Aerosol and chemical transport in tropical

convection

ACTIVE

Airborne measurements for ACTIVE

ARA Egrett, 10 - 15 km

NERC Dornier0-5 km

Ozonesondes (profiles)

Egrett payloadBasic Meteorology and position Pressure, temperature, wind (1 Hz), GPSDMT Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP-2) † Aerosol particle size distribution (0.2 – 1.0 µm),

light absorbing fraction (LAP), carbon mass, metal

2 x TSI-3010 Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)

Total condensation particles > 40 nm & > 80 nm

DMT Cloud, Aerosol & Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS)

Cloud Droplet psd, aerosol/small particle assymetry, aerosol refractive index,large ice psd, (0.3<Dp<3,200 µm), Total Liquid Water Content

DMT Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) Particle Size Distribution (2< Dp<60 µm)SPEC Cloud Particle Imager CPI-230 Cloud particle/ice CCD images, (30 < Dp<

2,300µm)Buck Research CR-2 frost point hygrometer Temperature, dew/ice point, 20 s, 0.1

2X Tunable diode laser Hygrometer (SpectraSensors)

Water vapour, 2 Hz, 0.005 ppmv precision

Julich CO analyser High precision (± 2 ppb), fast response (10 Hz) CO

Cambridge Miniature Gas-Chromatograph Halocarbons (Cl, Br, I), 3-6 min, 5%TE-49C UV Ozone sensor Ozone concentration (± 1 ppbv, 10 seconds)Adsorbent tube carbon trap C4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, monoterpenesNO and NO2 chemiluminescent detector † 200 ppt @ 10 Hz; 30 ppt @ 4 s integration

† alternates AerosolHumidity Cloud

Physics

Chemistry Met/Position

Dornier payloadBasic meteorology Aventech probe ARSF/ManchesterPosition/Timing GPS ARSFAerosol Mass Spectrometer Aerosol composition, 30 – 2000 nm ManchesterCondensation particle counter

Aerosol concentration > 10 nm Manchester

Grimm Optical Particle Counter

Aerosol size distribution, 0.5 – 20 μm

Manchester

Ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer

Aerosol size distribution 50 nm – 2 µm

Manchester

Aerosol spectrometer probe Aerosol size distn, 0.1 – 1 µm ManchesterFSSP Aerosol, size ( 2- 47 µm) ManchesterFilters Coarse aerosol composition ManchesterOzone UV absorption, 2B YorkCO AL5003 YorkVOC Adsorbent tubes YorkNO/NOx (TWP-ICE period only) Chemiluminescence/catalysis YorkHalocarbons DIRAC gas chromatograph CambridgeBlack Carbon PSAP DLR

Aerosol Chemistry Met/Position

Egrett payloadBasic Meteorology and position Pressure, temperature, wind (1 Hz), GPSDMT Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP-2) † Aerosol particle size distribution (0.2 – 1.0 µm), light

absorbing fraction (LAP), carbon mass, metal 2 x TSI-3010 Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) Total condensation particles > 10 nm & > 80 nmDMT Cloud, Aerosol & Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS)

Cloud particle size distribution, aerosol/small particle asymmetry, aerosol refractive index (0.3<Dp<2,000 µm)

DMT Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) Particle Size Distribution (2< Dp<62 µm)SPEC Cloud Particle Imager CPI-230 Cloud particle/ice CCD images, (10 < Dp< 2,300 µm)Buck Research CR-2 frost point hygrometer Temperature, dew/ice point, 20 s, 0.1

2X Tunable diode laser Hygrometer (SpectraSensors) Water vapour, 2 Hz, 1 ppmvJulich CO analyser High precision (± 2 ppbv), fast response (1 Hz) COCambridge Miniature Gas-Chromatograph Halocarbons (Cl, Br, I), 3-6 min, 5%TE-49C UV Ozone sensor Ozone concentration (± 1 ppbv, 10 seconds)Adsorbent tube carbon trap C4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, monoterpenesNO and NO2 chemiluminescent detector † 200 ppt @ 10 Hz; 30 ppt @ 4 s integration

† alternates AerosolHumidity Cloud

Physics

Chemistry Met/Position

Dornier payloadAventech AIMMS-20 probe Basic Meteorology ARSF/ManchesterGPS Position/Timing ARSFAerosol Mass Spectrometer Aerosol composition, 30 – 2000 nm ManchesterCondensation particle counter

