Post on 02-Jan-2016
ADHD & AUTISM
CHILDHOOD DISORDERS
Childhood Disorders (developmental disorders):
•Typically diagnosed during infancy, childhood or adolescence.
•Although some adults may also relate to some of the symptoms of these disorders, typically the disorder's symptoms need to have first appeared at some point in the person's childhood.
ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
•Psychological disorder producing one or more of three key symptoms:• Extreme Inattention—can’t focus•Misses details and makes careless mistakes • Is unable to organize tasks and activities •Doesn’t seem to listen when spoken to • Is easily distracted • Avoids, dislikes or hesitates to participate in activities that require continuous mental effort (e.g., homework)
ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Hyperactivity—constantly moving and restless• Fidgets or squirms in seat • Leaves his or her seat when it isn’t appropriate • Runs or climbs when it isn’t appropriate (in adults, this might be restlessness) • Frequently has difficulty playing or participating in activities quietly • Talks excessively• Impulsivity—act on impulse (sudden desire) rather than thought• Blurts out answers before questions are completed • Has a tough time awaiting his or her turn • Interrupts others (e.g., disrupts a conversation or game)
Brad’s Story-Video Clip
Possible Causes:•GeneticsoADHD runs in familiesoPeople with ADHD seem to have lower levels of dopamine in the brain.
•Environmentolink between ADHD and maternal smokingoLead exposure
Possible Causes:
•Food Additivesofood additives and sugar can have effects on behaviorolack of omega-3 fatty acids is linked to ADHD symptomsoresearch data does not support these as causes•Brain InjuryoCan cause attention deficit disorder in some very small minority of children. oCan come about following exposure to toxins or physical injury, either before or after birth. oExperts say that head injuries can cause ADHD-like symptoms in previously unaffected people, perhaps due to frontal lobe damage.
Quality of Life
•For both kids and adults, these symptoms create problems at school, work and in relationships.
•ADHD can make daily life difficult
• Living with ADHD Video
Treatment Options
•Medication •Both stimulants and non-stimulants are prescribed to treat ADHD, helping to improve academic, occupational and social functioning.•Studies have shown medication to be safe
•Psychotherapy•Teaches both children and adults the skills they need to succeed
Autism Spectrum Disorder
•Childhood disorder characterized by a failure to develop normal patterns of communication, social interactions, and emotional responses.
•Autism now affects 1 in 110 children and 1 in 70 boys
•Autism spectrum disorders can often be reliably detected by the age of 3 years, and in some cases as early as 18 months.
Symptoms:
•SocialoAs infantsDifficult to feedNo social smilingDoes not respond well to being held or cuddledoAs ChildrenTrouble forming attachments to peopleRarely maintain eye contactFrequent tantrumsForms attachments to objects Powerful need to maintain “sameness” in their environment
Symptoms (cont)
•Communication•May have delayed speech•May never speak•May have large vocabulary but trouble sustaining conversation•Echolalia—an autistic symptom in which the person “echoes” or repeats what has just been said
Symptoms (cont)
•Repetitive Behaviors•Spin or rock•Flap arms•Walk on toes•Often older children with autism have a great interest in numbers/letters, symbols, dates or science topics.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Low IQ GiftednessFeatures of
ADHD….Anxiety….DepressionSavant like skills (lists, maps, dates,
music)Unusual sensory issues
(touch,pain,texture)Sleep Problems
Activities for daily living
Causes
• Autism is a physical disorder linked to abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain. • The exact causes of these abnormalities remain unknown, but this is a very active area of research. •Genetic factors seem to be important. Identical twins are much more likely than fraternal twins or
siblings to both have autism. Language abnormalities are more common in relatives of
autistic children. Chromosomal abnormalities and other neurological problems
are also more common in families with autism.
• Researchers are investigating potential defects that occur during initial brain development
Treatment Options:• There is no single best treatment package for all children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) •One point that most professionals agree on is that early intervention is important •Most individuals with ASD respond well to highly structured, specialized programsAn effective treatment program will build on the child's
interests Offer a predictable scheduleTeach tasks as a series of simple stepsActively engage the child's attention in highly structured
activitiesProvide regular reinforcement of behavior.
• Treatment may also include medication as monitored by a medical professional