Acid Rain

• Acid rain refers to rain(or any precipitation i.e.

snow or fog) which is acidic in nature (has pH

less than 5.6)

• It is generally a complex mixture of-

sulphuric acid (H2SO

4) along

with sulphurous acid (H2SO

3)

and nitric acid(HNO3) along

with nitrous acid(HNO2)

Causes Of Acid Rain

• Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction

that begins when compounds like sulfur

dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into

the air.

• These substances can rise very high into the

atmosphere, where they mix and react with

water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form

more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

Natural Causes Of Acid Rain

Natural Causes Of Acid Rain

Man-made Causes Of Acid Rain

Man-made Causes Of Acid Rain

Chemical Process

Formation of Sulphurous Acid

• S+O2=SO

2

• SO2+H

2O=H

2SO

3

Formation of Sulphuric Acid

• 2SO2+O

2=2SO

3

• SO3+H

2O =H

2SO

4

Chemical Process

Formation of Nitrous Acid and Nitric Acid

• N2+O

2=2NO

• H2O+2NO

2=HNO

2+HNO

3

Effects Of Acid Rain

• Acid rain

damages the

leaves of

plants.

• It depletes the

fertility of the

soil.

Effects Of Acid Rain

• It causes respiratory

problems to humans

and animals.

• It destroys marine life.

• It damages buildings

and stone statues

Prevention

• Reduce coal use and increase the use of natural gas and renewable resources.

• If the need to burn coal is still necessary then the using a low-sulfur coal would be an alternative.

• Use an alternative energy source such as batteries, solar & wind power, electricity and the like.

Greenhouse Effect

• The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is radiated in all directions.

• The main greenhouse gases are:

1. Water vapour

2. Chlorofluorocarbons

3. Methane

4. Carbon dioxide

Methane

•Methane is a primary constituent of natural

gas .

•It absorbs outgoing heat radiation from the

earth , and thus combine to the green house

effect and so considered as a greenhouse gas .

•Methane remains in the atmosphere for

approximately 10 years.

•It is twenty times more effective in trapping

heat in comparison to carbon dioxide

Effects Of Greenhouse Effect

• Melting of polar caps,

which endangers the

animals like polar bears

• Change in weather

pattern

• Droughts

Prevention•Reduce carbon dioxide

emissions.

•Conserve electricity by

switching off the TV,

computer, radio and lights

whenever possible.

• Use compact fluorescent light

(CFL) bulbs, which can reduce

energy consumption by

approximately 60 percent, in

place of incandescent light bulbs.

By :Ashrith N Shetty