Post on 04-Jul-2015
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Agricultural Innovation Systems:!‘Introduction 100,001’
Jens A. Andersson, CIMMYT!Elias Damtew, ILRI!Zelalem Lema, ILRI
An Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) is,!!‘…a network of organisations, enterprises, and individuals focused on bringing new products, new processes, and new forms of organisation into economic use, together with the institutions and policies that affect their behaviour and performance.’ (WorldBank, 2009)
An Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) is,!!‘…a network of organisations, enterprises, and individuals focused on bringing new products, new processes, and new forms of organisation into economic use, together with the institutions and policies that affect their behaviour and performance.’ (WorldBank, 2009)
!
policies
rules
regulations
subsidies
research
Service Providers
ExtensionCBOs
processors
marketing agents
traders
govt. policy makersdonors
NGOs
district agr. office
agro-dealers
ToT (1960s-)
FSR (1980s-)
FPR (1990s-)
Innovation systems
researchers researchers (+ farmers)
researchers with farmers multiple
Technology packages
Adjusted!Packages!(diagnosis)
joint knowledge production
Interactive, innovation,
(co-)learning
Knowledge base:
‘products’:
Model:
Agricultural Innovation Systems thinking: Its origins…
Technologies Actors / stakeholders
Innovation system
Farm household system
Crop-livestock system
Rufino (2004)
social processes!power, linkages,!
(facilitation)
livelihoods,!people
!technologies,!
bio-physical laws
!"!!
Nested systems…
!
policies
rules
regulations
subsidies
research
Service Providers
ExtensionCBOs
processors
marketing agents
traders
govt. policy makersdonors
NGOs
district agr. office
agro-dealers
• is a space for learning and change !• a group of individuals (who often represent organizations)
with different backgrounds and interests: farmers, traders, food processors, researchers, government officials, etc. !
• members come together to diagnose problems, identify opportunities and find ways to achieve their goals. They may design and implement activities as a platform, or co-ordinate activities by individual members. (ILRI-IP practice briefs, 2013)
!
‘a multi-actor configuration deliberately set up to facilitate and undertake various activities around identified agricultural innovation challenges and opportunities, at different levels in agricultural systems (e.g. village, country, sector or value chain).’ !
Kilelu et al (2013)!
" !""""
What is an R4D / MS / Innovation Platform (IP)?
• is a space for learning and change !• a group of individuals (who often represent organizations)
with different backgrounds and interests: farmers, traders, food processors, researchers, government officials, etc. !
• members come together to diagnose problems, identify opportunities and find ways to achieve their goals. They may design and implement activities as a platform, or co-ordinate activities by individual members. (ILRI-IP practice briefs, 2013)
" !""""
What is an R4D / MS / Innovation Platform (IP)?
Some functions of Innovation Platforms:!!Demand articulation – Facilitating the identification of innovation challenges and opportunities as perceived by the different stakeholders!!Institutional support – Facilitating and advocating institutional change (e.g. policy change, new business models, capacity building, etc.)!!Network brokering – Identifying and linking different actors (for instance, for scaling-out)!!Innovation process management – Coordinating interaction and facilitating negotiation and learning among different actors. !!Feedback mechanism – providing platform for evaluation and reflection (for research interventions)
adapted from: Kilelu et al (2013)
Everything is a ‘platform’…
Who is (not) involved? – organisational landscape, who’s interests
What is the purpose?
What is being done? – action
What level of operation? – local / district
Innovation platforms practice brief 12, November 20131
DefinitionsAn innovation platform is a space for learning and change. It is a group of individuals (who often represent organiza-tions) with different backgrounds and interests: farm-ers, traders, food processors, researchers, government officials etc. The members come together to diagnose problems, identify opportunities and find ways to achieve their goals. They may design and implement activities as a platform, or coordinate activities by individual members.
Key questionsInnovation platforms have become a popular way to stimulate positive change in smallholder agriculture. In principle, they bring together a range of stakeholders to identify and solve common problems. They ensure that different interests are taken into account, that stakeholders together work out solutions (brief 1).
In practice, we discover hard truths and difficult questions: Is it worth all the effort and resources? Is our context fit for innovation platforms? What is emerging from our efforts? Are we seeing in-come benefits to poor farmers? Are we seeing any changes in the way decision makers think, non-gov-ernmental organisations talk or farmers operate? If changes are occurring how do we measure them? Indeed, what do we measure? What hard evidence do we have that things are working?
“Innovation platforms are the new way to do devel-opment. Bringing different people together to jointly deal with problems avoids scientists developing solu-tions to problems that don’t exist. Many bottlenecks to development are about people – unless we use people-centred approaches we won’t overcome the bottlenecks”
“Not another innovation platform. Innovation platforms are a complete waste of time. All you guys do is end-lessly talk to one another. Where is the action? What have you achieved”?
These are two perspectives familiar to people working with innovation platforms. In the complex web of relationships that surround agricultural development, innovation platforms are a good way to get to the root of problems and can bring about real, durable change for many people.
But showing their impact is tricky: their costs are high early on and effects may be slow in com-ing, hidden under the surface, and hard to predict, measure and attribute. However, the complexity of farming systems and food security leads to the question: can we really afford to ignore apparently costly approaches such as innovation platforms just because they’re challenging?
