I will understand why Europeans wanted to I will understand why Europeans wanted to explore to other areas of the world & what explore to other areas of the world & what helped them get there.helped them get there.

Motivated by Christian faith and a desire for profit Europeans want to explore distant lands. Caravel, a small, light ship with

triangular sails.

3 Reasons Europeans Seek New Trade Routes

God Expand Christian religions – mainly Catholic

Glory increase patriotism and popularity

Gold find new sources of wealth

Technology Makes Exploration Possible• In 1400s, the caravel makes it possible to sail

against wind caravel = ocean going ship with triangular sails

• Astrolabe = use sun & stars for navigation• Magnetic compass - improves tracking of direction

The Portuguese Explore Africa• Prince Henry (the Navigator) supports exploration

starts navigation school • have trading posts along west coast of Africa

1488, Bartholomew Diaz sails around southern tip of Africa

A Rival Power - SPAIN• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for Spain• Convinces Spanish to support plan to reach Asia

by sailing west• Reaches the Americas instead• Opens Americas to exploration and colonization• In 1493, pope divides these lands between Spain

and Portugal – Line of Demarcation• Agreement formalized by Treaty of Tordesillas

in 1494

Back to Portugal

• Portugal sends an emissary to east coast of Africa to set up friendly relations• In 1498, Vasco da Gama sails to India• In 1499, da Gama returns to Portugal with valuable cargo

Portugal’s Trading Empire• In 1509, Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over

Indian Ocean trade• In 1510, Portugal captures Goa, port city in

western India• In 1511, Portugal seizes Malacca, on Malay

Peninsula• These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian

trade through the Mediterranean Sea

Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese• English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in 17th century• Dutch have more ships (20,000) than any other

nation in 1600• Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of

Asian trade• Dutch then overpower English• Form Dutch East India Company for Asian trade

European Trade Outposts• In 1619, Dutch set up trade headquarters at

Batavia, on Java• Dutch also control southern tip of Africa• Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows making Amsterdam (Dutch capital) a wealthy city

• England’s East India Company & France gain strength in India

continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean

Hernando CortesHernando Cortes Personal BackgroundPersonal Background

• born in Medellin, Spain in 1485born in Medellin, Spain in 1485• Went to law schoolWent to law school• Wanted to be a conquistadorWanted to be a conquistador• 1504 joined expedition to New World1504 joined expedition to New World

Country RepresentedCountry Represented• SpainSpain

Goals of the ExplorerGoals of the Explorer• Wanted to be a conquistadorWanted to be a conquistador• Looking for goldLooking for gold• Conquer the AztecsConquer the Aztecs

Goals of the Explorer’s PatronGoals of the Explorer’s Patron• Want goldWant gold• Want new landWant new land• Different goods to tradeDifferent goods to trade

Ships/SuppliesShips/Supplies• 11 ships, 500 soldiers, 13 horses and cannons11 ships, 500 soldiers, 13 horses and cannons• Additional men and horsesAdditional men and horses

RouteRoute• Spain Spain Trinidad Trinidad Cuba Cuba Yucatan Peninsula Yucatan Peninsula

Tabasco Tabasco San Juan de Ulau San Juan de Ulau Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan Cuba Cuba TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

HardshipsHardships• Rough terrainRough terrain• Sailors want to go backSailors want to go back• Conflicts with nativesConflicts with natives• Not used to weatherNot used to weather• Not enough weaponsNot enough weapons

Contact with NativesContact with Natives• Beginning = mean/roughBeginning = mean/rough• Middle = threateningMiddle = threatening• End = friendly/scared – Montezuma diesEnd = friendly/scared – Montezuma dies

Time FrameTime Frame• 1511 - 15221511 - 1522

ResultsResults• Goals were metGoals were met

Spain Also Makes Claims

A Rival Power - SPAIN• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for Spain• Convinces Spanish to support plan to reach Asia

by sailing west• Reaches the Americas instead• Opens Americas to exploration and colonization• In 1493, pope divides these lands between Spain

and Portugal – Line of Demarcation• Agreement formalized by Treaty of Tordesillas

in 1494

Back to Portugal

• Portugal sends an emissary to east coast of Africa to set up friendly relations• In 1498, Vasco da Gama sails to India• In 1499, da Gama returns to Portugal with valuable cargo

Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean

Portugal’s Trading Empire• In 1509, Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over

Indian Ocean trade• In 1510, Portugal captures Goa, port city in

western India• In 1511, Portugal seizes Malacca, on Malay

Peninsula• These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian

trade through the Mediterranean Sea

Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese• English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in 17th century• Dutch have more ships (20,000) than any other

nation in 1600• Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of

Asian trade• Dutch then overpower English• Form Dutch East India Company for Asian trade

continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean

European Trade Outposts• In 1619, Dutch set up trade headquarters at

Batavia, on Java• Dutch also control southern tip of Africa• Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows making Amsterdam (Dutch capital) a wealthy city

• England’s East India Company & France gain strength in India

continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean

I will understand why I will understand why Europeans wanted to explore Europeans wanted to explore to other areas of the world & to other areas of the world & what helped them get there.what helped them get there.

GOALSGOALS

SpainSpain: :

FranceFrance: :

EnglandEngland::

LOCATION EXPLOREDLOCATION EXPLORED

SpainSpain::

FranceFrance: :

EnglandEngland::

CONTACT WITH THE NATIVESCONTACT WITH THE NATIVES

SpainSpain: :

FranceFrance: :

EnglandEngland::

RESULTSRESULTS

SpainSpain::

FranceFrance: :

EnglandEngland::

Similarities Similarities GOALSGOALS Differences Differences

Similarities Similarities LOCATIONLOCATION Differences Differences

Goals Achieved? How do you know?Goals Achieved? How do you know?

SpainSpain::

FranceFrance::

EnglandEngland::