actively corroding.
Intergranular CorrosionIntergranular corrosion occurs in suscepti-
ble alloys along the grain boundaries. All
metals are composed of randomly oriented
small grains. When these random grains
meet, a mismatch occurs. This mismatch is
called a grain boundary. The grains are
extremely small, about 1,000 grain bound-
aries intersecting a one-inch (25 mm) line
on the surface. Grain boundaries are
regions of high energy. Therefore, chemical
or metallurgical reactions usually occur
here before occurring within the grains. The
most common example is formation of
chromium carbide in the heat-affected zone
(HAZ) of higher carbon stainless steel dur-
ing welding. These carbides form along the
grain boundaries. Because the carbides
require more chromium than is locally avail-
able, the carbon takes chromium from the
area around the carbon. This leaves the
grain boundary zone low in chromium and
5
Figure 3
Critical
crevice
corrosion
temperature
as a function
of the PRE
number.
PRE-Number = %CR + 3.3(%Mo) + 16(%N)
Cri
tica
l C
revic
e T
emper
ature
(°C
) P
er A
ST
M G
-48
creates a new, low chromium alloy in that
region. Now there is a mismatch in galvanic
potential between the base metal and the grain
boundary; so, galvanic corrosion begins. As the
grain boundaries corrode, the grain and the
chromium carbides drop out as so many parti-
cles of rusty sand. The surface of the metal
develops a “sugary” appearance.
Intergranular corrosion also can occur when-
ever intermetallic compounds such as chi or
sigma phase form. Note that these are com-
pounds, not a random mixture or alloy. These
compounds usually form when some type of
heating occurs, such as welding, heat treatment
or metal fabrication. Understanding how they
form makes it relatively easy to control their for-
mation. Since AL-6XN alloy has low carbon,
chromium carbide formation usually is not a
problem. However, chi phase may be a prob-
lem as it forms when the weld metal cools after
welding, especially in the heat affected zone, if
heat treatment is improperly performed, or if the
alloy is held for a short time in the
1200 - 1800º F (650 - 1000º C)
range.
6
Table VI: ASME & ASTM Specifications
Specification
ASME ASTM
Plate, Sheet & Strip SB-688 A 240/B 688
Rod, Bar & Wire SB-691 B-691
Welded Pipe SB-675/SA-312 B 675/A 312
Heat Exchanger Tubing SA-249 A-249
Sanitary Tubing A-270
Welded Tube (General Applications) SB-676 B-676
Seamless Pipe & Tube SB-690/SB-829 B 690/B 829
Billets and Bars for Reforging B-472
Forged Pipe Flanges, Fittings & Valves B-462
Wrought Nickel Alloy Welded Fittings SB-366 B-366
Nickel Alloy Forgings SB-564 B-564
Pipe Welded w/ Filler SB-804 B-804
Castings A-743
(CN-3MN, UNS J94651) A-744
Product
SpecificationsThe American Society for Mechanical Engineers’ (ASME) and American
Society for Testing and Materials’ (ASTM) specifications for the wide
range of AL-6XN alloy forms are listed in Table VI. AL-6XN alloy is
approved for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code construction
(Section VIII Div. 1) as Code Case 1997.
The U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) have
approved the use of AL-6XN alloy in contact with foods.
The physical properties of AL-6XN alloy are
similar to those of other austenitic stainless
steels (Table VIII). The elastic modulus values
of AL-6XN alloy are lower than those for Type
316L and Alloy 625. However, these moduli are
high in comparison to such non-ferrous alloys
as titanium. The thermal conductivity and coef-
ficient of expansion values are lower than those
for Type 316L but are higher than Alloy 625.
Typical physical properties of AL-6XN alloy are
presented in Table IX (page 8).
The ASME allowable stress values for many AL-6XN alloy product forms are listed in Table VII.Allowable stress values for plate, sheet and welded products are substantially higher than those for the
common stainless steels; therefore, offering substantial savings through reduced pipe and tube thick-
nesses when using AL-6XN alloy.
Elastic Modulus Thermal Conductivity @ 212 °F Expansion Coefficient from 77 to 212 °F
psi x 106 Gpa Btu/hr · ft · °F W/mK 10-6/°F 10-6/°C
Type 316L 29.0 200 9.2 16.0 8.5 17.3
C-276 29.8 205 6.4 9.9 6.2 11.2
C-22® 29.9 206 6.5 10.2 6.9 12.4
Titanium 15.0 103 9.5 16.4 5.0 9.1
Alloy 904L 28.3 195 7.6 13.2 8.3 15.0
AL-6XN 28.3 195 6.8 11.8 8.5 15.3
Alloy 625 29.7 205 6.2 10.7 7.1 12.8
Nickel 200 30.0 207 38.8 67.1 7.4 13.4
7
Table VIII: Comparison of Physical Properties
Alloy
PPHYSICALProperties
Welded Pipe & Tube
For Metal Temperature Not
Exceeding
Table VII: ASME Broiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Div 1 Code Case 1997
* These higher stress values were established at temperatures where short time tensile properties govern to permit usage where
slightly greater deformation is acceptable. Use of these stress values may result in dimensional changes and are not recommended
for flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction.
