Post on 27-Sep-2020
Agricultural Prices
ISSN: 1937-4216
Released February 28, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA).
Special Note
State level monthly price estimates have been discontinued for grapefruit, lemons, and oranges. United States
level price estimates for these crops will continue to be published monthly in the Agricultural Prices report.
January Prices Received Index Down 2.2 Percent
The January Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 88.7, decreased 2.2 percent from December
but increased 2.5 percent from January 2019. At 82.3, the Crop Production Index was down 3.5 percent from last month
but up 4.6 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 98.2, increased 1.0 percent from December
and 0.4 percent from January last year. Producers received lower prices during January for market eggs, milk, lemons, and
oranges but higher prices for lettuce, broilers, cattle, and broccoli. In addition to prices, the indexes are influenced by the
volume change of commodities producers market. In January, there was increased monthly movement for corn, soybeans,
strawberries, and pistachios and decreased marketing of milk, lettuce, cattle, and hogs.
January Prices Paid Index Up 0.2 Percent
The January Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 110.3,
is up 0.2 percent from December 2019 but down 0.1 percent from January 2019. Higher prices in January for feeder cattle,
feeder pigs, interest, and rent more than lower prices for nitrogen, LP gas, herbicides, and mixed fertilizer.
Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
Index Group January
2019 December
2019 January
2020
(percent) (percent) (percent)
Prices received by farmers ......................................................................... Prices paid by farmers ................................................................................ Ratio of prices received to prices paid ........................................................
86.5
110.4
78
90.7
110.1
83
88.7
110.3
81
2 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents
Prices Received by Farmers .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ........................................................ 5
Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ............................................... 5
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 .................................. 5
Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 .......................................... 6
Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons .............................................. 7
Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ........................................ 8
Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons ............................ 9
Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons ...................................... 9
Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons .............................................. 10
Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ........................................ 10
Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ........................................ 11
Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ........................................ 11
Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ....................................................... 11
Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons .............................................. 12
Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ...................................... 12
Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ........................................... 12
Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ...................................... 13
Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ...................................................... 13
Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ............................................... 14
Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ............................................. 14
Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ................................... 15
Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons .............................................. 15
Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ................................................... 15
Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ................................................ 15
Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ............. 16
Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ............... 16
Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ......................................... 17
Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: January 2020 ..................................... 17
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: January 2019 ................................................................... 18
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: December 2019 ............................................. 18
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: January 2020 ................................................................... 19
Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons................................................. 20
Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons............................................. 20
Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons .............. 22
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons........................................................................ 23
Marketing Year for Specified Commodities ......................................................................................................................... 25
Cattle Market Year Average Prices Received – United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019 ........................................ 25
Hog Market Year Average Prices Received – United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019 ........................................... 25
Milk Cow Market Year Average Prices Received – States and United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019 ............... 26
Prices Received for Cows, Steers and Heifers, Calves, Beef Cattle, and Milk Cows by Month – United States:
Marketing Years 2018 and 2019 ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Prices Received for Barrows and Gilts, Sows, and All Hogs by Month – United States: Marketing Years
2018 and 2019 .................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Prices Received for Milk Cows by Month – States and United States: 2019 ....................................................................... 28
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for All Cattle and Calves – States and United States:
January 1, 2019 and 2020 .................................................................................................................................................. 29
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 3 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Hogs – States and United States: December 1, 2018
and 2019 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Sheep and Lambs – States and United States:
January 1, 2019 and 2020 .................................................................................................................................................. 31
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Angora Goats – States and United States: January 1, 2019
and 2020 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Reliability of Prices Received Estimates .............................................................................................................................. 33
Prices Paid by Farmers .......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ....................................... 35
Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
January 2020 with Comparisons ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Feed Price Ratios – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ................................................................................... 37
Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons ............................ 37
Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons............................................................ 37
Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates ...................................................................................................................................... 38
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 39
4 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
January Prices Received by Farmers
Crop production: The January index, at 82.3, is 3.5 percent lower than December but 4.6 percent higher than
January 2019. The fruit & tree nut, other crop, and greenhouse & nursery index decreases more than offset the vegetable
& melon and grain & oilseed index increases.
Grain and oilseed: The January index, at 67.2, is up 2.0 percent from December and 3.1 percent from January 2019. The
food grain, oilseed, and feed grain indexes all increased.
Feed grain: The January index, at 63.1, increased 2.3 percent from last month and 6.2 percent from a year ago. The corn
price, at $3.79 per bushel, is up 8 cents from last month and up 23 cents from January 2019.
Food grain: At 75.9, the index for January increased 4.3 percent from the previous month but decreased 3.6 percent from
a year ago. The January price for all wheat, at $4.87 per bushel, is 23 cents higher than December but 41 cents lower than
January 2019. The January price for rice, at $13.10 per cwt, is 60 cents higher than December but 40 cents lower than
January 2019.
Oilseed: At 70.8, the index for January increased 1.7 percent from December and 2.0 percent from January 2019. The
soybean price, at $8.84 per bushel, is 14 cents higher than December and 20 cents higher than January a year earlier.
Fruit and tree nut: The January index, at 117.8, is down 2.3 percent from December and 3.3 percent from a year earlier.
Price decreases during January for lemons, oranges, and grapefruit more than offset price increases for pears.
Vegetable and melon: At 184.9, the index for January increased 39.9 percent from the previous month and 58.8 percent
from January 2019. Price increases during January for lettuce, broccoli, carrots, and cauliflower more than offset price
declines for snap beans.
Other crop: The January index, at 80.0, is down 3.0 percent from the previous month and down 5.8 percent from
January 2019. The all hay price, at $155.00 per ton, is $3.00 lower than December and $12.00 lower than January 2019.
At 59.7 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 1.8 cents lower than December and 5.7 cents lower than
January 2019.
Livestock production: The index for January, at 98.2, increased 1.0 percent from the previous month and 0.4 percent
from January a year earlier. Compared with a year ago, prices are higher for milk, hogs, turkeys, and cattle. Prices for
broilers, market eggs, and calves are lower than a year earlier.
Meat animal: At 98.5, the January index increased 4.0 percent from the previous month and 1.9 percent from a year
earlier. At $47.80 per cwt, the January hog price is 50 cents higher than December and $3.20 higher than a year earlier.
The January beef cattle price of $122.00 per cwt is $4.00 higher than the previous month and $1.00 higher than
January 2019.
Dairy: The index for January, at 97.5, is down 5.3 percent from the previous month but up 18.0 percent from January a
year ago. The January all milk price of $19.60 per cwt is $1.10 lower than December but $3.00 higher than January 2019.
Poultry and egg: At 98.1, the January index increased 1.2 percent from December but decreased 12.8 percent from
January 2019. The January market egg price, at 45.3 cents per dozen, is 26.2 cents lower than December and 34.4 cents
lower than January 2019. The January broiler price, at 49.0 cents per pound, is 4.0 cents higher than December but
7.0 cents lower than a year ago. At 62.5 cents per pound, the January turkey price is 0.1 cents higher than the previous
month and 11.6 cents higher than January 2019.
Food Commodities: The index, at 96.1, decreased 0.2 percent from the previous month but increased 3.3 percent from
January 2019.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 5 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group
2011 Base
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent)
Agricultural production ......................................................................... Crop production ............................................................................... Grain and oilseed ......................................................................... Feed grain ............................................................................... Food grain ............................................................................... Oilseed .................................................................................... Fruit and tree nut ......................................................................... Vegetable and melon ................................................................... Other crop .................................................................................... Livestock production ........................................................................ Meat animal ................................................................................. Cattle ....................................................................................... Hog .......................................................................................... Dairy ............................................................................................ Poultry and egg ............................................................................ Food commodity ..................................................................................
86.5 78.7 65.2 59.4 78.7 69.4
121.8 116.4 84.9
97.8 96.7
106.2 67.1 82.6
112.5
93.0
90.7 85.3 65.9 61.7 72.8 69.6
120.6 132.2 82.5
97.2 94.7
103.3 71.1
103.0 96.9
96.3
88.7 82.3 67.2 63.1 75.9 70.8
117.8 184.9 80.0
98.2 98.5
107.0 71.9 97.5 98.1
96.1
Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group
1910 - 1914 Base
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent)
Agricultural production ......................................................................... Crop production ............................................................................... Livestock production ........................................................................
892 686
1136
936 744
1128
915 718
1140
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month
2011 Base
Agricultural production
Crop production
Livestock production
Food commodities
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
January ............................. February ............................ March ................................ April ................................... May ................................... June .................................. July .................................... August ............................... September ......................... October ............................. November .......................... December ..........................
86.5 90.3 93.2 93.7 92.7 93.8 91.4 91.8 88.1 85.9 90.3 90.7
88.7
78.7 85.1 87.7 85.8 85.0 89.9 89.3 89.8 88.9 83.1 85.1 85.3
82.3
97.8 95.2 98.0
100.5 99.2 97.4 93.7 93.8 87.4 90.4 97.1 97.2
98.2
93.0 94.3 97.9 97.7 96.2 96.7 93.5 94.5 90.1 89.2 97.4 96.3
96.1
6 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month
2011 Base
All items (PPITW)
Production Crop
sector Livestock
sector
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
January ............................. February ........................... March ................................ April .................................. May ................................... June .................................. July ................................... August .............................. September ........................ October ............................. November ......................... December .........................