Aerosol concentration > 10 nm Manchester

Grimm Optical Particle Counter

Aerosol size distribution, 0.3 – 2 μm

Manchester

Ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer

Aerosol size distribution 0.1 – 0.8 μm

Manchester

Aerosol spectrometer probe Aerosol size distribution, 0.2 – 2 µm

Manchester

FSSP Aerosol, size ( 2- 47 µm) ManchesterPSAP Black Carbon aerosol DLRFilters Coarse aerosol composition Manchester2B technologies model 202 Ozone YorkAerolaser AL5003 CO YorkAutomatic tube sampler C4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, OVOCs

etcYork

Chemiluminescence/catalysis NO/NOx YorkDIRAC gas chromatograph Halocarbons CambridgeAerosol Chemistry Met/

Position

Campaign 113 ED 14 15 ED 16ED

GF17 18 19 D

GF20 21 22 23 D

GF24 D 25 26

27 E 28 D F

29 GF

30EDGF(2)

1 ED 2 3 E

4 ED 5 ED GF

6 E 7 8 E 9 E 10 E

Test Survey Hector Mixed survey/Hector

Nov

DecSingle-cellular Hector

Multi-cellular Hector

Mini-monsoon

Campaign 2Jan 16 17 18 19 D 20ED 2122ED

T23 E T

24 25 ED PT

26 D 27 ED PT

28

29 30 D 31 E 1 ED 2 D 3 ED 45 6 ED

PT7 8 ED

T9 D T

10ED PT

11

12 EDPT

13 E 14 ED 15 E 16 17 Feb

Test Survey Lidar Monsoon Aged anvil Hector

Single-cellular Hector

Multi-cellular Hector

Active Monsoon Inactive Monsoon

Summary of flights

7

1

3

2

HectorSurveyTestCirrus

5

41

3

2HectorSurveyTestCirrusMonsoon

73

2

ConvectionSurveyTest

Campaign 1 Campaign 2

Egrett

Dornier7

7

1

ConvectionSurveyTest

O3sondes: 23 8

13 15

12 15

Single-cell storm, Nov 16

17:30

16:15

Flights, Nov 16

Dornier

GeophysicaEgrett

Falcon

Cloud particles: CAPSCloud imaging probe: large

particles

Cloud and aerosol spectrometer: small particles observed in first Egrett transect of

anvil

Data: A. Heymsfield and A. Bansamer

Multicell thunderstorm: 30 Nov

14:12

15:25

17:05

15:10

Joint flights, 30th November

Dornier

Geophysica

Dornier

EgrettFalcon

15:00

16:23

Monsoon convection: 22 Jan 2006MTSAT infra-red image

Aircraft tracks: Egrett (red) and Twin Otter

(green)

Rain rate from polarimetric radar

Courtesy: Peter May, BoM

Evolution of Egrett CO profiles during ACTIVE (ascent profiles only)

Data from A. Volz-Thomas and W. Pätz

Summary• Around 30 flights with each aircraft in

and around tropical convection• Inflow conditions change from polluted

early in November (smoke from biomass burning) to very clean in Jan/Feb

• Hectors observed in polluted and clean regine

• Monsoon convection observed in the second half of January

The ConsortiumUniversity of Manchester: Geraint Vaughan (PI),

Tom Choularton, Hugh CoeMartin Gallagher, Keith

BowerUniversity of Cambridge: John Pyle, Neil Harris,

Peter Haynes, Rod JonesUniversity of York (UK): Ally Lewis

York University (Toronto): Jim WhitewayDLR (Germany): Reinhold BusenFZ Julich, Germany: Andreas Volz-ThomasNCAR, Boulder: Andy Heymsfield Australian Bureau of Meteorology: Peter MayAirborne Research Australia: Jörg Hacker

Summary

• 7 Egrett Hector flights (3 NOX, 4 aerosol)

• 2 Egrett cirrus flights (1 NOx, 1 aerosol)

• 1 Egrett survey (aerosol)• 3 Egrett test flights• 7 Dornier convection

flights• 3 Dornier survey flights• Intercomparison leg• 2 Dornier test flights• 23 ozonesondes

• 2 Monsoon anvil flights (1 NOx, 1 aerosol)

• 5 Egrett Hector flights (2 NOX, 3 aerosol)

• 3 Egrett cirrus flights (1 NOx, 2 aerosol)

• 4 Egrett survey (1 aerosol, 2 lidar, 1 transit)

• 1 Egrett calibration flight• 7 Dornier convection flights• 7 Dornier survey flights• Intercomparison flight• 1 Dornier test flights• 8 ozonesondes

Campaign 1 Campaign 2

Objectives Relate measurements of aerosols and

chemicals in the TTL to low-level sources. Determine how deep convection modifies

the aerosol population reaching the TTL, and thus evaluate its impact on cirrus nucleation.

Determine the relative contribution of convection and large-scale transport to the composition of the TTL over Darwin.

Compare the effects of monsoon and pre-monsoon convection on the composition of the TTL.

Determine the contribution of deep convection to the NOx and O3 budget in the TTL

Measure how much black carbon reaches the outflow regions of the storms.