Plate, Sheet, Strip,
Seamless Pipe & Tube
Maximum Allowable Design Stress Values (ksi)
°F °C
200 93 26 26 22.1 22.1
300 149 24.3 24.5* 20.6 20.8*
400 204 22.7 23.5* 19.2 19.9*
500 260 20.9 22.8* 17.7 19.3*
600 316 19.9 22.3* 16.9 18.9*
700 371 19.3 22.1* 16.4 18.7*
750 399 18.7 21.8* 15.8 18.5*
800 427 18.4 21.7* 15.6 18.4*
• Use alloy weld rings as the filler metal for orbital welding in the field. For other welds, use weld rings or
wire. The filler alloy must have higher molybdenum content than the AL-6XN alloy to compensate for
alloy dilution on cooling. Typically Alloy C-22® (13% Mo) is used. If Alloy C-22 is not available, Alloy
625 (9% Mo) or Alloy C-276 (15% Mo) may be substituted. (Table X - Page 9)• Use inert gas for both the welding and shielding gas. Either helium or argon may be used, although
argon is more commonly used. To compensate for nitrogen that may be lost from the alloy during
welding, 3-5% nitrogen may be added to both the torch and shielding gas.
• Minimize the heat tint on the tubing and
weld, no darker than a light straw color.
A silver weld and heat-affected zone
are the best. Any darker weld heat
tints must be removed before placing in
service. Dark blue heat and black tints
are the most susceptible to corrosion.
Remove these tints using aluminum
oxide grit followed by acid cleaning/
passivation. A poorly cleaned surface
may be just as susceptible to attack as
the original heat tint.
• Do not preheat the weld unless the
material is below 50º F (10º C).
When temperature of the metal is
below the dew point, allow it to warm
above the condensation temperature
to prevent moisture condensate on
the surface. Remember: moisture
causes heat tint.
• Start the weld within the area to be
welded. If that is impossible, grind
the ignition point after welding to
remove it completely.
Why “Over Alloy”
AL-6XN Alloy Weld Areas?Over alloy because of two words: Intergranular Corrosion. Although AL-6XN alloy is classified as a
single-phase alloy, when it is melted -- as in welding -- it will solidify as a three-phase alloy: austenite,
chi phase and delta ferrite.
Chi phase, a chromium-iron-molybdenum compound, depletes the grain boundary in molybdenum and
chromium, which reduces corrosion resistance, and delta ferrite has poor corrosion resistance. When
over-alloyed by using weld insert rings, the alloy balance, and therefore corrosion resistance, of the weld
is equal to or better than the base alloy.
8
WWELDINGAL-6XN Alloy
Table IX: Comparison of Physical Properties
Property Value Units
0.291 lb/in3
8.06 g/cm3
28.3 X 106 psi
195 GPa
2410 to 2550 °F
1320 to 1400 °C
Thermal Conductivity
68 to 212 °F 6.8 Btu/hr · ft · °F
20 to 100 °C 11.8 W/mK
Coefficient of Expansion
68 to 212 °F 8.5 10-6 °F
10 to 100 °C 15.3 10-6 °C
0.11 Btu/lb · °F
500 J/kg · K
535 Ohm · circ mil/ft
0.89 µ m
Magnetic Permeability
Fully Annealed 0.5” Plate
65 % Cold-Worked Plate
1885 °F
1030 °C
Density
Modulus of Elasticity
Melting Range
Specific Heat Capacity
Electrical Resistivity
1.0028
1.0028Oersted
(µ at 200H)
Sealing Temperature
ClassificationsSpecificationsFiller Metal
Alloy
Bare Welding
Rods and WireTIGGTAW
Bare Welding
Rods and WireMIGGMAW
Welding Process Designations
Weld AppearanceAL-6XN alloy is easily welded using similar weld parameters as Type 316L stainless steel, including
travel speed (RPM) and weld current. When using weld ring inserts, simply place the weld ring between
the two sections to be welded and fusion weld as usual. The weld current must be increased slightly to
compensate for the increased thickness of material contributed by the insert ring.
Weld appearance can be somewhat misleading. Welds in both shop controlled environments and field
installation applications have shown symptoms of “white” and “dark” spots both inside and outside on the
welds. The heat affected zone is generally darker than conventional 316L stainless steel welds as well.
In an effort to identify the discoloration and impact of such on the integrity of AL-6XN welds, the
following analytical techniques were performed:
• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine what the surface “looks like” and to determine
those areas for evaluation with microprobe analysis.
• Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), sometimes called microprobe analysis, to determine the
approximate composition of any areas in question.
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to determine the molecular composition of areas or compounds
present and to provide light element detection.
• Accelerated corrosion testing in a modified ASTM G 48 solution to identify areas of potential
corrosion attack.
Summary of Results1) The weld discoloration does not appear to have an effect on the corrosion resistance of the weld,
and removal of the discoloration does not seem to be a requirement for good field performance.
2) Most of the discoloration observed originates from inclusions in the steel that are melted during weld-
ing and concentrated as slag on the weld. They have their origin in the steel making process or
enter as tramp elements from the scrap used to make up the alloy.
3) It appears that little, if anything, can be done during the welding operation to eliminate the discol-
oration since it comes from the steel itself.