110.4 110.6 110.7 111.2 110.7 110.1 110.3 109.4 109.0 109.7 109.9 110.1
110.3
107.4 107.5 107.5 108.3 107.5 106.8 106.8 105.6 105.1 105.8 106.2 106.4
106.3
111.6 111.8 111.6 111.6 111.5 111.5 111.7 110.9 110.4 110.8 110.9 111.0
110.7
109.2 109.3 109.7 110.8 109.7 108.7 108.8 107.8 107.6 108.5 108.9 109.1
109.8
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 7 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
Commodity 2011
Base Price January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
Field crops Barley, all ....................................................... dollars/bushel Feed ............................................................ dollars/bushel Malting ......................................................... dollars/bushel Beans, dry edible ................................................ dollars/cwt Canola ................................................................ dollars/cwt Chickpeas, all ..................................................... dollars/cwt Large ................................................................ dollars/cwt Small ................................................................ dollars/cwt Corn .............................................................. dollars/bushel Cotton, Upland ................................................ dollars/pound Cottonseed .......................................................... dollars/ton Flaxseed ........................................................ dollars/bushel Hay, all, baled ...................................................... dollars/ton Alfalfa ................................................................ dollars/ton Other ................................................................. dollars/ton Lentils ................................................................. dollars/cwt Oats ............................................................... dollars/bushel Peanuts, in-shell ............................................. dollars/pound Peas, dry edible .................................................. dollars/cwt Rice, all ............................................................... dollars/cwt Long ................................................................. dollars/cwt Medium and short ............................................. dollars/cwt Sorghum grain .................................................... dollars/cwt Soybeans ...................................................... dollars/bushel Sunflowers, all .................................................... dollars/cwt Wheat, all ...................................................... dollars/bushel Winter .......................................................... dollars/bushel Durum .......................................................... dollars/bushel Other spring ................................................. dollars/bushel Hard red winter ............................................ dollars/bushel Soft red winter ............................................. dollars/bushel Hard red spring ............................................ dollars/bushel White ........................................................... dollars/bushel Fruits Citrus, equivalent on-tree Grapefruit ......................................................... dollars/box Lemons ............................................................. dollars/box Oranges ............................................................ dollars/box Non-citrus, fresh Apples ......................................................... dollars/pound Grapes .............................................................. dollars/ton Peaches ........................................................... dollars/ton Pears ................................................................ dollars/ton Strawberries ..................................................... dollars/cwt
4.79 4.59 4.83
34.60 23.10 35.70 39.20 23.40 6.02
0.880
131.00 14.20
159.00 176.00 119.00 27.50 3.42
0.252
13.60 13.70 12.30 18.40 10.70 12.50 29.00
7.44 6.93 9.22 8.33 7.07 6.77 8.38 6.58
7.47 12.30 8.16
0.325 628.00 507.00 559.00 104.00
4.57 3.11 4.71
24.80 16.70 19.50 19.40 19.60 3.56
0.654
170.00 9.85
167.00 179.00 150.00 16.20 2.67
0.227
11.10 13.50 10.90 19.40 5.71 8.64
17.30
5.28 5.25 4.86 5.37 5.04 5.27 5.36 5.53
15.99 22.58 10.10
0.397 (S) (S)
574.00 222.00
4.51 3.32 4.82
32.00 14.40 14.80 17.40 13.10 3.71
0.615
164.00 8.91
158.00 175.00 133.00 14.80 3.19
0.196
10.10 12.50 11.70 15.70 5.64 8.70
17.60
4.64 4.57 4.44 4.79 4.23 5.43 4.76 5.40
12.81 22.43 10.20
0.336 2,090.00
(S) 721.00
(S)
4.68 3.27 4.83
35.20 16.00 18.00 18.70 17.00 3.79
0.597
183.00 8.99
155.00 171.00 134.00 19.40 2.93
0.209
9.77 13.10 12.00 16.30 5.75 8.84
19.30
4.87 4.86 4.69 4.91 4.52 5.55 4.88 5.51
10.23 16.14 9.40
0.313 (S) (S)
733.00 229.00
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
8 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
Commodity 2011
Base Price January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
Vegetables, fresh 1 Asparagus ........................................................... dollars/cwt Beans, snap ........................................................ dollars/cwt Broccoli ............................................................... dollars/cwt Cantaloupes ........................................................ dollars/cwt Carrots ................................................................ dollars/cwt Cauliflower .......................................................... dollars/cwt Celery ................................................................. dollars/cwt Corn, sweet ......................................................... dollars/cwt Cucumbers ......................................................... dollars/cwt Lettuce ................................................................ dollars/cwt Onions 2 .............................................................. dollars/cwt Potatoes ............................................................. dollars/cwt Tomatoes ............................................................ dollars/cwt Livestock Calves ................................................................. dollars/cwt Cattle, all beef ..................................................... dollars/cwt Cows 3 .............................................................. dollars/cwt Steers and heifers ............................................. dollars/cwt Milk cows 4 ........................................................ dollars/head Hogs, all .............................................................. dollars/cwt Barrows and gilts .............................................. dollars/cwt Sows ................................................................. dollars/cwt Dairy and poultry Milk, all 5 ............................................................. dollars/cwt Fat test ................................................................... percent Broilers, live 6 .................................................. dollars/pound Eggs, all 7 ........................................................ dollars/dozen Market 7 8 ...................................................... dollars/dozen Turkeys, live 9 ................................................. dollars/pound
37.50 69.00 41.60 16.50 30.80 47.00 22.50 30.70 18.70 24.30 11.90 14.30 51.20
142.00 115.00 71.60
117.00 1,420.00
66.50 66.80 57.90
20.10 3.71
0.459 0.969 0.796 0.680
(S) 57.90 56.20
(S) 26.50 79.00 52.10 35.70 37.40 33.80 14.20 9.88
53.30
169.00 121.00 54.20
124.00 1,140.00
44.60 45.00 32.30
16.60 4.02
0.560 1.01
0.797 0.509
(S) 89.30 38.10
(S) 29.90 41.90 27.40 30.50 41.50 49.00 11.20 13.90
112.00
159.00 118.00 59.30
120.00 (NA)
47.30 47.70 33.40
20.70 4.05
0.450 0.931 0.715 0.624
(S) 62.80 99.00
(S) 59.30 97.00 45.90 52.70
(S) 80.50 14.10 14.30
130.00
168.00 122.00 61.40
125.00 1,300.00
47.80 48.60 25.70
19.60 4.03
0.490 0.723 0.453 0.625
Adjusted for seasonal variation Eggs, all .......................................................... dollars/dozen Seasonal factor ...................................................... percent Milk, all ................................................................ dollars/cwt Seasonal factor ...................................................... percent
0.979
101 20.20
100
0.939
108 17.00
98
0.743
125 20.00
103
0.671
108 20.10
98
(NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Point of first sale. 2 Includes some processing. 3 Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4 Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5 Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6 Live weight equivalent price. 7 Mid-month price. 8 Also referred to as table eggs. 9 Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point
basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 9 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month All wheat Corn Soybeans
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel)
January ....... February ...... March .......... April ............. May ............. June ............ July .............. August ......... September ... October ....... November .... December ....
4.65 4.92 5.10 5.28 5.39 5.19 5.00 5.31 5.15 5.22 5.23 5.28
5.28 5.33 5.19 4.93 4.78 4.81 4.52 4.35 4.26 4.45 4.39 4.64
4.87
3.29 3.38 3.51 3.58 3.68 3.58 3.47 3.36 3.40 3.42 3.41 3.54
3.56 3.60 3.61 3.53 3.63 3.98 4.16 3.93 3.80 3.84 3.68 3.71
3.79
9.30 9.50 9.81 9.85 9.84 9.55 9.08 8.59 8.78 8.59 8.36 8.56
8.64 8.52 8.52 8.28 8.02 8.31 8.38 8.22 8.35 8.60 8.59 8.70
8.84
Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month Beef cattle 1 All hogs 2
2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
January ............ February ........... March ............... April .................. May .................. June ................. July ................... August .............. September ........ October ............ November ......... December .........
120.00 125.00 125.00 119.00 120.00 112.00 110.00 110.00 108.00 110.00 113.00 117.00
121.00 123.00 126.00 125.00 120.00 114.00 112.00 111.00 103.00 107.00 113.00 118.00
122.00
52.50 54.60 50.00 45.30 51.50 59.10 58.60 44.30 43.20 50.30 46.20 43.40
44.60 43.40 46.50 59.40 62.30 59.50 56.60 58.50 47.70 49.10 48.00 47.30
47.80
1 Cows and steers & heifers. 2 Barrows & gilts and sows.
10 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arizona ........................................... Arkansas ......................................... California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Kansas ............................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... Missouri .......................................... Montana .......................................... Nebraska ........................................ North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................ Oklahoma ....................................... Oregon ............................................ South Dakota .................................. Texas .............................................. Washington ..................................... United States ..................................
(D) (D) (D)
4.77 5.06 5.20 5.46 4.90 5.33 5.57
5.24 5.33 4.74 5.41 5.16 5.17 4.86 5.88 5.27 5.51 5.61
5.28
(D) (S) (D)
3.98 5.02 5.63 5.26 4.07 5.24 4.62
5.42 4.75 3.92 5.52 4.50 5.53 4.27 5.83 4.72 4.52 5.51
4.64
(D) (D) (D)
4.21 5.16 5.69 5.48 4.34 5.58 4.89
5.39 4.90 4.13 5.94 4.67 5.46 4.59 6.00 4.66 5.02 5.63
4.87
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arkansas ......................................... California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Kansas ............................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota 1 ..................................... Missouri .......................................... Montana .......................................... Nebraska ........................................ North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................ Oklahoma ....................................... Oregon ............................................ South Dakota .................................. Texas .............................................. Washington ..................................... United States ..................................
