AFRICAN AMERICAN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMENWOMEN

ANDAND

MUTED GROUP THEORYMUTED GROUP THEORY

THE MUTED VOICES OF THE MUTED VOICES OF ISLAMIC WOMENISLAMIC WOMEN

HEARD MARCH 8, 2005HEARD MARCH 8, 2005

THEIR DEMANDS ARE BEING HEARD THEIR DEMANDS ARE BEING HEARD STILLSTILL

!!

60 Minutes60 MinutesFocus on: Hirshi AliFocus on: Hirshi Ali

Film: “Submission”Film: “Submission”

60 MINUTES TV SHOW60 MINUTES TV SHOW

SUBMISSIONSUBMISSION A DUTCH MOVIE – BY THEO VAN GOGH/A DUTCH MOVIE – BY THEO VAN GOGH/ Written by – Hirshi AliWritten by – Hirshi Ali FILM ABOUT MIS-TREATMENT OF ISLAMIC FILM ABOUT MIS-TREATMENT OF ISLAMIC

WOMEN BY ISLAMIC MENWOMEN BY ISLAMIC MEN THE FORCE BEHIND FILM – SOMALI THE FORCE BEHIND FILM – SOMALI

REFUGEE WHO ROSE TO BECOME AN REFUGEE WHO ROSE TO BECOME AN ELECTED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE DUTCH ELECTED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE DUTCH PARLIAMENT– HIRSHI ALIPARLIAMENT– HIRSHI ALI

MUTED GROUP THEORYMUTED GROUP THEORY

CONCERNED WITH POWER AND HOW IT IS CONCERNED WITH POWER AND HOW IT IS USEDUSED

BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT LANGUAGE BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT LANGUAGE IS CULTURE BOUNDIS CULTURE BOUND

BASED ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT BASED ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT MALE DOMINATION HAS CAUSED MALE-MALE DOMINATION HAS CAUSED MALE-BIASED LANGUAGE TO EVOLVEBIASED LANGUAGE TO EVOLVE

WOMEN ARE LEFT OUT OF THIS MEANING WOMEN ARE LEFT OUT OF THIS MEANING CREATION PROCESSCREATION PROCESS

THREE ASSUMPTIONSTHREE ASSUMPTIONS

THE WORLD IS PERCEIVED THE WORLD IS PERCEIVED DIFFERENTLY BY MEN AND WOMEN.DIFFERENTLY BY MEN AND WOMEN.

MEN ENACT POWER POLITICALLY, MEN ENACT POWER POLITICALLY, WHILE SUPPRESSING WOMEN’S WHILE SUPPRESSING WOMEN’S IDEAS AND MEANINGS FROM IDEAS AND MEANINGS FROM GAINING PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE.GAINING PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE.

WOMEN MUST CONVERT TO MALE WOMEN MUST CONVERT TO MALE LANGUAGE IN ORDER TO BE HEARD.LANGUAGE IN ORDER TO BE HEARD.

AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN AND MUTED GROUP THEORYAND MUTED GROUP THEORY

BLACK WOMEN DECISION MAKERS IN BLACK WOMEN DECISION MAKERS IN THE ENTERTAINMENT TELEVISION THE ENTERTAINMENT TELEVISION

INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

PIONEERS WHO HAVE MADE A PIONEERS WHO HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCEDIFFERENCE

BLACK WOMEN WHO BLACK WOMEN WHO OVERCAMEOVERCAME

FACED SAME BARRIERS TO THEIR FACED SAME BARRIERS TO THEIR SUCCESS AS OTHER WOMEN –AND MORE:SUCCESS AS OTHER WOMEN –AND MORE:

– HAD DIFFICULTY EXPRESSING THEMSELVES IN HAD DIFFICULTY EXPRESSING THEMSELVES IN MIXED GENDERED/MIXED RACE GROUPS– AT MIXED GENDERED/MIXED RACE GROUPS– AT FIRSTFIRST