9
Table X: Consumables for Welding Stainless
Coating
Electrodes
Stick or
Covered
Electrodes
SMW
Consumables
AWS COMMON FORM AWS ASME AWS UNS
625 A5.14 SFA5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 NO6625
276 A5.14 SFA5.14 ERNiCrMo-4 N10276
22 A5.14 SFA5.14 ERNiCrMo-10 N06022
625 A5.14 SFA5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 NO6625
276 A5.14 SFA5.14 ERNiCrMo-4 N10276
22 A5.14 SFA5.14 ERNiCrMo-10 N06022
112 A5.11 SFA5.11 ERNiCrMo-3 W86112
276 A5.11 SFA5.11 ERNiCrMo-4 W80276
22 A5.11 SFA5.11 ERNiCrMo-10 W86022
Orbital welding equipment consists of a solid-state DC power supply, associated cables and an enclosed
weld head. The weld head contains an internal rotor that holds
the tungsten electrode. This allows the electrode to rotate
around the work and to make the weld. The 115V VAC
portable power supply controls the entire weld sequence start-
ing with the inert-gas pre-purge, the arc strike, rotation delay,
rotational speed (RPM), and multiple timed levels of welding
current with pulsation. This is followed by a down-slope that
gradually terminates the current, and a postpurge to prevent
oxidation of the heated material. These weld parameters are
dialed into the power supply from a weld schedule sheet and
are determined from test welds made on matching samples.
Fusion welding, using automatic orbital TIG welding equipment,
is practical for tubing or small diameter pipe in sizes from 1/8
inch (3mm) OD tubing to 6” schedule 10 pipe with wall thick-
ness up to 0.154 inch (4 mm) wall.
4) The white or silver areas on both surfaces of the weld are areas free from oxides or nitrides. They
represent clean surfaces.
5) The dark areas are composed of a mixture of oxides, silicates and nitrides. They seem to come
from the inclusions in the steel and possibly from the partial decomposition of the oxides in the slag.
They appear to be stable and not attacked by the very aggressive corrosion test.
Autogenous (Without Filler) Welding for AL-6XN AlloyAutogenous welding may be used with the following precautions:
• Use 3 to 5 volume percent nitrogen in the shielding gas, and a post-weld anneal above 2150°F
(1180°C) followed by rapid cooling and pickling if a protective annealing atmosphere is not used.
• The duration of anneal, at least five minutes at temperature, must be sufficient to
re-homogenize the weld segregation and to dissolve any chi phase.
• The G48-B crevice test may be use to assess the quality of autogenously welded and annealed
AL-6XN alloy.
In many applications, a post-weld anneal and pickle may not be possible, as in large vessel fabrication
or field welding of piping systems. In these cases, the exposure conditions must be carefully reviewed
to determine if autogenous welds are satisfactory. Autogenous AL-6XN alloy welds are more resistant
to corrosion than similar welds in Types 316L, 317L and 904L. Such autogenous AL-6XN alloy welds
have a corrosion resistance approximately the same as that of Alloy 904L base metal and superior to
that of Types 316L and 317L base metal.
10
OORBITALWelding Equipment
11
AAL-6XNAlloy Tubing
CSI Part Number Size Finish ID/OD
T6XN-0.5X.065-W-PL 1/2 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-0.75X.065-W-PL 3/4 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-1.0X.065-W-PL 1 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-1.5X.065-W-PL 1 1/2 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-2.0X.065-W-PL 2 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-2.5X.065-W-PL 2 1/2 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-3.0X.065-W-PL 3 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-4.0X.065-W-PL 4 20Ra/32Ra
T6XN-0.5X.065-W-PU 1/2 mill/bright anneal
T6XN-0.75X.065-W-PU 3/4 mill/bright anneal
T6XN-1.0X.065-W-PU 1 mill/bright anneal
T6XN-1.5X.065-W-PU 1 1/2 mill/bright anneal
T6XN-2.0X.065-W-PU 2 mill/bright anneal
T6XN-2.5X.065-W-PU 2 1/2 mill/bright anneal
T6XN-3.0X.065-W-PU 3 mill/bright anneal
T6XN-4.0X.083-W-PU 4 mill/bright anneal
SpecificationsIn compliance with ASTM
A270/A249/B676 and ASME
SA249/SB676
ASTM corrosion tested to G28
practice A
• Full Line Stencil on Tube OD
• Plastic Sleeved & Capped on
Polished ID & OD Tubing
• Lengths in 20’-0” (+1/4”, -0)
Size (Tube OD)
1/2
3/4
1
1 1/2
2
3
4
Materials Available: Alloy 625
Hastelloy® C22®
Weld Insert
Rings
12
Nominal OD
Size (inches)
OD
Tolerance
Center to
Face
Tolerance
Min. Length
of Straight
Tangent
Perpendicularity
of Face to
Tangent
Squareness of
Elbow or Tee
Branches
Wall
Thickness
Wall
Thickness
Tolerance*
1/2 ± .005 ± .050 1.50 0.005 90° ± 1° 0.065
3/4 ± .005 ± .050 1.50 0.005 90° ± 1° 0.065
1 ± .005 ± .050 1.50 0.008 90° ± 1° 0.065 +.005/-.008
1 1/2 ± .008 ± .050 1.50 0.008 90° ± 1° 0.065
2 ± .008 ± .050 1.50 0.008 90° ± 1° 0.065
3 ± .010 ± .050 1.75 0.016 90° ± 1° 0.065
4 ± .015 ± .050 2.00 0.016 90° ± 1° 0.083 +.008/-.010
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) has prepared a standard intended for design,
materials, construction, inspection, and testing of vessels, piping and related accessories such as
pumps, valves and fittings for use in the biopharmaceutical industry, referred to as ASME BPE.