(D) (D)
4.77 5.09 5.20 5.46 4.90 5.33 (D)
5.24
5.14 4.74 5.41 4.37 5.17 4.86 5.87 5.17 5.51 5.58
5.25
(S) (D)
3.98 4.96 5.63 5.26 4.07 5.24 (NA) 5.42
4.54 3.92 5.52 3.09 5.53 4.27 5.83 4.51 4.52 5.41
4.57
(D) (D)
4.21 5.14 5.69 5.48 4.34 5.58 (NA) 5.39
4.77 4.13 5.94 (D)
5.46 4.59 6.00 4.48 5.02 5.59
4.86
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 11 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arizona ............................................ California ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... United States ...................................
(D) (S) (D)
5.27 4.78
4.86
(D) (S) (S) (D)
4.06
4.44
(D) (S) (D) (D)
4.49
4.69
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Colorado 1 ........................................ Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ........................................ Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Oregon 1 .......................................... South Dakota ................................... Washington ..................................... United States ...................................
(D) 5.00 5.57 5.69 5.22 5.94 5.40 5.79
5.37
(NA) 5.15 4.62 5.01 4.58 (NA) 4.84 6.01
4.79
(NA) 5.19 4.89 5.05 4.74 (NA) 4.93 5.87
4.91
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1 Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019.
Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Illinois .............................................. Iowa ................................................. Michigan .......................................... Minnesota ........................................ Montana .......................................... Nebraska ......................................... New York ......................................... North Dakota ................................... Oregon ............................................ Pennsylvania ................................... South Dakota ................................... Texas .............................................. Wisconsin ........................................ United States ...................................
(D) 3.82 3.85 (D) (S) (D) (S)
2.44 (S)
4.34 2.71
(S) 3.24
2.67
(S) 3.70
(S) 2.44
(S) (D) (D)
2.60 (S)
4.68 2.72
(S) 2.87
3.19
(D) 4.17 4.24 2.61 (D)
3.35 (D)
2.88 (D) (D)
2.81 (S)
2.97
2.93
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
12 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ....................................... Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Washington ..................................... Wyoming ......................................... United States ..................................
(D) 4.66 5.00 (D)
4.48 4.18 3.05 (D)
4.57
(D) (D)
5.05 (D)
4.26 4.20 4.99 (D)
4.51
(D) (D)
5.09 4.30 4.54 4.26 5.02 (D)
4.68
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ....................................... Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Washington ..................................... Wyoming ......................................... United States ..................................
(D) 4.66 5.07 (D)
4.52 4.34 (D) (D)
4.71
(D) 4.81 5.16 (D)
4.44 4.66 (D) (D)
4.82
(D) (D) (D) (D)
4.70 4.48 (D) (D)
4.83
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ....................................... Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Washington ..................................... Wyoming ......................................... United States ..................................
(S) (S)
3.34 (S)
3.00 3.13 2.98
(S)
3.11
(S) (D)
3.39 (S)
2.89 3.49 2.98 (D)
3.32
(S) (S)
3.98 (D)
2.86 3.27 2.92 (D)
3.27
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 13 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
Arkansas 1 ....................................... Kansas ............................................ Louisiana 1 ....................................... Missouri 1 ......................................... Nebraska ......................................... Oklahoma ........................................ Texas .............................................. United States ...................................
(S) 5.64 (D)
6.72 5.35 5.95 6.05
5.71
(NA) 5.52 (NA) (NA) 5.58 5.93 6.47
5.64
(NA) 5.63 (NA) (NA) 5.63 6.09 6.31
5.75
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019.
Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Colorado ..................................................... Illinois ......................................................... Indiana ....................................................... Iowa ............................................................ Kansas ....................................................... Kentucky ..................................................... Michigan ..................................................... Minnesota ................................................... Missouri ...................................................... Nebraska .................................................... North Carolina ............................................ North Dakota .............................................. Ohio ............................................................ Pennsylvania .............................................. South Dakota .............................................. Tennessee .................................................. Texas ......................................................... Wisconsin ................................................... United States ..............................................
3.59 3.58 3.76 3.52 3.61 3.85 3.62 3.36 3.69 3.52
4.56 3.20 3.69 4.21 3.31 3.81 4.24 3.42
3.56
3.79 3.73 4.01 3.70 3.57 4.07 3.86 3.51 3.86 3.68
4.63 3.28 4.13 4.31 3.56 4.11 4.26 3.56
3.71
3.89 3.76 4.08 3.78 3.67 4.11 3.93 3.59 3.90 3.70
4.73 3.21 4.15 4.31 3.56 3.76 4.28 3.66
3.79
14 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arkansas ......................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Iowa ................................................ Kansas ............................................ Kentucky ......................................... Louisiana ........................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... Mississippi ...................................... Missouri .......................................... Nebraska ........................................ North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................ South Dakota .................................. Tennessee ...................................... Wisconsin ....................................... United States ..................................
8.96 8.87 8.94 8.60 8.10 9.06 8.60 8.62 8.58 8.68
8.75 8.33 9.03 8.05 9.03 8.07 8.99 8.48
8.64
8.90 9.09 9.18 8.69 8.30 9.11 8.89 8.95 8.45 8.93
8.88 8.35 8.79 7.97 9.35 8.43 9.06 8.48
8.70
8.95 9.00 9.20 8.73 8.55 9.22 9.00 9.03 8.44 9.05
8.93 8.53 8.95 8.05 9.39 8.51 9.13 8.63
8.84
Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... Nebraska ........................................ North Dakota ................................... United States ..................................
86.00 24.00 25.00 30.30
(D) (D)
22.40
24.80
(D) 41.20
(D) (D) (D) (D)
31.50
32.00
59.80 (D) (D)
35.10 37.00
(D) 32.70
35.20
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 15 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound)
Alabama .......................................... Arkansas ......................................... Florida ............................................. Georgia ........................................... Mississippi ....................................... New Mexico ..................................... North Carolina ................................. Oklahoma ........................................ South Carolina ................................. Texas .............................................. Virginia ............................................ United States ...................................
0.203 0.076 0.209 0.210 0.045 0.537 0.219 0.223 0.216 0.321 0.225
0.227
0.153 0.081 0.199 0.192 0.064
(S) 0.239 0.260 0.150 0.254
(S)
0.196
0.192 (S)
0.172 0.190 0.064
(S) 0.245 0.241 0.213 0.250 0.216
0.209
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
Kansas ............................................ Minnesota ........................................ North Dakota ................................... South Dakota ................................... United States ...................................
(D) 18.70 17.60 16.60
17.30
(D) 18.80 18.30 16.80
17.60
19.40 19.80 19.10 19.30
19.30
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
Minnesota ........................................ Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Oklahoma ........................................ United States ...................................
(D) 13.50 16.70
(S)
16.70
(D) 14.10 14.40
(S)
14.40
(D) (D)
16.00 (S)
16.00
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
North Dakota ................................... United States ...................................
9.85
9.85
8.91
8.91
8.99
8.99
16 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February]
State
Cotton, Upland Cottonseed
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton)
Alabama ............................ Arizona .............................. Arkansas ............................ California ........................... Georgia .............................. Louisiana ........................... Mississippi ......................... North Carolina .................... Tennessee ......................... Texas ................................. United States .....................
0.667 (D)
0.724 (D)
0.719 0.731 0.701 0.724 0.521 0.636
0.654
0.611 (D)
0.613 (S)
0.643 0.706 0.610 0.632 0.627 0.601
0.615
0.555 (S)
0.620 (S)
0.629 0.635 0.596 0.639 0.586 0.586
0.597
125.00 229.00 140.00
(D) 117.00 180.00 165.00 128.00
(D) 167.00
170.00
115.00 263.00 180.00 295.00 115.00 180.00 160.00 138.00
(D) 172.00
164.00
132.00 270.00
(S) (D)
117.00 180.00
(S) 126.00
(S) 165.00
183.00
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
Item January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
Cotton, Upland Average price ..................................... dollars/pound Marketings 1 .......................................... 1,000 bales Rice, all Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ..............................................1,000 cwt Rice, long Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ..............................................1,000 cwt Rice, medium and short California Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Other States 3 Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt United States Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ..............................................1,000 cwt
0.654 2,409
13.50 20,261
10.90 14,015
21.50
12.30
19.40 6,246
0.615 2,251
12.50 17,971
11.70 14,335
17.40
11.70
15.70 3,636
0.597 3,142
13.10 19,803
12.00 14,792
17.60
11.60
16.30 5,011
1 Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
2 Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3 Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 17 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
State
All hay Alfalfa hay Other hay
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton)
Arizona ........................... California ........................ Colorado ......................... Idaho .............................. Illinois ............................. Iowa ................................ Kansas ........................... Kentucky ......................... Michigan ......................... Minnesota ....................... Missouri .......................... Montana ......................... Nebraska ........................ Nevada ........................... New Mexico .................... New York ........................ North Dakota .................. Ohio ................................ Oklahoma ....................... Oregon ........................... Pennsylvania .................. South Dakota .................. Texas ............................. Utah ................................ Washington .................... Wisconsin ....................... Wyoming ........................ United States ..................