Impact of innovation platforms
1"What"are"innova-on"pla0orms? 2"Innova-on"pla0orms"to"shape"na-onal"policy3"Research"and"innova-on"pla0orms 4"Power"dynamics"and"representa-on"in"innova-on"pla0orms 5"Monitoring"innova-on"pla0orms 6"Innova-on"pla0orms"for"agricultural"value"chain"development7"Communica-on"in"innova-on"pla0orms8"Developing"innova-on"capacity"through"innova-on"pla0orms 9"Linking"ac-on"at"different"levels"through"innova-on"pla0orms""10"Facilita-ng"innova-on"pla0orms 11"Innova-on"pla0orms"to"support"natural"resource"management""12"Impact"of"innova-on"pla0orms"
Inno
vatio
n pl
atfo
rms
prac
tice
brie
f 12,
Nov
embe
r 201
31
Def
initi
ons
An
inno
vatio
n pl
atfo
rm is
a s
pace
for
lear
ning
and
cha
nge.
It
is a
grou
p of
indi
vidu
als
(who
ofte
n re
pres
ent
orga
niza
-tio
ns) w
ith d
iffer
ent
back
grou
nds
and
inte
rest
s: fa
rm-
ers,
trad
ers,
food
pro
cess
ors,
rese
arch
ers,
gov
ernm
ent
offic
ials
etc.
The
mem
bers
com
e to
geth
er t
o di
agno
se
prob
lem
s, id
entif
y op
port
uniti
es a
nd fi
nd w
ays
to a
chie
ve
thei
r go
als.
The
y m
ay d
esig
n an
d im
plem
ent
activ
ities
as
a pl
atfo
rm, o
r co
ordi
nate
act
iviti
es b
y in
divi
dual
mem
bers
.
Key
que
stio
nsIn
nova
tion
plat
form
s ha
ve b
ecom
e a
popu
lar
way
to
stim
ulat
e po
sitiv
e ch
ange
in s
mal
lhol
der
agri
cultu
re. I
n pr
inci
ple,
the
y br
ing
toge
ther
a r
ange
of s
take
hold
ers
to id
entif
y an
d so
lve
com
mon
pro
blem
s. T
hey
ensu
re
that
diff
eren
t in
tere
sts
are
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt, t
hat
stak
ehol
ders
tog
ethe
r w
ork
out
solu
tions
(bri
ef 1
).
In p
ract
ice,
we
disc
over
har
d tr
uths
and
diff
icul
t qu
estio
ns: I
s it
wor
th a
ll th
e ef
fort
and
res
ourc
es?
Is o
ur c
onte
xt fi
t fo
r in
nova
tion
plat
form
s? W
hat
is e
mer
ging
from
our
effo
rts?
Are
we
seei
ng in
-co
me
bene
fits
to p
oor
farm
ers?
Are
we
seei
ng a
ny
chan
ges
in t
he w
ay d
ecis
ion
mak
ers
thin
k, n
on-g
ov-
ernm
enta
l org
anis
atio
ns t
alk
or fa
rmer
s op
erat
e? If
ch
ange
s ar
e oc
curr
ing
how
do
we
mea
sure
the
m?
Inde
ed, w
hat
do w
e m
easu
re? W
hat
hard
evi
denc
e do
we
have
tha
t th
ings
are
wor
king
?
“Inn
ovat
ion
plat
form
s ar
e th
e ne
w w
ay t
o do
dev
el-
opm
ent.
Brin
ging
diff
eren
t pe
ople
tog
ethe
r to
join
tly
deal
with
pro
blem
s av
oids
sci
entis
ts d
evel
opin
g so
lu-
tions
to
prob
lem
s th
at d
on’t
exis
t. M
any
bott
lene
cks
to d
evel
opm
ent
are
abou
t pe
ople
– u
nles
s w
e us
e pe
ople
-cen
tred
app
roac
hes
we
won
’t ov
erco
me
the
bott
lene
cks”
“Not
ano
ther
inno
vatio
n pl
atfo
rm. I
nnov
atio
n pl
atfo
rms
are
a co
mpl
ete
was
te o
f tim
e. Al
l you
guy
s do
is e
nd-
less
ly ta
lk to
one
ano
ther
. Whe
re is
the
actio
n? W
hat
have
you
ach
ieve
d”?
The
se a
re t
wo
pers
pect
ives
fam
iliar
to
peop
le
wor
king
with
inno
vatio
n pl
atfo
rms.
In t
he c
ompl
ex
web
of r
elat
ions
hips
tha
t su
rrou
nd a
gric
ultu
ral
deve
lopm
ent,
inno
vatio
n pl
atfo
rms
are
a go
od w
ay
to g
et t
o th
e ro
ot o
f pro
blem
s an
d ca
n br
ing
abou
t re
al, d
urab
le c
hang
e fo
r m
any
peop
le.
But
show
ing
thei
r im
pact
is t
rick
y: th
eir
cost
s ar
e hi
gh e
arly
on
and
effe
cts
may
be
slow
in c
om-
ing,
hidd
en u
nder
the
sur
face
, and
har
d to
pre
dict
, m
easu
re a
nd a
ttri
bute
. H
owev
er, t
he c
ompl
exity
of
farm
ing
syst
ems
and
food
sec
urity
lead
s to
the
qu
estio
n: c
an w
e re
ally
affo
rd t
o ig
nore
app
aren
tly
cost
ly a
ppro
ache
s su
ch a
s in
nova
tion
plat
form
s ju
st
beca
use
they
’re c
halle
ngin
g?
Impa
ct o
f inn
ovat
ion
plat
form
s
see:"hOps://cgspace.cgiar.org
Africa'Research'in'Sustainable'Intensification'for'the'Next'Generation'
africaRrising.net
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