This catalog does not intend to address criteria in the BPE specification. The items offered within this
catalog are in accordance with ASME BPE dimensions and tolerances.
(UNS NO8367)
SSTTANDARDTolerances
* Mechanical polish
B14AM-Size-AL6XN
Tri Clamp® Ferrule - Long
Size (Tube OD) A
1/2 1.750
3/4 1.750
1 1.750
1 1/2 1.750
2 2.250
3 2.250
4 2.250
13
SSTTANDARDItems
14WMPS-Size-AL6XN
Tri Clamp Ferrule - Short
Size (Tube OD) A
1/2 0.500
3/4 0.500
1 0.500
1 1/2 0.500
2 0.500
3 0.500
4 0.625
14MPW-Size-AL6XN
Tri Clamp Ferrule - Heavy Wall
Size (Tube OD) A B C
1 1.625 0.870 1.160
1 1/2 1.625 1.370 1.676
2 1.750 1.870 2.192
3 1.813 2.870 3.224
4 2.125 3.834 4.256
A
A
A
B C
BPE-DT-22
B2KMP-Size-AL6XN
45° Tri Clamp Ell
Size (Tube OD) A
1 1.125
1 1/2 1.483
2 1.750
3 2.375
4 3.125
B2KS-Size-AL6XN
45° Weld Ell
Size (Tube OD) A
1/2 2.250
3/4 2.250
1 2.250
1 1/2 2.500
2 3.000
3 3.625
4 4.500
14
B2S-Size-AL6XN
90° Weld Ell
Size (Tube OD) A
1/2 3.000
3/4 3.000
1 3.000
1 1/2 3.750
2 4.750
3 6.250
4 8.000
A
A
A
A
A
A
BPE-DT-7
BPE-DT-8
BPE-DT-17
45°
45°
15
B7WWW-Size-AL6XN
Weld Tee
Size (Tube OD) A
1/2 1.875
3/4 2.000
1 2.125
1 1/2 2.375
2 2.875
3 3.375
4 4.125
B2CMP-Size-AL6XN
90° Tri Clamp Ell
Size (Tube OD) A
1 2.000
1 1/2 2.750
2 3.500
3 5.000
4 6.625
B2CMW-Size-AL6XN
90° Tri Clamp X Weld Ell
Size (Tube OD) A B
1 3.000 2.000
1 1/2 3.750 2.750
2 4.750 3.500
3 6.250 5.000
4 8.000 6.625
A
A
B
A
A
A
BPE-DT-16
BPE-DT-12
BPE-DT-9
B7RWWW-Size-AL6XN
Reducing Tee
Size (Tube OD) A B
1 1/2 x 1 2.375 2.375
2 x 1 2.875 2.625
2 x 1 1/2 2.875 2.625
3 x 1 3.375 3.125
3 x 1 1/2 3.375 3.125
3 x 2 3.375 3.125
4 x 1 1/2* 4.125 3.625
4 x 2 4.125 3.875
4 x 3 4.125 3.875
BPE-DT-10
* Non-Stocked Item
16
B7WWMS-Size-AL6XN
Short Outlet Tee
Size (Tube OD) A B
1/2 1.875 1.000
3/4 2.000 1.125
1 2.125 1.125
1 1/2 2.375 1.375
2 2.875 1.625
3 3.375 2.125
4 4.125 2.750
B7RWWMS-Size-AL6XN
Short Outlet Reducing Tee
Size (Tube OD) A B
2 x 1/2 2.875 1.625
2 x 3/4* 2.875 1.625
2 x 1* 2.875 1.625
2 x 1 1/2 2.875 1.625
3 x 1* 3.375 2.125
3 x 1 1/2 3.375 2.125
3 x 2 3.375 2.125
BPE-DT-14
* Non-Stocked Item
A
B
A
B
A
B
BPE-DT-15
28BMP-Size-AL6XN
Tri Clamp True Y
Size (Tube OD) A
1 2.500
1 1/2 3.500
2 4.500
3 5.500
17
28WA-Size-AL6XN
Weld Lateral
Size (Tube OD) A B
1 5.000 7.500
1 1/2 5.000 7.500
2 6.000 9.000
3 7.000 10.500
28BW-Size-AL6XN
Weld True Y
Size (Tube OD) A
1 2.000
1 1/2 3.000
2 4.000
3 5.000
A A
A
A A
A
A
AB
18
28AMP-Size-AL6XN
Tri Clamp Lateral
Size (Tube OD) A B
1 5.500 8.500
1 1/2 5.500 8.500
2 6.500 10.000
3 7.500 11.500
B31-Size-AL6XN
Concentric Reducer
Size (Tube OD) A
1 x 1/2 4.500
1 x 3/4 4.000
1 1/2 x 1 5.000
2 x 1 7.250
2 x 1 1/2 5.250
3 x 1 1/2 9.250
3 x 2 7.500
4 x 2 11.750
4 x 3 7.750
B32-Size-AL6XN
Eccentric Reducer
Size (Tube OD) A
1 x 1/2 4.500
1 x 3/4 4.000
1 1/2 x 1/2 5.500
1 1/2 x 3/4 5.000
1 1/2 x 1 5.000
2 x 1 1/2 5.250
3 x 1 1/2 9.250
3 x 2 7.500
4 x 3 7.750
A
AB
A
A
BPE-DT-11
BPE-DT-11
A
19
Tri-Clamp Clamp
(304 Stainless Steel)
Gaskets
Standard Tri-Clamp
16AMP-Size-AL6XN
Solid End Cap
Size (Tube OD) A
1.5 .25
2 .25
3 .25
A
Size (Tube OD) Part Number A
1/2 13MHHS-0.75-S 1 1/8
3/4 13MHHS-0.75-S 1 1/8