200.00 204.00 240.00 166.00 160.00 130.00 153.00 164.00 166.00 154.00
123.00 143.00 109.00 180.00 247.00 168.00 90.00
149.00 105.00 189.00
220.00 110.00 138.00 184.00 185.00 181.00 171.00
167.00
190.00 189.00 229.00 154.00 168.00 136.00 124.00 143.00 168.00 152.00
123.00 145.00 108.00 180.00 215.00 177.00 84.00
179.00 92.00
200.00
194.00 106.00 137.00 190.00 188.00 229.00 171.00
158.00
195.00 191.00 225.00 153.00 165.00 121.00 128.00 143.00 173.00 145.00
118.00 141.00 98.00
180.00 215.00 174.00 86.00
186.00 96.00
193.00
191.00 105.00 135.00 185.00 183.00 183.00 173.00
155.00
200.00 220.00 240.00 165.00 170.00 135.00 171.00 220.00 175.00 167.00
155.00 145.00 116.00 180.00 260.00 200.00 95.00
185.00 198.00 195.00
241.00 115.00 214.00 185.00 185.00 187.00 175.00
179.00
190.00 200.00 230.00 155.00 185.00 149.00 138.00 205.00 190.00 170.00
155.00 145.00 114.00 180.00 220.00 200.00 87.00
220.00 165.00 200.00
228.00 114.00 202.00 190.00 195.00 242.00 180.00
175.00
195.00 205.00 225.00 155.00 180.00 130.00 141.00 205.00 190.00 163.00
150.00 140.00 103.00 180.00 220.00 200.00 91.00
220.00 153.00 200.00
228.00 112.00 197.00 185.00 195.00 191.00 180.00
171.00
200.00 165.00 240.00 170.00 130.00 120.00 95.00
150.00 145.00 116.00
115.00 135.00 90.00
180.00 165.00 167.00 68.00
130.00 94.00
180.00
215.00 97.00
126.00 140.00 185.00 158.00 145.00
150.00
200.00 150.00 220.00 140.00 130.00 117.00 99.00
125.00 130.00 119.00
115.00 145.00 94.00
170.00 190.00 165.00 66.00
150.00 87.00
200.00
182.00 92.00
128.00 150.00 175.00 182.00 150.00
133.00
200.00 155.00 225.00 140.00 125.00 106.00 99.00
125.00 140.00 113.00
110.00 145.00 86.00
175.00 190.00 165.00 62.00
160.00 89.00
180.00
180.00 94.00
128.00 140.00 160.00 144.00 150.00
134.00
Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: January 2020 State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars per ton) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton)
California ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Michigan .......................................... Minnesota ........................................ New York ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................... Texas .............................................. Wisconsin ........................................ 5-State Total 1 2 ...............................
245.00 180.00 180.00 198.00 240.00 309.00 250.00 227.00
221.00
230.00 165.00 200.00 251.00 235.00 280.00 225.00 275.00
200.00
225.00 175.00 210.00 253.00 246.00 289.00 222.00 267.00
210.00
1 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month).
2 For December 2019, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For January 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin.
18 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: January 2019
Commodity FOB
packed fresh
Equivalent returns
Packinghouse door On-tree
All Fresh Process All Fresh Process
(dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box)
Grapefruit .............................................. Lemons ................................................. Oranges ................................................
34.40
44.90
29.10
19.12
28.96
13.21
24.36
34.63
18.87
14.45
(D)
11.32
15.99
22.58
10.10
21.63
27.98
16.01
10.96
(D)
8.13
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: December 2019
Commodity, State,
and type
FOB packed fresh
Equivalent returns
Packinghouse door On-tree
All Fresh Process All Fresh Process
(dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box)
Grapefruit California ........................................... Florida, all ......................................... White ............................................. Red ............................................... Texas ................................................ United States .................................... Lemons Arizona ............................................. California ........................................... United States .................................... Oranges California, all ..................................... Navel and miscellaneous .............. Valencia ........................................ Florida, all ......................................... Early and mids .............................. Valencia ........................................ Texas, all .......................................... Early and mids .............................. Valencia ........................................ United States ....................................
(D)
32.10 31.10 32.20 34.50
32.60
(D) 45.80
45.80
31.00 31.00
(S) 25.70 25.70
(S) 24.90 24.90
(S)
30.10
19.92 15.96 13.80 16.35 12.92
15.17
(D) 29.64
28.91
17.37 17.37
(S) 11.72 11.72
(S) 10.17 10.17
(S)
13.30
(D)
21.44 20.45 21.55 22.90
22.20
(D) 35.37
35.42
20.68 20.68
(S) 14.35 14.35
(S) 13.30 13.30
(S)
19.63
(D)
8.10 9.60 7.65 (D)
4.52
(D) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (S)
11.60 11.60
(S) (D) (D) (S)
10.77
17.23 12.88 10.72 13.27 11.38
12.81
(D) 23.12
22.43
14.46 14.46
(S) 8.51 8.51
(S) 8.39 8.39
(S)
10.20
(D)
18.64 17.65 18.75 21.29
19.91
(D) 28.59
28.64
17.80 17.80
(S) 10.95 10.95
(S) 11.47 11.47
(S)
16.75
(D)
4.62 6.35 4.10 (D)
2.06
(D) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (S)
8.40 8.40
(S) (D) (D) (S)
7.59
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 19 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: January 2020
Commodity FOB
packed fresh
Equivalent returns
Packinghouse door On-tree
All Fresh Process All Fresh Process
(dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box)
Grapefruit ............................................. Lemons ................................................ Oranges ................................................
31.20
42.80
27.80
12.46
22.42
12.48
20.43
32.35
17.34
5.20
(D)
10.76
10.23
16.14
9.40
18.35
25.57
14.51
2.84
(D)
7.59
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
20 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies]
State January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
Price Fat test Price Fat test Price Fat test
(dollars per cwt) (percent) (dollars per cwt) (percent) (dollars per cwt) (percent)
Arizona ................................ California ............................. Colorado .............................. Florida .................................. Georgia ................................ Idaho .................................... Illinois ................................... Indiana ................................. Iowa ..................................... Kansas ................................. Michigan .............................. Minnesota ............................ New Mexico ......................... New York ............................. Ohio ..................................... Oregon ................................. Pennsylvania ....................... South Dakota ....................... Texas ................................... Utah ..................................... Vermont ............................... Virginia ................................. Washington .......................... Wisconsin ............................ United States .......................
16.30 16.25 17.10 20.30 18.20 15.70 16.50 16.70 16.30 15.70
15.70 16.50 15.00 17.50 17.30 18.70 17.70 17.30 17.00 16.30
17.90 18.40 17.40 16.20
16.60
3.80 4.03 3.87 3.66 3.72 4.09 4.03 4.00 4.05 4.02
3.89 4.13 3.84 3.99 3.99 4.20 3.94 4.33 4.30 4.02
4.04 3.89 4.20 3.99
4.02
19.70 19.80 20.60 23.80 21.90 20.30 21.20 20.40 22.50 19.60
19.40 22.00 19.80 20.50 21.00 23.60 20.90 22.60 21.30 21.30
20.80 21.60 20.50 21.30
20.70
3.91 3.98 3.96 3.74 3.83 4.18 4.07 4.05 4.10 4.12
3.95 4.17 4.00 4.02 4.06 4.19 4.03 4.39 4.36 4.13
4.01 4.00 4.19 3.98
4.05
18.80 19.40 20.00 23.80 21.60 18.60 19.70 19.50 20.50 18.60
18.40 20.30 18.00 19.80 20.10 21.50 20.20 20.70 19.90 19.20
20.30 21.30 19.80 19.40
19.60
3.88 3.97 3.92 3.69 3.80 4.16 4.02 3.99 4.11 4.10
3.90 4.21 3.94 3.99 4.03 4.24 3.99 4.38 4.32 4.11
3.99 3.94 4.24 3.96
4.03
Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory]
State January 2019 October 2019 January 2020
(dollars per head) (dollars per head) (dollars per head)
Arizona ........................................... California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Florida ............................................. Georgia ........................................... Idaho ............................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Iowa ................................................ Kansas ............................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... New Mexico .................................... New York ........................................ Ohio ................................................ Oregon ............................................ Pennsylvania .................................. South Dakota .................................. Texas .............................................. Utah ................................................ Vermont .......................................... Virginia ............................................ Washington ..................................... Wisconsin ....................................... United States ..................................
1,250 1,100 1,200 1,200 1,150 1,250 1,120 1,050 1,080 1,300
1,180 1,050 1,250 1,040 1,000 1,350 1,050 1,120 1,300 1,100
1,100
970 1,200 1,120
1,140
1,450 1,400 1,300 1,280 1,300 1,350 1,200 1,250 1,280 1,300
1,320 1,160 1,400 1,260 1,120 1,350 1,190 1,250 1,350 1,250
1,300 1,120 1,350 1,270
1,310
1,450 1,400 1,300 1,350 1,310 1,350 1,260 1,220 1,200 1,400
1,260 1,140 1,400 1,190 1,200 1,300 1,210 1,280 1,400 1,250
1,290 1,160 1,250 1,260
1,300
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 21 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Parity Price Overview
Parity prices, based on data from January 2020, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are
presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A,
Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and
1956.
The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of
computation is as follows:
a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2020,
the 10-average includes the years 2010-2019). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments
resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those
commodities for which applicable.
b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding
calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to
give an "adjusted base price".
c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices
Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100).
Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This
means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the
United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered
separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present
legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this
Act.
22 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
Commodity and unit Adjusted
base price
Parity price Price as percent
of parity
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Basic commodities All wheat ....................................... bushel Rice ................................................... cwt Corn .............................................. bushel Cotton Upland .......................................pound American Pima ...........................pound Peanuts ..........................................pound Small chickpeas 1 ............................... cwt Large chickpeas 1 ............................... cwt Lentils 1 .............................................. cwt Designated non-basic All milk, to plants 2 .............................. cwt Honey, extracted 3 ..........................pound Wool and mohair Wool ..............................................pound Mohair ............................................pound Other non-basic Apples, fresh 4 ................................pound Barley ........................................... bushel Canola ............................................... cwt Cottonseed ........................................ ton Dry edible beans ................................ cwt Flaxseed ....................................... bushel Oats .............................................. bushel Potatoes, fresh ................................... cwt Sorghum grain ................................... cwt Soybeans ...................................... bushel Sunflower, all ..................................... cwt Citrus (equivalent on-tree) Grapefruit ........................................... box Lemons .............................................. box Oranges ............................................. box Livestock and poultry Beef cattle .......................................... cwt Broilers ..........................................pound Calves ................................................ cwt Eggs 2 ............................................ dozen Hogs .................................................. cwt Turkeys, live ...................................pound
0.558 1.29
0.433
0.070 0.140 0.023 2.40 3.12 2.39
1.80 0.191
0.149 0.457
0.036 0.495 1.87
19.50 3.11 1.09
0.290 1.07
0.736 1.06 2.07
0.837 1.87
1.010
11.90 0.052 17.30 0.101 5.72
0.066
16.90 39.60 13.00
2.04 4.02
0.680 71.60 96.40 75.70
52.10 5.50
4.14 12.60
1.040 14.90 55.60
598.00 94.70 32.20 8.52
32.80 21.90 32.20 62.10
21.80 55.30 26.90
346.00 1.54
503.00 3.02
168.00 1.950
17.10 40.10 13.10
2.06 4.19
0.688 72.40 97.50 76.30
52.60 5.56
4.19 12.70
1.050 15.00 55.90
583.00 95.40 32.60 8.61
32.00 22.20 32.60 62.80
25.00 55.90 30.20
350.00 1.56
508.00 3.05
170.00 1.970
16.70 38.50 12.90
2.09 4.18
0.686 71.60 93.10 71.30
53.70 5.70
4.45 13.60
1.070 14.80 55.80
582.00 92.80 32.50 8.65
31.90 22.00 31.60 61.80
25.00 55.80 30.10
355.00 1.55
516.00 3.01
171.00 1.970
31 34 27
32 29 33 27 20 21
33 39
42 42
38 31 30 28 26 31 31 30 26 27 28
73 41 38
35 36 34 31 27 26
27 31 28
30 27 28 18 18 19
38 39
42 41
32 30 26 28 34 27 37 43 25 27 28
51 40 34
34 29 31 24 28 32
29 34 29
29 28 30 24 20 27
37 38
42 47
29 32 29 31 38 28 34 45 26 28 31
41 29 31
34 32 33 22 28 32
1 Parity prices began January 2015. 2 Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3 Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national
averages are the support prices. 4 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 23 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit Adjusted
base price
Parity price
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Field crops and miscellaneous Hops ............................................................................ pound Mustard seed .................................................................... cwt Rapeseed ......................................................................... cwt Rye .............................................................................. bushel Safflower .......................................................................... cwt Spearmint oil ................................................................ pound Sweet potatoes ................................................................. cwt Tobacco Flue-cured, 11-14 .................................................... pound Fire-cured, 21-23 ..................................................... pound Burley, 31 ................................................................ pound Maryland, 32 ............................................................ pound Dark air-cured, 35-37 ............................................... pound Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 ....................................... pound Non-citrus fruit Apples, processing 1 2 ....................................................... ton Apricots Fresh 3 .......................................................................... ton Dried (California) ........................................................... ton Avocados 2 3 ..................................................................... ton Cherries Sweet ........................................................................... ton Tart 2 ........................................................................ pound Cranberry 2 4 ................................................................. barrel Dates (California) 3 ............................................................ ton Grapes (California) Raisin variety 5 .............................................................. ton Wine, processing .......................................................... ton Kiwifruit 2 ........................................................................... ton Nectarines, fresh (California) 3 .......................................... ton Olives, canning (California) 4 ............................................. ton
0.422 3.15 2.64
0.628 2.19 1.75 2.01
0.187 0.257 0.184 0.173 0.229 0.201
20.30
128.00 313.00 198.00
210.00 0.030 3.55
184.00
147.00 75.90
105.00 78.50
111.00
12.00 97.60 80.20 18.50 66.30 51.20 61.20
5.47 7.51 5.35 5.06 6.74 5.80
598.00
3,580.00 9,260.00 5,920.00
6,360.00
0.947 114.00
4,700.00
4,350.00 2,130.00 3,110.00 2,160.00 3,140.00
12.10 94.20 79.00 18.80 65.50 52.30 61.60
5.59 7.69 5.50 5.17 6.85 6.01
607.00
3,830.00 9,360.00 5,920.00
6,280.00
0.897 106.00
5,500.00
4,400.00 2,270.00 3,140.00 2,350.00 3,320.00
12.60 94.00 78.80 18.70 65.30 52.20 60.00
5.58 7.67 5.49 5.16 6.83 6.00
606.00
3,820.00 9,340.00 5,910.00
6,270.00
0.895 106.00
5,490.00
4,390.00 2,260.00 3,130.00 2,340.00 3,310.00
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
24 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit Adjusted
base price
Parity price
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Non-citrus fruit - continued Papayas (Hawaii) ......................................................... pound Peaches Fresh 4 6 ....................................................................... ton Dried (California) 1 5 ...................................................... ton Processing, excludes dried Clingstone (California) 4 .......................................... ton Pears, Fresh 6 .................................................................. ton Plums (California) equivalent on-tree Fresh 7 ......................................................................... ton Prunes, dried (California) 1 2 5 ........................................... ton Strawberries Fresh 10 .................................................................... pound Processing ............................................................... pound Sugar crops Sugar beets 2 8 ............................................................. ton Sugarcane 2 8 ............................................................... ton Tree nuts 9 Almonds ....................................................................... pound Hazelnuts ......................................................................... ton Pistachios .................................................................... pound Walnuts ............................................................................ ton Vegetables, fresh 10 Carrots 11 ......................................................................... cwt Cauliflower 11 .................................................................... cwt Celery 11 ........................................................................... cwt Honeydew melons ............................................................ cwt Lettuce ............................................................................. cwt Onions 11 .......................................................................... cwt Tomatoes ......................................................................... cwt
0.045
103.00 43.30
39.20
63.90
74.50
178.00
9.82 3.74
4.91 3.50
0.253 237.00 0.244
236.00
2.82 4.66 2.05 2.04 2.52 1.41 4.01
1.24
2,880.00 1,280.00
1,120.00
1,880.00
2,030.00 5,060.00
285.00 107.00
151.00 104.00
7.16 6,980.00
7.04 7,010.00
82.50 136.00 58.60 59.80 71.90 41.70
120.00
1.35
3,080.00 1,300.00
1,170.00
1,910.00
2,230.00 5,320.00
294.00 112.00
153.00 105.00
7.57 7,090.00
7.30 7,060.00
84.30 139.00
61.30 61.00 75.40 42.20
120.00
1.34
3,070.00 1,290.00
1,170.00
1,910.00
2,220.00 5,310.00
293.00 112.00
147.00 104.00
7.55 7,070.00
7.28 7,040.00
84.10 139.00 61.20 60.90 75.20 42.10
120.00
1 Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2 Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3 Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4 Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5 Dried basis. 6 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale
for other states. 7 Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8 Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment
payments not included. 9 Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10 FOB shipping point price. 11 Includes some processing.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 25 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Market Year for Specified Commodities
Cattle ……………………………………………………………………………………………... January1 – December 31
Milk Cows ………………………………………………………………………………………... January1 – December 31
Hogs …………………………………………………………………………………………… December 1 – November 30
Cattle Market Year Average Prices Received – United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019 [All beef includes steer and heifers combined and cows. Cows include beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. Milk cow prices are calendar year average of quarterly estimates.]
Year Cows Steers
and heifers
Calves Beef cattle Milk cows
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per head)
2018 ............................ 2019 ............................
63.50 62.00
117.00 118.00
170.00 159.00
115.00 116.00
1,360.00 1,200.00
Hog Market Year Average Prices Received – United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019
Year Barrows and gilts Sows All
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
2018 .................................. 2019 ..................................
