Post on 06-Jan-2018
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AIM: What are enzymes and why are they important?
DN: What are proteins? What are the building blocks of proteins? Give some examples of proteins.
What role do enzymes play in our bodies?
A + B C
Enzymes are proteins that speed
up chemical reactions
Let’s Review Chemical Reactions:
• A + B Cor
• C A + B
Raw Materials Products
What Reaction is this?
A + B AB + H2ODehydration SynthesisEnzyme
If an enzyme is added to the reaction, then it will speed up the reaction.
In other words, we will produce AB more quickly.
What is a Catalyst?
Any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being changed.
An enzyme is called an organic catalyst
Why are enzymes called organic catalysts?
They are PROTEINS that speed up chemical reactions!!
What are some important reactions that enzymes need to speed up?
Digestion Synthesis
Photosynthesis Cell Respiration
What are Substrates and Active Sites?
AB
A + B AB
Substrates- are the reactants that bind to the enzymeActive Site- is the place on the enzyme where thesubstrates bind
Think of enzymes and substrates as a lock and key
Substrate
Enzyme Active Site
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Is formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme
Enzyme Substrate
Enzyme-substrate specificityEnzymes are SPECIFIC (in
shape) for the SUBSTRATES they attach to, just like a lock
and key.
How do enzymes work?
A + B AB ENZYME
AB
Enzymes bind to the reactants so the chemicalreaction can take place
What do you think determines the shape of enzymes?
Enzyme
1)The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape
2) The shape of a protein determines its activity
WHAT CHANGES?
A-B + H2O A + BEnzyme
What reaction is this?Hydrolysis
• The enzyme doesn’t change, it can be reused• The substrate changes
• Hydrolysis- substrate is broken down (ex: carbohydrate to glucose molecules)
• Dehydration Synthesis- the substrate is made bigger (glucose molecules made into a starch)
Some common enzymes
PROTEIN AMINO ACIDSprotease
Hydrolysis
Can you ID the substrate, product, enzyme, active site, & enzyme substrate
complex?
SubstrateProduct
Enzyme
Active Site
Enzyme – Substrate Complex