1 13MHHM-1.5-S 2 1/8
1 1/2 13MHHM-1.5-S 2 1/8
2 13MHHM-2-S 2 21/23
3 13MHHM-3-S 3 23/32
4 13MHHM-4-S 4 53/64
Material 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/2 2 3 4
40MP-U (Buna) X X X X X
42MP-U (Buna) X X
40MP-X (Silicone) X X X X X
42MP-X (Silicone) X X
40MP-E (EPDM) X X X X X
42MP-E (EPDM) X X
40MP-G (PTFE) X X X X X
42MP-G (PTFE) X X
40MP-SFY (Viton) X X X X X
42MP-SFY (Viton) X X
Sanitary
Clamp Size
20
SSAANITARYButt-Weld Pipe AdaptersTube OD Weld Adapters for “Schedule” Pipe Welding
A
L
C
A
L
C
1”
A
L
1/4”
3/16”
C
3/16”
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
A C L Tube End - “A” Pipe End - “C” (Schedule 10)
Nominal
Pipe Size
Overall
Length
Nominal Pipe
OD Size
Wall
Thickness
Ref. DWG
Figure
CSI
Part Number
1/2 1/2 1 3/4 0.065 0.840 0.083 1 SW3105PX05T
3/4 1/2 1 3/4 0.065 0.840 0.083 1 SW3105PX75T
3/4 3/4 1 3/4 0.065 1.050 0.083 1 SW3175PX75T
1 1 1 1/2 0.065 1.315 0.109 2 SW3110PX10T
1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 0.065 1.900 0.109 2 SW3115PX15T
2 2 1 1/2 0.065 2.375 0.109 2 SW3120PX20T
2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 0.065 2.875 0.120 3 SW3125PX25T
3 3 2 1/2 0.065 3.500 0.120 3 SW3130PX30T
4 4 2 1/2 0.083 4.500 0.120 3 SW3140PX40T
Wall
Thickness
21
A C L Pipe End - “C” (Schedule 10)
Sanitary
Clamp Size
Nominal
Pipe Size
Overall
Length
Nominal Pipe
OD Size
Wall
Thickness
Ref. DWG
Figure
CSI
Part Number
SSAANITARYClamp Pipe AdaptersTube OD Clamp Adapters for “Schedule” Pipe Welding
1/2 1/2 1 3/4 0.840 0.083 1 14MPW05P
3/4 1/2 1 3/4 0.840 0.083 1 14MPW75X05P
3/4 3/4 1 3/4 1.050 0.083 1 14MPW75P
1 1 1 1/2 1.315 0.109 2 14MPW10P
1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1.900 0.109 2 14MPW15P
2 2 1 1/2 2.375 0.109 2 14MPW20P
2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 2.875 0.120 3 14MPW25P
3 3 2 1/2 3.500 0.120 3 14MPW30P
4 4 2 1/2 4.500 0.120 3 14MPW40P
6 6 CALL 6.625 0.134 N/A 14MPW60P
A
L
C
A
L
C
1”
3/16”A
3/16”
C
L
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
22
FFLOWTransfer Panels
Standard Sizes:
2 Line 3 Triangle 3 Around 1
4 Diamond
4 Square
4 Around 1
6 Rectangle
6 Around 1 8 Double Square 8 Around 1
23
AL-6XN Alloy
Spool Detail
(US Patented)
Size = 1.5” Size = 2.0” Size = 2.5” Size = 3.0”
A B C A B C A B C A B C
2 Line 6 14 7.5 6 16 9.5 8 18 11.0 8 20 12.5
3 Triangle 14 14 7.5 16 16 9.5 18 18 11.0 20 20 12.5
3 Around 1 16 14 7.5 20 16 9.5 22 18 11.0 26 20 12.5
4 Square 14 14 7.5 16 16 9.5 18 18 11.0 20 20 12.5
4 Diamond 14 18 7.5 16 22 9.5 18 26 11.0 20 30 12.5
4 Around 1 16 16 7.5 20 20 9.5 22 22 11.0 26 26 12.5
6 Rectangle 20 14 7.5 26 16 9.5 30 18 11.0 32 20 12.5
6 Around 1 20 20 7.5 26 26 9.5 28 28 11.0 32 32 12.5
8 Double Square 28 14 7.5 34 16 9.5 40 18 11.0 46 20 12.5
8 Around 1 20 20 7.5 26 26 9.5 28 28 11.0 32 32 12.5
Transfer Panel
Port Layout
All dimensions are in inches.
Our AL-6XN alloy spool design (US Patented)
allows installation of product contact AL-6XN
alloy spools into 316L stainless steel panels
while maintaining the integrity of the corrosion
resistant elements of the AL-6XN alloy as
required by ASME-BPE-2002 specifications.