– UNDERSTOOD MEN’S MEANINGS EVEN AS MEN UNDERSTOOD MEN’S MEANINGS EVEN AS MEN FAILED TO UNDERSTAND WOMEN’S MEANINGSFAILED TO UNDERSTAND WOMEN’S MEANINGS

– WERE CHALLENGED BY THE DIFFERENCES, WERE CHALLENGED BY THE DIFFERENCES, ACROSS RACE AND GENDER, IN HOW THEY ACROSS RACE AND GENDER, IN HOW THEY EXPRESSED THEMSELVES EXPRESSED THEMSELVES

– ROSE TO THE CHALLENGESROSE TO THE CHALLENGES

BLACK WOMEN DECISION BLACK WOMEN DECISION MAKERS IN ENTERTAINMENTMAKERS IN ENTERTAINMENT

1960S1960S 1970S1970S 1980S1980S 1990S1990S 2121STST CENTURY CENTURY

BLACK WOMEN DECISION BLACK WOMEN DECISION MAKERS IN ENTERTAINMENTMAKERS IN ENTERTAINMENT

1960S1960S 1970S1970S 1980S1980S 1990S1990S 2121STST CENTURY CENTURY

AT THE DAWN OF THE 21AT THE DAWN OF THE 21STST C.C.

UNEVENLY AND IN SMALL NUMBERS, UNEVENLY AND IN SMALL NUMBERS, BLACK WOMEN MADE THEIR WAY BLACK WOMEN MADE THEIR WAY TOWARD THE TOP IN TOWARD THE TOP IN ENTERTAINMENT FIELDSENTERTAINMENT FIELDS

– INCLUDING CABLE AND BROADCAST INCLUDING CABLE AND BROADCAST TELEVISIONTELEVISION

AT THE DAWN OF THE 21AT THE DAWN OF THE 21STST C.C.

UNEVENLY AND IN SMALL NUMBERS, UNEVENLY AND IN SMALL NUMBERS, BLACK WOMEN MADE THEIR WAY BLACK WOMEN MADE THEIR WAY TOWARD THE TOP IN TOWARD THE TOP IN ENTERTAINMENT FIELDSENTERTAINMENT FIELDS

– INCLUDING CABLE AND BROADCAST INCLUDING CABLE AND BROADCAST TELEVISIONTELEVISION

BROADCAST TELEVISIONBROADCAST TELEVISION

BROADCAST TELEVISIONBROADCAST TELEVISION

SUZANNE DEPASSESUZANNE DEPASSE

SUZANNE DEPASSESUZANNE DEPASSE

BROADCAST TELEVISIONBROADCAST TELEVISION

DEBBIE ALLENDEBBIE ALLEN

BROADCAST TELEVISIONBROADCAST TELEVISION

DEBBIE ALLENDEBBIE ALLEN

BROADCAST AND CABLE BROADCAST AND CABLE TELEVISIONTELEVISION

MANY OTHERS:MANY OTHERS:– MARA BROCK AKILMARA BROCK AKIL– TYRA BANKSTYRA BANKS– EUNETTA BOONEEUNETTA BOONE– YVETTE LEE BOWSERYVETTE LEE BOWSER– MICHELLE LISTENBEE BROWNMICHELLE LISTENBEE BROWN– TRACEY EDMONDSTRACEY EDMONDS– WHOOPIE GOLDBERGWHOOPIE GOLDBERG

BROADCAST AND CABLE BROADCAST AND CABLE TELEVISIONTELEVISION

MANY OTHERS:MANY OTHERS:– FELICIA D. HENDERSONFELICIA D. HENDERSON– SUSAN FALES-HILLSUSAN FALES-HILL– SARA FINNEY JOHNSONSARA FINNEY JOHNSON– WINIFRED HERVEYWINIFRED HERVEY– ERMA-ELZY JONESERMA-ELZY JONES– JADA PINKETT-SMITHJADA PINKETT-SMITH– VIDA SPEARSVIDA SPEARS– ANDREA WILEYANDREA WILEY– OPRAH WINFREYOPRAH WINFREY