50.50 51.70
41.30 41.10
50.20 51.40
26 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Milk Cow Market Year Average Prices Received – States and United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019
State 2018 2019
(dollars per head) (dollars per head)
Alabama ............................................................. Alaska ................................................................. Arizona ............................................................... Arkansas ............................................................. California ............................................................ Colorado ............................................................. Connecticut ......................................................... Delaware ............................................................ Florida ................................................................. Georgia ............................................................... Hawaii ................................................................. Idaho ................................................................... Illinois .................................................................. Indiana ................................................................ Iowa .................................................................... Kansas ................................................................ Kentucky ............................................................. Louisiana ............................................................ Maine .................................................................. Maryland ............................................................. Massachusetts .................................................... Michigan ............................................................. Minnesota ........................................................... Mississippi .......................................................... Missouri .............................................................. Montana .............................................................. Nebraska ............................................................ Nevada ............................................................... New Hampshire .................................................. New Jersey ......................................................... New Mexico ........................................................ New York ............................................................ North Carolina ..................................................... North Dakota ....................................................... Ohio .................................................................... Oklahoma ........................................................... Oregon ................................................................ Pennsylvania ...................................................... Rhode Island ....................................................... South Carolina .................................................... South Dakota ...................................................... Tennessee .......................................................... Texas .................................................................. Utah .................................................................... Vermont .............................................................. Virginia ................................................................ Washington ......................................................... West Virginia ....................................................... Wisconsin ........................................................... Wyoming ............................................................. United States ......................................................
1,280 1,700 1,540 1,260 1,330 1,500 1,480 1,260 1,420 1,370
1,850 1,490 1,320 1,260 1,290 1,500 1,180 1,380 1,300 1,320
1,310 1,330 1,240 1,380 1,150 1,410 1,490 1,480 1,370 1,300
1,560 1,250 1,330 1,300 1,200 1,330 1,560 1,270 1,410 1,280
1,380 1,370 1,510 1,450 1,430 1,210 1,430 1,290 1,310 1,390
1,360
1,080 2,080 1,340 1,040 1,230 1,240 1,070 1,000 1,230 1,230
1,360 1,280 1,170 1,140 1,160 1,300 1,030 1,170 1,070 1,140
1,110 1,230 1,090 1,180 1,000 1,290 1,170 1,280 1,220 1,030
1,280 1,140 1,070 1,080 1,040 1,140 1,300 1,120 1,050 1,130
1,180 1,060 1,300 1,140 1,190 1,040 1,240
990 1,180 1,230
1,200
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 27 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Cows, Steers and Heifers, Calves, Beef Cattle, and Milk Cows by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019 [All beef includes steer & heifers combined and cows. Cows include beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. Milk cow prices are calendar year average. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory.]
Month Cows
Steers and
heifers Calves Beef cattle Milk cows
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
cwt) (dollars per
head) (dollars per
head)
January ............... February .............. March .................. April ..................... May ..................... June .................... July ...................... August ................. September ........... October ............... November ............ December ............
63.30 65.60 68.90 67.50 66.20 66.30 66.80 63.00 60.80 57.80 52.70 51.80
54.20 58.90 62.80 61.30 65.60 65.90 67.00 68.30 65.60 60.90 57.70 59.30
123.00 127.00 127.00 122.00 122.00 113.00 112.00 112.00 110.00 112.00 115.00 119.00
124.00 126.00 129.00 128.00 122.00 115.00 113.00 112.00 104.00 109.00 115.00 120.00
174.00 180.00 175.00 170.00 165.00 158.00 153.00 160.00 169.00 174.00 169.00 166.00
169.00 170.00 170.00 174.00 148.00 149.00 144.00 142.00 144.00 154.00 158.00 159.00
120.00 125.00 125.00 119.00 120.00 112.00 110.00 110.00 108.00 110.00 113.00 117.00
121.00 123.00 126.00 125.00 120.00 114.00 112.00 111.00 103.00 107.00 113.00 118.00
1,520.00 (NA) (NA)
1,360.00 (NA) (NA)
1,320.00 (NA) (NA)
1,230.00 (NA) (NA)
1,140.00 (NA) (NA)
1,140.00 (NA) (NA)
1,230.00 (NA) (NA)
1,310.00 (NA) (NA)
(NA) Not available.
Prices Received for Barrows and Gilts, Sows, and All Hogs by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018 and 2019 [December preceding year]
Month Barrows and gilts Sows All hogs
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
December ........................ January ........................... February .......................... March .............................. April ................................. May ................................. June ................................ July .................................. August ............................. September ....................... October ........................... November ........................
48.80 52.90 54.60 50.00 45.50 51.80 59.80 59.20 44.70 43.70 50.80 46.30
43.60 45.00 43.60 46.50 59.70 62.30 60.00 57.40 59.30 48.30 49.70 48.20
41.80 40.40 54.50 47.70 40.20 43.50 42.00 43.60 34.00 28.60 35.20 43.30
38.00 32.30 36.20 43.90 50.60 61.80 47.50 35.60 38.30 31.90 33.10 41.90
48.60 52.50 54.60 50.00 45.30 51.50 59.10 58.60 44.30 43.20 50.30 46.20
43.40 44.60 43.40 46.50 59.40 62.30 59.50 56.60 58.50 47.70 49.10 48.00
28 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Milk Cows by Month – States and United States: 2019 [Cows sold for dairy herd replacement. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory.]
State January
2019 April 2019
July 2019
October 2019
(dollars per head) (dollars per head) (dollars per head) (dollars per head)
Arizona ................................ California ............................. Colorado .............................. Florida .................................. Georgia ................................ Idaho .................................... Illinois ................................... Indiana ................................. Iowa ..................................... Kansas ................................. Michigan .............................. Minnesota ............................ New Mexico ......................... New York ............................. Ohio ..................................... Oregon ................................. Pennsylvania ....................... South Dakota ....................... Texas ................................... Utah ..................................... Vermont ............................... Virginia ................................. Washington .......................... Wisconsin ............................ United States .......................
1,250 1,100 1,200 1,200 1,150 1,250 1,120 1,050 1,080 1,300
1,180 1,050 1,250 1,040 1,000 1,350 1,050 1,120 1,300 1,100
1,100
970 1,200 1,120
1,140
1,300 1,100 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,170 1,100 1,090 1,300
1,180 1,060 1,200 1,090 1,000 1,200 1,090 1,170 1,250 1,100
1,120
980 1,150 1,130
1,140
1,350 1,300 1,250 1,220 1,260 1,300 1,200 1,150 1,180 1,300
1,250 1,100 1,250 1,180 1,050 1,300 1,160 1,170 1,300 1,100
1,250 1,070 1,250 1,210
1,230
1,450 1,400 1,300 1,280 1,300 1,350 1,200 1,250 1,280 1,300
1,320 1,160 1,400 1,260 1,120 1,350 1,190 1,250 1,350 1,250
1,300 1,120 1,350 1,270
1,310
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 29 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for All Cattle and Calves – States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020
State Value per head Total value
2019 2020 2019 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)
Alabama ......................... Alaska ............................ Arizona ........................... Arkansas ........................ California ........................ Colorado ......................... Connecticut .................... Delaware ........................ Florida ............................ Georgia .......................... Hawaii ............................ Idaho .............................. Illinois ............................. Indiana ........................... Iowa ................................ Kansas ........................... Kentucky ......................... Louisiana ........................ Maine ............................. Maryland ......................... Massachusetts ................ Michigan ......................... Minnesota ....................... Mississippi ...................... Missouri .......................... Montana ......................... Nebraska ........................ Nevada ........................... New Hampshire .............. New Jersey ..................... New Mexico .................... New York ........................ North Carolina ................ North Dakota .................. Ohio ................................ Oklahoma ....................... Oregon ........................... Pennsylvania .................. Rhode Island .................. South Carolina ................ South Dakota .................. Tennessee ...................... Texas ............................. Utah ................................ Vermont .......................... Virginia ........................... Washington .................... West Virginia .................. Wisconsin ....................... Wyoming ........................ United States ..................
840 1,280
940 890 980
1,110 1,070
980 1,000
950
700 1,050 1,020
920 1,130 1,070
850 950 980 930
920 950 940 860 970
1,310 1,210 1,180
980 1,100
1,010
990 730
1,340 860
1,010 1,090
910 1,180
820
1,240 890 990
1,150 1,000
860 930 870 950
1,260
1,031
830 1,370
940 870
1,020 1,130
930 850 940 890
800
1,060 1,040
920 1,100 1,050
830 920 900 910
860 960 960 860 970
1,300 1,170 1,190
910 1,000
1,050
980 740
1,330 890 990
1,140 920
1,070 840
1,230
850 970
1,180 990 870
1,030 900 930
1,250
1,024
1,092,000 20,480
958,800 1,584,200 5,047,000 3,163,500
50,290 14,700
1,680,000 1,016,500
99,400
2,625,000 1,213,800
809,600 4,463,500 6,848,000 1,810,500
760,000 76,440
183,210
34,040 1,102,000 2,180,800
774,000 4,122,500 3,275,000 8,228,000
554,600 32,340 33,000
1,494,800 1,435,500
584,000 2,452,200 1,126,600 5,353,000 1,427,900 1,456,000
5,546 287,000
5,022,000 1,602,000
12,870,000 931,500 255,000
1,238,400 1,097,400
339,300 3,277,500 1,638,000
97,746,846
1,087,300 23,290
911,800 1,513,800 5,304,000 3,164,000
45,570 12,750
1,579,200 979,000
112,000
2,639,400 1,144,000
772,800 4,290,000 6,772,500 1,767,900
717,600 72,000
162,890
29,240 1,104,000 2,188,800
791,200 4,219,500 3,250,000 7,956,000
571,200 29,120 28,000
1,522,500 1,440,600
599,400 2,527,000 1,148,100 5,148,000 1,459,200 1,407,600
4,601 285,600
4,797,000 1,538,500
12,610,000 967,600 247,500
1,261,500 1,236,000
355,500 3,208,500 1,650,000
96,653,561
30 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Hogs – States and United States: December 1, 2018 and 2019
State Value per head Total value
2018 2019 2018 2019
(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)
Alabama ................................................. Alaska ..................................................... Arizona ................................................... Arkansas ................................................. California ................................................ Colorado ................................................. Connecticut ............................................. Delaware ................................................ Florida ..................................................... Georgia ................................................... Hawaii ..................................................... Idaho ....................................................... Illinois ...................................................... Indiana .................................................... Iowa ........................................................ Kansas .................................................... Kentucky ................................................. Louisiana ................................................ Maine ...................................................... Maryland ................................................. Massachusetts ........................................ Michigan ................................................. Minnesota ............................................... Mississippi .............................................. Missouri .................................................. Montana .................................................. Nebraska ................................................ Nevada ................................................... New Hampshire ...................................... New Jersey ............................................. New Mexico ............................................ New York ................................................ North Carolina ......................................... North Dakota ........................................... Ohio ........................................................ Oklahoma ............................................... Oregon .................................................... Pennsylvania .......................................... Rhode Island ........................................... South Carolina ........................................ South Dakota .......................................... Tennessee .............................................. Texas ...................................................... Utah ........................................................ Vermont .................................................. Virginia .................................................... Washington ............................................. West Virginia ........................................... Wisconsin ............................................... Wyoming ................................................. United States ..........................................