24
Concentric jacketed tube-in-tube
design features:
• Product tube size range from 1/2” to 4”
• Multiple media jacket connections available
• Pipe or tube size
• All stainless steel construction
• Standard 316L stainless steel outer tubes
• AL-6XN alloy product tubes
• All welded or removable jacket design
• Variety of mounting options available
Jacketed tube and fittings applications:
• Maintaining temperature in holding loops
• In-line cooking
• Transfer unstable products prone to crystallization or solidification
• General heating or cooling of product lines
• Insulating products lines in areas where conventional insulation is impractical
Common industry applications:
• Candy and confection products
• Sauces and salsa
• Cosmetic and health care
• Pharmaceutical products
• Pharmaceutical water systems
HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS AVAILABLE
JJAACKETEDTubingFor Superior Corrosion Resistance
25
CCOORROSIONTablesThese tables of laboratory data are intended as guidance for what alloys might be tested in a given environment.
They must NOT be used as the major basis for alloy selection, or as substitutes for competent corrosion
engineering work.
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
2205 nitrogen purge 50 80 176 96hr 0.6 2.4 6
2205 nitrogen purge 50 85 185 96hr 0.12 4.8 6
2205 nitrogen purge 50 90 194 96hr 0.15 5.8 6
2205 (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 0.61 24 1
304 (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 4.65 183 1
304L (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 1.8 71 1
316 (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 3.12 123 1
316L (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 1.98 78 1
AL-6XN (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 0.41 16 1
C-276 (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 0.452 17.8 1
625 (boiling) 50 143 290 5x48hr 0.061 2.4 1
Corrosion Rates in Caustic (NaOH)
Temperature for Initiation of Crevice Corrosion in Ferric Chloride (FeCl3•6H2O)
10% FeCl3 • H2O, per ASTM G 48 Practice B, (PRE) N = Cr + 3.3Mo + 30N
Alloy Mo Temperature Pitting Resistance Ref
% °C °F Equivalent, (PRE) N
316L 2.1 -3 27 23 1
2205 3.1 20 68 38 1
AL-6XN 6.2 43 110 48 1
625 9.0 45 113 51 1
625 9.0 55 131 51 13
C-276 15.4 55 130 66 1
26
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
2205 plus 0.3% FeCl3 1 30 86 96hr 0.01 0.2 6
2205 plus 0.3% FeCl3 1 45 113 96hr 0.20 7.8 6
2205 plus 0.3% FeCl3 1 55 131 96hr 0.38 15 6
AL-6XN — 1 boiling boiling — 1.49 58.7 1
AL-6XN — 2 23 78 — 0.003 0.12 1
AL-6XN — 3 23 78 — 0.003 0.12 1
AL-6XN — 4 23 78 — 0.003 0.12 1
AL-6XN — 5 23 78 — 0.102 4.02 1
AL-6XN — 6 23 78 — 0.216 8.82 1
AL-6XN — 8 23 78 — 0.270 10.6 1
AL-6XN — 3 52 126 — 0.553 21.8 1
AL-6XN — 4 52 126 — 0.348 13.7 1
AL-6XN — 5 52 126 — 1.698 66.9 1
AL-6XN — 6 52 126 — 1.935 76.2 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.5 65.5 150 — 0.0009 0.035 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.0 65.5 150 — 0.0010 0.039 1
AL-6XN — pH 0.5 65.5 150 — 0.9139 36.0 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.0 79.4 175 — 0.0009 0.035 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.5 93.3 200 — 0.0008 0.031 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.0 93.3 200 — 0.0008 0.031 1
C-276 — 1 boiling boiling — 0.25 10 3
C-276 — 1 boiling boiling — 0.34 13.4 3
C-276 — 1.5 boiling boiling — 0.74 29 3
C-276 — 2 90 194 — 0.025 1 3
C-276 — 2 boiling boiling — 1.55 61 3
C-276 — 3 boiling boiling — 1.78 70 3
C-22 — 1 boiling boiling — 0.076 3 3
C-22 — 1.5 boiling boiling — 0.28 11 3
C-22 — 2 90 194 — nil nil 3
C-22 — 2 boiling boiling — 1.55 61 3
C-22 — 3 90 194 — <1 <1 3
C-22 — 3 boiling boiling — 2.13 84 3
625 — 1.3 40 104 28 days <0.01 <0.4 12
625 welded w 625 1.3 40 104 28 days 0.09 3.5 12
625 — 5 66 150 — 1.8 71 8
625 — 10 66 150 — 2.1 81 8
625 — 15 66 150 — 1.7 65 8
Corrosion Rates in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
316 — 3 21 70 — 1.25 49.1 1
