AfricaAfricaThematic ReviewThematic Review

1.1. GeographyGeography

2.2. ImperialismImperialism

3.3. Independence/Nationalist Independence/Nationalist MovementsMovements

4.4. ApartheidApartheid

5.5. Tribalism vs. NationalismTribalism vs. Nationalism

6.6. Obstacles to ProgressObstacles to Progress

Major ThemesMajor Themes

GeographyGeography

Know your climate zonesKnow your climate zones Lack of agricultural resourcesLack of agricultural resources Sub-Saharan Africa dependent Sub-Saharan Africa dependent

on gold & diamondson gold & diamonds

ImperialismImperialism

““Scramble for Africa”Scramble for Africa” Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference Know all causes/effectsKnow all causes/effects

Independence/NationalistIndependence/Nationalist MovementsMovements

Negritude MovementNegritude Movement Pan AfricanismPan Africanism Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter Post-WWII destruction in EuropePost-WWII destruction in Europe Kwame NkrumahKwame Nkrumah Jomo KenyattaJomo Kenyatta

ApartheidApartheid 1948 law in INDEPENDENT S. Africa1948 law in INDEPENDENT S. Africa Unequal distribution of land, power, Unequal distribution of land, power,

economic resourceseconomic resources African National CongressAfrican National Congress Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela Archbishop Desmond TutuArchbishop Desmond Tutu Sharpeville, SowetoSharpeville, Soweto

Tribalism vs. NationalismTribalism vs. Nationalism New countries boundaries follow New countries boundaries follow

colonial boundariescolonial boundaries Rwanda – Hutus vs TutsisRwanda – Hutus vs Tutsis Nigeria – Hausa vs IboNigeria – Hausa vs Ibo S. Africa – post-Apartheid problems S. Africa – post-Apartheid problems

of unityof unity Organization of African UnityOrganization of African Unity

Obstacles to ProgressObstacles to Progress OverpopulationOverpopulation Lack of industrializationLack of industrialization Dependence on cash cropsDependence on cash crops National debtNational debt Political corruption and instabilityPolitical corruption and instability DesertificationDesertification HIV/AIDs EpidemicHIV/AIDs Epidemic