AF 1201ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS

(2/25:10)

Dr. A.M.J.B. AdikariDept. of Animal and Food Sciences

Course Objective

• To impart sound theoretical knowledge

for undergraduates in Agriculture on

–basic structure and functions of the

bodily regulatory systems and

–production related systems of Farm

Animals.

Course Content

1.Introduction & Terminology2.Digestive system3.Reproductive system4.Estrous cycle & its manipulation5.Mammary System6.Nervous system7.Endocrine System8.Environment & Animal adaptation9. Artificial Insemination (AI)10. Heat detection and Assisted Reproductive

techniques (ART)10. Anatomy and Physiology of Fish

http://192.248.95.7/

Suggested Readings

Suggested Readings

• A textbook of Animal Husbandry by G.C Banergee

• Anatomy and Physiology of farm Animals by Prof. MissakeWijayagunawardena

• Animal Physiology by Open University

• Introduction to Animal physiology by lan Kay

• Animal Physiology – Adaptation and Environment by Knut Schmidh

• Essentials of Animal Physiology by S.C Rastogi

Evaluation Procedure

Code Subject

Marks Allocation (100 %)

CA Practical (Spot)

Theory

AF 1201 Anatomy and Physiology of Animals

10% 20% 70%

Structure of the Theory Paper

2 hr. Paper

Q. type No. Duration Marks

MCQ 20 30 min. 20

Structured 2 30 min. 30

Essays 2 60 min. 50

AF 1201

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS

INTRODUCTION

• Anatomy: Study of the structure and relationship

among structures

• Physiology: Study of the functions of body parts

Level of Structural Organization

• Chemical level

• Cellular level

• Tissue level

• Organ level

• System level

• Organism level

Anatomical Characteristics of Animals

1. Vertebral Column

2. Tube within a tube construction

3. Bilateral symmetry

Principle Systems of the Body

1. Integumentary System

2. Nervous system –CNS and PNS

3. Endocrine System –Hormones

4. Cardio- vascular system- Bloods

5. Lymphatic system

6. Respiratory system

7. Digestive system

8. Reproductive system

9. Urinary system

10. Skeletal system

11. Immune system

Directional Terms

• Cranial/superior/Cephalad: Towards the head /Upper part.

• Inferior/ Caudal: Away from the head/toward the lower part.

• Ventral: Nearer to the belly side of the body

• Dorsal: Nearer to the back of the body.

• Medial: Nearer to the middle line of the body.

• Lateral: Further from the mid line.

• Proximal: Nearer to a point of the body

• Distal: Further from the point of the body.

• Superficial: Toward the surface of the body.

• Visceral: pertaining to covering of an organ.

• Peripheral: away from the center.

Physiological Features

Homeostasis

• Common for farm animals

• Conditions in which the body internal environment

remains relatively constant within limits.

• Controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

• Internal environment: Extra cellular fluid (ECF)

(Interstitial fluid and Plasma)

When ECF

1. Contains exactly the optimum conc. of gases,

nutrients, ion and water

2. Has an optimal Temperature

3. Has an optimal pressure for the health of the cells,

• The organism is in homeostasis…………. Good health

Stress disturbs homeostasis ill health/sick

BODY CAVITIES

• Space within the body cavity contains internal organs

• Dorsal cavity –contains brain and spinal code

Ventral Cavity –has two cavities

1) Thoracic cavity

- Pleural cavity (Lungs)

- Pericardial cavity (Heart and Esophagus)

2) Abdominal Pelvic Cavity

• Abdominal cavity

(stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, kidney, Pancreas)

• Pelvic cavity

(Urinary bladder, reproductive system, Rectum and anus)

• Diaphragm separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

• END