316 — 5 21 70 — 2.33 91.8 1
316 — 5 40 104 — 7.8 306 1
316 — 1 50 122 — 1.82 71.8 1
316 — 2 50 122 — 5.3 209 1
316 — 5 50 122 — 15.9 626 1
AL-6XN — 3 21 70 — 0.08 3.2 1
AL-6XN — 5 21 70 — 0.20 8.0 1
AL-6XN — 5 40 104 — 0.82 32.4 1
AL-6XN — 1 50 122 — 0.10 4.1 1
AL-6XN — 2 50 122 — 0.43 16.9 1
AL-6XN — 3 50 122 — 0.98 38.4 1
AL-6XN — 4 50 122 — 1.42 55.9 1
AL-6XN — 5 50 122 — 2.0 78.7 1
AL-6XN — 1 70 158 — 0.54 21.1 1
AL-6XN — 2 70 158 — 1.98 78 1
AL-6XN — 3 70 158 — 3.05 120 1
C-276 — 2 70 158 — 0.23 9 3
C-276 — 5 70 158 — 0.25 10 3
C-22 — 2 70 158 — 0.23 9 3
C-22 — 5 70 158 — 0.36 14 3
625 — 2 70 158 — 0.51 20 3
625 — 5 70 158 — 0.41 16 3
27
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
625 — 20 66 150 — 1.3 50 8
625 — 25 66 150 — 1.0 38 8
625 — 30 66 150 — 0.9 34 8
625 — concentrated 66 150 — 0.4 15 8
Corrosion Rates in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Continued
Corrosion Rates in Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
2205 — 65 boiling boiling 240hr 0.20 7.9 4
2205 — 65.3 boiling boiling — 0.13 5.3 5
304 — 65 116 241 — 0.23 9 1
304L plus 3% HF 10 70 158 4hr 157 6410 1
304L — 75 25 77 >21 days <0.4 <17 11
304L — 75 50 122 >21 days 0.4 17 11
304L — 75 75 167 >21 days 4.8 189 11
304L — 80 25 77 >21 days <0.4 <17 11
304L — 80 50 122 >21 days 0.4 17 11
304L — 80 75 167 >21 days 3.5 138 11
304L — 85 25 77 >21 days 1.3 52 11
304L — 85 50 122 >21 days 1.3 52 11
304L — 85 75 167 >21 days 15 590 11
316 plus 3% HF 5 68 155 — 4.18 165 1
316 — 10 90 194 — 0.22 9 1
316 plus 2% HCl 60 50 122 — 0.28 11 1
316 A 262 C 65 boiling boiling 24hr 0.872 34 1
316L — 65.3 boiling boiling — 0.25 9.8 5
316L plus 3% HF 10 70 158 4hr 64.6 2540 1
AL-6XN plus 3% HF 5 68 155 — 1.55 61 1
AL-6XN plus 3% HF 10 70 158 4hr 2.56 101 1
AL-6XN A 262 C 65 boiling boiling 24hr 0.738 29 1
C-276 — 10 90 194 — <0.01 0.2 2
C-276 plus 3% HF 10 70 158 4hr 6.71 264 1
C-276 — 65 116 241 — 0.74 29 2
C-276 plus 2% HCl 60 50 122 — 0.21 8.2 2
C-22 plus 3% HF 10 70 158 4hr 1.71 67 1
625 plus 3% HF 10 70 158 4hr 3.96 156 1
625 — 65 boiling boiling — 0.76 30 8
Corrosion Rates in Nitric Acid (HNO3)
28
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
304 — 50 boiling boiling 5x48hr 0.18 7 7
304 — 70 boiling boiling 5x48hr 0.81 32 7
316 — 20 boiling boiling — 0.183 7.2 1
316 — 54 boiling boiling — 0.580 2.28 1
Corrosion Rates in Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
29
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
316 — 60 boiling boiling — 0.305 12 1
316L — 70 110 230 — 3.9 154 5
AL-6XN — 10 120 248 120hr 0.021 0.81 1
AL-6XN — 10 135 275 120hr 0.197 7.76 1
AL-6XN — 10 150 302 120hr 0.400 15.75 1
AL-6XN — 20 boiling boiling 5x48hr 0.006 0.24 1
AL-6XN — 54 boiling boiling — 0.015 0.059 1
AL-6XN plus 800 ppm Cl- 70 100 212 168hr 1.22 48 1
AL-6XN plus 1% HF 70 100 212 168hr 0.518 20.4 1
C-22 — 85 100 212 24hr 0.19 7.5 10
C-22 — 85 100 212 168hr 0.05 2.0 10
C-22 — 85 154 309 24hr 1.08 42.5 10
625 plus 0.8% HF 55 boiling boiling 48hr 0.42 16.5 8
Corrosion Rates in Phosphoric Acid ( H3PO4) Continued
Corrosion Rates in Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
_ 135-140 C
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
2205 nitrogen purge 10 55 131 96h 0.06 2.3 6
2205 nitrogen purge 10 60 140 96hr 0.17 6.7 6
2205 nitrogen purge 10 70 158 96hr 0.32 13 6
2205 nitrogen purge 60 15 59 96hr 4.0 157 6
2205 nitrogen purge 96.4 20 68 96hr 0.11 4.4 6
2205 nitrogen purge 96.4 25 77 96hr 0.14 5.4 6
304 — 1 35 95 5x48hr 0.71 28 7
304 — 5 35 95 5x48hr 6.1 240 7
304 — 1 80 176 5x48hr 8.9 350 7
304 — 95 30 86 — 0.28 11 2
304 plant test >1 m/s 96-98.5 14 days 0.18 7.1 12
316 — 10 boiling boiling 5x48hr 9.42 371 1
316 reagent grade 10 80 176 5x48hr 2.3 91 9
316 “ + 59 ppm Cl- 10 80 176 5x48hr 5.56 219 9
316 “ + 119 ppm Cl- 10 80 176 5x48hr 5.6 221 9
316 “ + 1187 ppm Cl- 10 80 176 5x48hr 2.0 80 9
316 “ + 10600 ppm Cl- 10 80 176 5x48hr 6.3 250 9
316 reagent grade 30 80 176 5x48hr 60.34 2375 9