112 221 115 110 145 110 145 110 110 100
170 110 97 97 96
100 95
112 120 120
105 95 97
108 99
113 100 121 115 120
115 105 91
103 107 120 115 95
120 96
100 91
115 105 135 94
115 112 97
105
98
110 220 110 105 145 105 145 110 112 100
170 110 102 102 102 100 93
110 120 120
105 99
102 106 103 113 103 120 115 120
115 105 96
100 104 116 115 100 120 95
102 93
114 105 135 96
115 105 101 110
102
3,696 420
19,550 14,300 14,645 82,500
537 715
1,430 7,200
1,530 3,520
523,800 412,250
2,265,600 205,000 27,075
672 528
2,280
840 112,100 882,700 20,520
361,350 21,696
355,000 726 403
1,020
150 4,830
837,200 14,935
272,850 264,000
1,035 124,450
204 20,160
175,000 20,475
127,650 74,550
500 32,430 1,955
448 31,040 9,240
7,356,703
3,960 418
17,710 12,285 15,370 78,750
580 770
1,120 6,200
1,870 3,850
545,700 438,600
2,529,600 214,000 40,455
660 552
2,400
840 120,780 938,400 20,140
334,750 23,730
386,250 600 391 900
230
5,565 883,200 14,200
291,200 263,320
1,265 131,000
192 18,525
202,980 23,250
128,820 100,800
486 32,640 1,955
315 36,865 10,340
7,888,779
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 31 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Sheep and Lambs – States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020
State
Sheep and lambs
Value per head Total value
2019 2020 2019 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)
Arizona ............................................ California ......................................... Colorado .......................................... Idaho ............................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Iowa ................................................. Kansas ............................................ Kentucky .......................................... Michigan .......................................... Minnesota ........................................ Missouri ........................................... Montana .......................................... Nebraska ......................................... Nevada ............................................ New England 1 ................................. New Mexico ..................................... New York ......................................... North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................. Oklahoma ........................................ Oregon ............................................ Pennsylvania ................................... South Dakota ................................... Tennessee ....................................... Texas .............................................. Utah ................................................. Virginia ............................................ Washington ..................................... West Virginia ................................... Wisconsin ........................................ Wyoming ......................................... Other States 2 .................................. United States ...................................
174 205 202 201 228 235 231 223 199 197
213 185 207 227 230 239 191 211 194 196
223 231 193 202 208 209 181 217 197 205
192 215 209
185
203
169 210 205 207 227 239 229 218 195 199
209 187 210 224 230 234 187 216 196 200
228 233 197 207 211 207 183 212 202 199
187 214 215
190
205
20,010 112,750 84,840 44,220 12,084 14,100 35,343 16,056 12,736 16,942
26,625 18,500 44,505 17,025 14,490 11,472 19,100 16,880 5,626
14,112
26,983 11,550 33,775 19,190 53,040 10,032
135,750 62,930 15,563 10,250
6,144
16,125 73,150
29,600
1,061,498
17,745 119,700 87,125 47,610 12,485 13,623 34,579 15,914 12,090 16,915
24,035 18,700 42,000 17,472 14,950 12,168 17,765 18,792 5,880
15,000
28,728 12,116 32,505 19,872 52,750 10,143
134,505 60,420 14,746 9,950
6,171
17,334 73,100
29,450
1,066,338
1 New England includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. 2 Individual State estimates not available for States not shown, but are included in Other States.
Prices Received Value per Head and Total Value for Angora Goats – States and United States: January 1, 2019 and 2020
State
Angora goats
Value per head Total value
2019 2020 2019 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)
Arizona ............................................ California ......................................... New Mexico ..................................... Texas .............................................. 4-State average ...............................
120.00 100.00 109.00 140.00
131.80
114.00 (NA)
115.00 140.00
132.70
3,240 300 981
10,500
15,021
2,394 (NA)
1,035 10,500
13,929
(NA) Not available.
32 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Other Hay Baled Market Year Average Prices Received – Selected Regions: 2015-2017, 2016-2018, and 2017-2019 Averages [Prices provided to the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture to compute Eastern National Forest grazing fees]
Region 3-year average
2015-2017 2016-2018 2017-2019
(dollars per ton) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton)
Appalachia 1 ........................................................ Corn Belt 2 .......................................................... Florida ................................................................. Lake States 3 ....................................................... Northeast 4 .......................................................... Southeast/Delta 5 ................................................
115.10 93.00
155.30 76.20
169.70 101.10
120.10 98.90
156.60 89.00
156.80 99.70
121.70 110.50 152.90 110.20 159.30 99.90
1 Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. 2 Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Ohio. 3 Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. 4 Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Vermont. 5 Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 33 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Reliability of Prices Received Estimates
Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The
average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash
receipts for the commodity.
Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about
1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance
of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States
production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from
AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and
livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also
excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private
marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities.
Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight
average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales.
Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in
Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent
historic estimates.
Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year
Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices.
Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one
percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for
non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures
approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to
such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in
coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling
errors.
Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which
included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the
agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure
and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series.
Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current 1990-1992 base reference period to
2011; linked the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by
researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also the
modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market
weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights.
Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an
annual index.
The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent.
The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.
See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.
34 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
January Prices Paid by Farmers
The January Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 110.3,
is up 0.2 percent from December 2019 but down 0.1 percent from January 2019.
Production: The January index, at 106.3, is down 0.1 percent from December and 1.0 percent from last year. Lower
prices for nitrogen, LP gas, herbicides, and mixed fertilizer more than offset higher prices for feeder cattle, feeder pigs,
interest, and rent.
Feed: At 102.5, the January index increased 0.2 percent from December and 0.7 percent from last January. Since
December, higher prices for complete feeds, feed grains, and concentrates more than offset lower prices for
supplements and hay and forages.
Livestock and poultry: The January index, at 106.8, increased 4.1 percent from December and 0.8 percent from
last year. Since December, higher prices for feeder cattle and feeder pigs more than offset lower prices for milk
cows. The January feeder cattle price, at $148.00 per cwt, is up $5.00 per cwt from the December. The January
feeder pigs price, at $160.00 per cwt, is up $24.00 per cwt from the previous month.
Fertilizer: The index for January, at 60.2, is down 3.5 percent from December and 14 percent from January a
year ago. Since December, prices for nitrogen, mixed fertilizer, and potash and phosphate are low.
Chemicals: The January index, at 96.5, is down 1.2 percent from December and 6.7 percent from last January.
Fuels: At 66.7, the January index is down 2.1 percent from December and 0.4 percent from January 2019.
Compared with December, prices are lower for LP gas, diesel, and gasoline.
Machinery: The index for January, at 128.9, increased 0.6 percent from December and 3.5 percent from last
January. Compared with last month, prices are higher for self-propelled machinery but lower for other machinery.
Consumer Price Index: The January 2020 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 2.5 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 257.971 (1982-1984=100).
For the month, the index increased 0.4 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 35 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group and
Ratios
1910-1914 Base 2011 Base
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
January 2019
December 2019
January 2020
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Prices paid by farmers for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PPITW) ......................................... Production .......................................... Feed ............................................... Livestock and poultry ...................... Seeds ............................................. Fertilizer .......................................... Chemicals ....................................... Fuels ............................................... Supplies and repairs ....................... Autos and trucks ............................. Machinery ....................................... Building materials ........................... Services and rent ............................ Services .......................................... Rent ................................................ Interest 1 ............................................. Taxes 2 ............................................... Wage rates ......................................... Family living-CPI 3 ............................... Production, interest, taxes, ..................... and wage rates (PITW) .......................
