Post on 08-Jul-2020
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Time (hr)
ML
H (
m)
DECMLH
JANMLH
FEBMLH
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
DECPM25
JANPM25
FEBPM25
PM
2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
DECNOX
JANNOX
FEBNOX
NO
X
Time (hr)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
DECO3
JANO3
FEBO3
O3
Air quality through
measurement of Criterion
pollutants & Chemical
speciation of particulates
Area: Delhi
SAFAR network & special
field campaigns
Instruments: Low volume
sampler, EC/OC analyser,
Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer, Ceilometer,
Met tower
Objective
Ca, Fe, Zn, K are the major constituents of PM2.5
Toxic metals Cd and Pb are detected at Lodi, Noida,
Okhla and Ayanagar
Total Metal composition is 10 (Lodi) to 16% (Ayanagar)
of PM2.5
Total metal mass density is an order less in Summer
relative to Winter
Mixed Layer Height derived from Ceilometer varies
from 100 m (night time) to 800 m (afternoon) in winter
PM2.5 reduces by 14 μg m-3 (in Dec) and 7 μg m-3 (in
Feb) as MLH increases by 100 m during convective period.
Strong turbulent mixing or dilution offsets near surface
PM2.5 in spite of relatively high PM2.5 emissions during
day time.
Fig: Monthly mean diurnal variation of Mixed Layer Height, PM2.5, NOx,
Ozone
Fig: Metal composition (%) of PM2.5
Fig: Sampling locations for
Summer campaign
Fig: Spatial distribution- Metal composition of PM2.5 in Summer 2018
As
Ca
Cd
Co Cr
Cu Fe K
Mg
Mn
Na Ni
Pb
Se
Zn
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1
10
mas
s d
ensi
ty,
g m
-3
AYA NAGAR
As
Ca
Cd
Co Cr
Cu Fe K
Mg
Mn
Na Ni
Pb
Se
Zn
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1
10
OKHLA
As
Ca
Cd
Co Cr
Cu Fe K
Mg
Mn
Na Ni
Pb
Se
Zn
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1
10
LODI ROAD
mas
s d
ensi
ty,
g m
-3
As
Ca
Cd
Co Cr
Cu Fe K
Mg
Mn
Na Ni
Pb
Se
Zn
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1
10
NOIDA
WINTER 2018
Order of metals from high to low concentration in
winter AYANAGAR
Ca>Fe>Zn>K>Pb>Na>Mg>Ni>Mn>Cu>Cr>Cd>Co
OKHLA
Ca>Fe>K>Zn>Pb>Na>Mg>Cu>Mn>Ni>Cr>Cd
LODI ROAD
Ca>K>Zn>Fe>Pb>Na>Mg>Ni>Cu>Cr>Mn>Cd>As>Se
NOIDA
Ca>K>Fe>Zn>Pb>Mg>Cu>Na>Cd>Ni>Cr>Mn>Co
Thresholds: Pb (3); Cd (0.05); Zn
(100), Europian std, µgm-3
The analysis considered about 20-
25 samples for Aya Nagar, Okhla,
Noida and about 10 samples for
Lodhi Road (Dec 2017- Feb 2018)
Cd is detected at all stations and
above limits
High values of Pb for all stations
Considering sample attributes;
6hrly and PM2.5 range, Pb might
cross critical levels
As, and Se are only detected @
Lodhi
Co is detected @ Aya Nagar &
Noida
Region details in map: NE(3 stations),NW (4), SE(22), SW(4), Punjabi
Bagh station located at the centre.
Sample attributes: 18-24 hr; one sample per station
Total Metal content: SE>NE>NW>SW
With highest metal SE has highest Ca, Na, Fe, Mg with exceptionally
high Ni content
Pb is highest in NW so is Cd & Zn
NE, leads K (biomass burning), Cr & Cu (markedly) and Mn.
SW comparatively cleaner, Cr is not detected here.
Month Correlation with MLH slope Intercept
PM2.5 NOX O3 PM2.5 NOX O3 PM2.5 NOX O3
DEC2017 -0.47 -0.81 0.83 -0.14 -0.07 0.08 190 60.0 2.9
JAN2018 -0.76 -0.75 0.87 -0.13 -0.02 0.05 166 17.5 5.8
FEB2018 -0.76 -0.92 0.85 -0.07 -0.18 0.04 106 12.0 7.0
Linear fit between MLH and PM2.5, NOX and Ozone during 0800-2000 hr Delhi (winter)
PM2.5 Sampling: Low volume
sampler with quartz/teflon
filters
Time period:
Winter : Daily two six hr
samples in (Jan-Feb 2018) at
4 stations
Summer (2018): Single
sample of 18-24 hr at
stations all around Delhi
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 2410
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26 DEC
JAN
FEB
Tv
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
WS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
us
tar
Time (hr) IST
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
-20
0
20
40
60
80
HF
Time (hr) IST
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
DEC
JAN
FEB
DIR
LODI NOIDA OKHLA AYANAGAR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Fra
cti
on
of
PM
2.5
(%
) Zn
Se
Pb
Ni
Na
Mn
Mg
K
Fe
Cu
Cr
Co
Cd
Ca
As
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
PM
2.5
;
ML
H X
PM
2.5
Time (h)
Normalize to [0, 1] of PM25
Normalize to [0, 1] of MLHPM25
DEC2017
PM
2.5
,;
ML
H X
PM
2.5
Time (h)
JAN2018
Accumulation
Dilution
PM
2.5
;
ML
H X
PM
2.5
Time (h)
FEB2018
0
200
400
600
800 MLH
ML
H (
m)
0
200
400
600
800 MLH
ML
H (
m)
0
200
400
600
800
c
b
MLH
ML
H (
m)
a
As Ca Cd Co Cr Cu Fe K Mg Mn Na Ni Pb Se Zn
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1 NE (3)
NW (4)
SE (22)
SW (4)
g
m-3
Summer (May 2018)
NE NW SE SW
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Zn
Se
Pb
Ni
Na
Mn
Mg
K
Fe
Cu
Cr
Co
Cd
Ca
As
g
m-3
Fig: Met parameters-diurnal variation
Chemical Speciation of Particulate Matter in Delhi
METROPOLITAN AIR QUALITY AND WEATHER SERVICES - SAFAR
Indian Institute Of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
Objective
Fig : Chemical speciation of PM2.5 in Delhi during Winter
Result
Summer campaign- region wise
Mobile App: SAFAR-AirEmail: safar@tropmet.res.inWebsite: http://safar.tropmet.res.in/