316 “ + 80 ppm Cl- 30 80 176 48hr dissolved dissolved 9
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
316 “ + 135 ppm Cl- 30 80 176 48hr dissolved dissolved 9
316 “ + 1277 ppm Cl- 30 80 176 5x48hr 10.4 407 9
316 “ + 10900 ppm Cl- 30 80 176 5x48hr 8.84 348 9
AL-6XN — pH 1.5 65.6 150 — 0.0007 0.029 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.0 65.6 150 — 0.0007 0.029 1
AL-6XN — pH 0.5 65.6 150 — 0.0013 0.053 1
AL-6XN — pH 0.5 79.4 175 — 0.0013 0.053 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.5 93.3 200 — 0.0013 0.053 1
AL-6XN — pH 1.0 93.3 200 — 0.0027 0.11 1
AL-6XN — pH 0.5 93.3 200 — 0.541 21.3 1
AL-6XN — 10 boiling boiling 5x48hr 2.14 84.4 1
AL-6XN — 10 boiling boiling 5x48hr 2.34 92.3 1
C-276 — 10 boiling boiling — 1.1 43 3
C-276 — 20 79 174 — 0.076 3 3
C-276 — 20 boiling boiling — 1.1 42 3
C-276 — 30 79 174 — 0.10 4 3
C-276 — 30 boiling boiling — 1.4 55 3
C-276 — 70 38 100 — nil nil 3
C-276 — 95 30 86 — <0.01 0.12 2
C-276 technical grade 20 60 140 — 0.015 0.59 13
C-276 technical grade 40 60 140 — 0.036 1.4 13
C-276 technical grade 60 60 140 — 0.031 1.2 13
C-276 technical grade 80 60 140 — 0.021 0.83 13
C-276 technical grade 20 80 176 — 0.102 4.02 13
C-276 technical grade 40 80 176 — 0.081 3.19 13
C-276 technical grade 60 80 176 — 0.088 3.46 13
C-276 technical grade 80 80 176 — 0.372 14.6 13
C-276 technical grade 20 100 212 — 0.172 6.77 13
C-276 technical grade 40 100 212 — 0.247 9.72 13
C-276 technical grade 60 100 212 — 0.287 11.3 13
C-276 technical grade 80 100 212 — 6.220 245 13
C-22 industrial grade 10 boiling boiling 3x48hr 0.12 4.5 9
C-22 “ + 10000 ppm Cl- 10 boiling boiling 3x48hr 3.26 128 9
C-22 — 10 boiling boiling — 0.28 1 3
C-22 — 20 79 174 — 0.025 1 3
C-22 — 20 boiling boiling — 0.84 33 3
C-22 — 30 79 174 — 0.076 3 3
Corrosion Rates in Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) Continued
30
Alloy Notes Concentration Temperature Time Corrosion Rate Ref
% °C °F mm/yr mils/yr
C-22 — 30 boiling boiling — 1.6 64 3
C-22 — 70 38 100 — nil nil 3
625 — 15 80 176 — 0.19 7.4 8
625 — 50 80 176 — 0.43 17 8
625 — 60 80 176 — 0.71 28 8
625 — 70 80 176 — 1.6 64 8
625 — 80 80 176 — 2.3 90 8
625 plus 4.9% HF 28 49-79 120-175 — 1.2 49 8
Corrosion Rates in Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) Continued
31
References1. AL-6XN® alloy PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL and CORROSION PROPERTIES, Bulletin No. 210, Rolled Alloys
2. H.E. Deverell, C.R. Finn and G.E. Moller, Corrosion Performance of 6 percent Molybdenum Austenitic Alloys AL-6X® and AL-6XN®, Corrosion 88,
Paper No. 313, NACE, Houston, Texas
3. HASTELLOY® alloy C-276, Bulletin H-2002B, Haynes International, Kokomo, Indiana
4. Rolled Alloys Investigation 97-29
5. Steve Bukovinsky, Henrik Gripenberg, Ulf Lundell, Mats Tynell, SANDVIK SAF 2205 – A High-Performance Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel,
Bulletin S-51-26-ENG, Steel Research Centre, Sandvik AB, Sandviken, Sweden
6. MTI-1
7. Armco 17PH Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel, Product Data Bulletin No. FS-11, Armco Advanced Materials Co., Butler, Pennsylvania, 1994
8. INCONEL alloy 625, Bulletin T-42, Huntington Alloys Inc., Huntington, West Virginia
9. Private correspondence, Carpenter Technology Corporation, 1991
10. Paper No. 338, Corrosion 95, NACE International, Houston, Texas, 1995
11. Paper No. 115, Corrosion 97, NACE International, Houston, Texas, 1997
12. Paper No. 428
13. R. Kirchheiner, H. Portisch, R. Solomon, M. Jahudka and J. Ettere, Designing Components for Water Treatment Units for Radioactive Waste
Liquids in a Modern NiCrMo-Alloy, Corrosion 98, Paper 166, NACE International, Houston, Texas 1998
TrademarksAL-6XN is a registered trademark of ATI Properties, Inc., licensed to Allegheny Ludlum Corp.
Hastelloy and C-22 are a registered trademarks of Haynes International.
Copyright 2004 Central States Industrial Equipment & Service, Inc. All rights reserved.
No reproduction without permission of the author.