2989 2235 1121 2092 3885 841 929
1873 1347
3256 7607 2741 2474 (NA) (NA)
4205 7000 9574 2391
3108
2979 2215 1127 2025 3800 751 878
1905 1358
3244 7828 2742 2470 (NA) (NA)
4205 7000 9612 2441
3086
2984 2213 1130 2108 3800 725 866
1866 1360
3264 7880 2755 2480 (NA) (NA)
4307 7095 9612 2451
3089
110.4 107.4 101.8 106.0 118.2 69.8
103.4 67.0
114.2
105.9 124.5 117.8 (NA)
116.5 116.5
115.3 117.9 133.7 111.9
110.2
110.1 106.4 102.3 102.6 115.6 62.4 97.7 68.1
115.2
105.5 128.1 117.9 (NA)
116.2 116.5
115.3 117.9 134.2 114.3
109.4
110.3 106.3 102.5 106.8 115.6 60.2 96.5 66.7
115.3
106.2 128.9 118.4 (NA)
116.2 117.8
118.1 119.5 134.2 114.7
109.6
Ratio (received/paid) ............................... Parity ratio 4 ............................................ Parity ratio adjusted 5 .............................. PPITW adjusted for productivity 6 .......................................
(NA) 30 32
1682
(NA) 31 33
1689
(NA) 31 32
1704
78 (NA) (NA)
(NA)
83 (NA) (NA)
(NA)
81 (NA) (NA)
(NA)
Crop sector (PPITW) .............................. Livestock sector (PPITW) .......................
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
111.6 109.2
111.0 109.1
110.7 109.8
Farm sector (production) ......................... Non-farm sector (production) ..................
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
106.4 107.9
105.1 107.2
106.4 106.3
(NA) Not available. 1 Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2 Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4 Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5 Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6 PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years.
36 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average]
Index Group
Relative weights Indexes (2011=100)
2019 2020 January
2019 December
2019 January
2020
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Production items ................................................... Feed ................................................................. Feed grains ................................................... Complete feeds ............................................. Hay and forages ............................................ Concentrates ................................................. Supplements ................................................. Livestock and poultry ........................................ Feeder cattle ................................................. Feeder pigs ................................................... Milk cow replacements .................................. Poultry ........................................................... Seeds ............................................................... Field crops .................................................... Grasses and legumes ................................... Fertilizer ............................................................ Mixed fertilizer ............................................... Nitrogen ........................................................ Potash and phosphate .................................. Chemicals ......................................................... Herbicides ..................................................... Insecticides ................................................... Fungicides and other ..................................... Fuels ................................................................. Diesel ............................................................ Gasoline ........................................................ LP gas ........................................................... Supplies and repairs ......................................... Supplies ........................................................ Repairs ......................................................... Autos and trucks ............................................... Autos ............................................................. Trucks ........................................................... Machinery ......................................................... Tractors ......................................................... Self-propelled ................................................ Other machinery ............................................ Building materials .............................................. Services ............................................................ Custom rates ................................................. Other services ............................................... Rent .................................................................. Cash ............................................................. Share ............................................................ Interest .................................................................. Taxes .................................................................... Wage rates ........................................................... Family living-CPI ...................................................
73.2
12.8 1.8 6.3 1.6 2.0 1.1 8.8 6.8 0.7 0.7 0.5
5.4 4.9 0.5 5.0 2.2 2.1 0.7 3.6 2.2 0.8 0.5
2.8 1.8 0.6 0.5 4.6 1.5 3.1 1.3 0.2 1.1
5.3 1.2 2.1 2.0 4.1
11.7 1.2
10.5 7.8 4.2 3.6
2.6 3.2 7.2
13.9
72.9
13.3 1.9 6.5 1.7 2.1 1.1 9.2 7.2 0.7 0.7 0.6
5.1 4.6 0.5 5.1 2.2 2.1 0.7 3.5 2.2 0.8 0.5
3.2 2.0 0.7 0.5 4.6 1.5 3.0 1.2 0.2 1.1
4.7 1.0 1.9 1.8 4.0
11.9 1.2
10.7 7.1 3.8 3.3
2.6 3.1 7.4
14.0
107.4
101.8 59.9
106.2 111.0 111.6 114.6 106.0 106.8 125.0 80.3
104.3
118.2 116.9 131.0 69.8 71.8 69.2 65.6
103.4 104.0 103.7 100.2
67.0 67.2 62.5 71.5
114.2 114.6 114.0 105.9 100.5 106.8
124.5 110.4 130.3 126.5 117.8 116.5 118.4 116.3 116.5 123.3 108.6
115.3 117.9 133.7 111.9
106.4
102.3 62.1
108.3 104.2 111.3 115.8 102.6 104.1 97.1 92.3
104.3
115.6 114.0 131.8 62.4 67.0 62.2 48.5 97.7 98.3 97.8 95.1
68.1 70.3 72.1 55.1
115.2 116.2 114.7 105.5 100.1 106.4
128.1 109.3 137.0 129.6 117.9 116.2 118.4 115.9 116.5 123.3 108.6
115.3 117.9 134.2 114.3
106.3
102.5 63.3
109.0 103.1 111.8 113.7 106.8 107.8 114.3 91.5
104.3
115.6 114.0 131.8 60.2 65.9 58.4 47.6 96.5 97.0 96.5 93.9
66.7 70.1 71.9 47.6
115.3 116.4 114.7 106.2 100.8 107.0
128.9 109.3 139.4 129.3 118.4 116.2 118.4 116.0 117.8 124.7 109.7
118.1 119.5 134.2 114.7
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 37 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Feed Price Ratios – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons
Feed price ratio 1 January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2 .......................................................... Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in value to 1 dozen eggs 3 ....................................................................................... Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of hog, live weight ............................................................................ Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4 ...................................................................... Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, live weight ....................................................................................................... Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5 ..............................................................
5.8
9.5
12.5
2.06
34.8
5.6
4.5
8.3
12.7
2.55
32.3
6.9
4.8
5.2
12.6
2.41
33.0
6.7
1 Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat.
2 The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
3 The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
4 The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
5 The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.
Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Broilers, live ......................................................................... pound Eggs, market ....................................................................... dozen Hogs, all ...................................................................................cwt Milk, all .....................................................................................cwt Steers and heifers ....................................................................cwt Turkeys, live ........................................................................ pound Corn ................................................................................... bushel Hay, alfalfa ............................................................................... ton Soybeans ........................................................................... bushel Wheat, all ........................................................................... bushel
0.560 0.797
44.60 16.60
124.00 0.509
3.56
179.00
8.64 5.28
0.450 0.715
47.30 20.70
120.00 0.624
3.71
175.00
8.70 4.64
0.490 0.453
47.80 19.60
125.00 0.625
3.79
171.00
8.84 4.87
Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: January 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item January 2019 December 2019 January 2020
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Feeder cattle & calves ..............................................................cwt Feeder pigs ..............................................................................cwt
146.00 175.00
143.00 136.00
148.00 160.00
38 Agricultural Prices (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates
Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce
agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total
producer expenditures for the item.
Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and
ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate
in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by
farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production
input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the
month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed.
Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey.
Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure
data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and
Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for
individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes
referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor
supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) indexes.
Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision
must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March
when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change.
Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors.
However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent.
Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in
interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the
survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors.
Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving
weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the
annual average index was replaced by an annual index.
As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are
adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for
computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were
constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights.
Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an
annual index.
The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data.
The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent.
The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.
See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.
Agricultural Prices (February 2020) 39 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Information Contacts General Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch ............................................ (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ............................................................................................ (202) 720-2127 James Johanson – County Estimates, Hay ..................................................................................................... (202) 690-8533 Jeff Lemmons – Oats, Soybeans .................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Chris Hawthorn – Peanuts, Rice .................................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Irwin Anolik – Crop Weather ........................................................................................................................ (202) 720-7621 Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ............................................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068 Chris Singh – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ......................................................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson – Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower, Barley ..................................... (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables, and Special Crops Section ..................................................... (202) 720-2127 Joshua Bates – Almonds, Apples, Apricots, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco ...................................................................................................................... (202) 720-4288 Fleming Gibson – Cauliflower, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Macadamia,
Mandarins and tangerines, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges ................................................................. ……. (202) 720-5412
Greg Lemmons –Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries,
Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes, Tame Blueberries,
Wild Blueberries……… ................................................................................................................... …….. (202) 720-4285
Dan Norris – Artichokes, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Lentils,
Nectarines, Papayas, Peaches, Snap Beans, Spinach, Walnuts, Watermelon .................................. ......... (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal – Dry beans, Garlic, Hazelnuts, Honeydews, Kiwifruit, Lettuce, Maple Syrup, Mint, Pears, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Tomatoes ................................................................................ (202) 720-2157 Dawn Smoker – Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates,
Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans ................................................................................................. ……. (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch .......................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ............................................................................................................. (202) 690-2424 Holly Brenize – Sheep and Goats .................................................................................................................. (202) 720-0585 Heidi Lanouette – Cattle and Cattle on Feed ................................................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller – Milk, Milk Cows ..................................................................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins – Hogs and Pigs ........................................................................................................................ (202) 720-3106 Tony Dorn, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section ...................................................................... (202) 690-3223 Fatema Haque – Turkeys ............................................................................................................................... (202) 720-3244 Kim Linonis – Eggs ....................................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Adam Peters – Honey .................................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3237 Takiyah Walker - Broilers.............................................................................................................................. (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch ............................................ (202) 720-6146 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section .......................................................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Kuan Chen – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios ................................................................................................................ (202) 690-3347 John Stephens– Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices ................................................................................ (202) 720-8844
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For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program
or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or
employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.
Price Program Links Economics and Prices
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php
January 2014 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf
January 2015 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf
April 2015 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.pdf
February 2016 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.pdf