Post on 22-Mar-2018
"Actualités en Réanimation 2012" Reperfusion et neuroprotection
Pr N Nighoghossian Urgences neurovasculaires
Hôpital neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon Université Lyon 1
Primary Neuroprotection
Min Hours Days Weeks
Neuroprotection multimodale
Reperfusion Therapy
Secondary Neuroprotection
Recovery of function
Thrombolysis
Glu-Ca++ antag., Free radical scavengers
Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agents
Growth factors, promoters of plasticity
Iadecola, Stroke 2007
Impact clinique ?
Impact cliniqu = 0
Impact clinique ?
Jones et al., J Neurosurg 1981; 54: 773–782 Zivin, Neurology 1998;50:599-603
Time is brain !!!
Saver, Stroke 2006
~ 2 millions de neurones / min
NNT = 8-9
mRS 0-1: 52.4% vs 45.2% (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02-1.76, p=0.04). NNT=11 Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage: 2.4% vs 0.2%; p=0.008.
Thrombolyses dans le cadre de RESUVAL
ECASS II Classification HT
rtPA IV dans l’infarctus cérébral
Des limites:
1. 2.
Eligibilité à la Thrombolyse
Etude Européenne AVC du réveil : wake up FP7
Low efficiency of I.V. thrombolysis for large vessel occlusions
Recanaliza�on rates 1 hr a�er IV rt-‐PA:
>M2: 75% M2: 40% M1: 28% ICA: 8%
Del Zoppo et al. Ann Neurol. 1992; 32: 78-‐86. Wolpert et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993; 14: 3-‐13.
ICA M1 M2
Merci, Penumbra , Solitaire, Trevo.. etc..
Nombreux dispositifs…???
MERCI 28% Multi-MERCI 36%
Penumbra 25%
●● ●●
●● NINDS 50.4% CLOTBUST 51%
IMS I-II 46%
●●
PROACT 2 40%
●●
RECANALISE 57%
% de patients selon le Délais à la recanalisation
TREVO 40%,
SWIFT 40 % 2012
●
●●
●●
MERCI Multi-MERCI
Penumbra
IMS I-II
PROACT 2 ●●
RECANALISE ●●
●● SWIFT TREVO
Recanalisation Après 5 Heures 60% de Handicap sévère.. MrS: 3 à 6
Lancet Neurology 08/2012
Lancet Neurology 08/2012
u Recanalisation après 5H , 60% de handicap sévère: mRS : 3-6
u Risques des procédures: 9 à 12%
IMSIII. ESC Lisbonne 05/2012
The NINDS announced that the Interventional Management of Stroke III (IMS III) trial has stopped enrollment.
u DSMB reviewed a preplanned interim analysis on April 18, 2012
u The study had a very low likelihood of demonstrating the prespecified, clinically significant difference in benefit between the treatment arms of the study.
u The modified Rankin score at 3 months, meeting the threshold for futility.
u This analysis included data from 587 participants who were enrolled at more than 50 sites worldwide.
Thrombectomie et patients âgés ?
u Elderly Patients Are at Higher Risk for Poor Outcomes After Intra-Arterial Therapy. Rost et al . Stroke. 2012;43:2356-2361
Rôle de l’imagerie
Objectifs de l’imagerie en urgence
è Confirmer l’ischémie aiguë
è Occlusion artérielle ? Où ?
è Etendue de l’infarctus ?
è Etendue de la zone à risque (pénombre ischémique) ?
è Risque hémorragique ?
Pronostic Traitement adapté au patient
Zone à risque
PWI/DWI
Risque hémorragique
DWI, PWI, T2*
Occlusion artérielle ARM
Ischémie vs. Hemorragie
DWI/T2*
IRM: meilleure sécurité
IRM: meilleure sécurité
Large lesions on baseline diffusion MRI Extensive areas of very low CBV Old microbleeds
MRI Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage
MCA malignant infarct: no benefit of t-PA and an increased rate of SICH DEFFUSE, Albers Ann Neurol, 2006
Extensive areas of very low cerebral blood volume predicts hemorrhagic transformation. Campbell BC, EPITHET Investigators. Stroke. 2010 (1):82-8.
T2* and Amyloïd Angiopathy
Old Microbleeds
Microbleeds and symptomatic hemorrhage after t-PA
= 0.13).
Brasil Study. MRI Collaborative Group, J Fiehler STROKE 2007
Craniectomie pour infarctus malins
Infarctus sylvien malin
- Infarctus étendu de l’ACM ± ACA ± ACP
- Œdème ischémique (maximal à J2-J4)
- Mortalité précoce élevée (50 à 80%) par engagement temporal
- Inefficacité des anti-œdèmateux (agents hyperosmolaires, corticoïdes, hypothermie, hyperventilation...)
Traitement chirurgical : hémicrâniectomie décompressive
Primary Neuroprotection
Min Hours Days Weeks
Neuroprotection
Thrombolysis- Thrombectomy
Secondary Neuroprotection
Recovery of function
Reperfusion +++
Glu-Ca++ antag., Free radical scavengers
Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agents
Growth factors, promoters of plasticity
Costantino Iadecola, ISC 2007, Pathophysiological aspects of neuroprotection
?
?
? tPA
Neuroprotection for stroke: current status and
future perspectives. Minnerup J et al
Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(9):11753-72. doi: 10.3390/
Stroke Neuroprotection Preclinical and clinical trials,
Neuroprotec�on in 2010: 0 posi�ve clinical trial