INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE – AN INNOVATIVE SOLUTION FOR WATER QUALITY AND

FLOOD CONTROLRandy Thomas, PE

South Regional EngineerACF Environmental

Rthomas@acfenv.comwww.acfenvironmental.com

• Integrated Infrastructure Components • P-ACB/M Pavement - Permeable Articulating

Concrete Block / Mats (PaveDrain)• MPSS - Modular Plastic Stormwater Storage (R-

Tank)• HPMBS - High Performance Modular Biofiltration

System (FocalPoint)• Design and Research• Case Studies

Integrated Infrastructure

Integrated Infrastructure• New BMPs (Best Management Practices) that

Work with Nature• BMPs that Stand Alone as Integrated

Systems to Accomplish Multiple Needs• BMPs that Work Together to Better Manage

Stormwater: Integration

The Infrastructure of Tomorrow

Integrated Infrastructure

P-ACB: Permeable Articulating Concrete BlockConcrete P-ACB with 3 Functions

• Pavement – Handles Traffic Loads with 6000 psi Concrete• Drains – Open Joints Move Water Without Inlets• Stores & Infiltrates – Stores 1” of Water

DETAIL A

DETAIL A

P-ACB: Unit Details

P-ACB: System Design

Increase rock base or add void space for additional water storage

Open Gap ~1/4”

Storage above base

P-ACBWhy Use P-ACB?

• HS20/HS25 Load Rated• High Flow – 2000 in/hr• ADA Compliant• Aesthetically Pleasing

P-ACBP-ACB has 10X the Infiltration Rate of Newly Installed Conventional Permeable Pavements

Newly Installed Permeable Pavement:

50-150 in/hourNewly Installed P-ACB:

Guaranteed 2,000 in/hour

P-ACB: 10X The Flow Rate – How?

PaveDrain Blocks DO NOT Require Filler1

47 Pound Block

2 3

4

56

P-ACB: 10X The Flow Rate –What does that look like?

PaveDrain Blocks DO NOT Require Filler

47 Pound Block

1

2 3

4

56

• 1 year old• Permeable Pavers• Pervious Concrete• Pervious Asphalt

• 2 year old• P-ACB

700 Gallons drained in less than one minute

Ft Lauderdale – P-ACB Installation Firetruck Demonstration

P-ACB: 10X The Flow Rate –What does that look like?

P-ACB: Ease of Maintenance

Whirlwind

P-ACB Installation: Mats

P-ACB Installation: Hand-Placed

P-ACB Applications: City Streets Across USA

P-ACB Applications: City Streets Across USA

P-ACB Applications: Secondary Roads

P-ACB Applications: Residential Streets

P-ACB Applications: Parking Lots

P-ACB Applications: Entry Roundabouts

P-ACB Applications: Alleyways/Street Parking

P-ACB Applications: Parking Stalls

P-ACB Applications: Road Shoulders

Integrated Infrastructure

MPSS: Modular Plastic Stormwater Storage

Single ModuleSize:(W) 16.06”(L) 26.97”(H) 17.72”Volume: 33.031 gallons

Double ModuleSize:(W) 16.06”(L) 26.97”(H) 34.65”Volume: 65.085 gallons

Triple ModuleSize:(W) 16.06”(L) 26.97”(H) 51.57”Volume: 88.135 gallons

• 95% Sustainable Void Space• High Compressive Strength

• (33.4 PSI – ASTM D 2412 / D 2418)• Multiple Heights• H20 Loading – Minimum 20” Cover

MPSS: HD- Heavy Duty Tank

• 95% Sustainable Void Space• Higher Compressive Strength

• (42.9 PSI – ASTM D 2412 / D 2418)• 9.5” High• H20 Loading – Minimum 18” Cover

MPSS: SD- Super Duty Tank

• 90% Sustainable Void Space• Highest Compressive Strength (320 PSI)• 2” Height Increments

MPSS: XD- Extreme Duty Tank

• 90% Sustainable Void Space• Highest Compressive Strength (320 PSI)• 2” Height Increments• H20 Loading - Minimum 6” Cover

MPSS: XD- Extreme Duty Tank

MPSS: Assembly

Typical MPSS Design

First Installation In the US in 2003Retention/Infiltration Tank – Arlington, VA

Retention/Infiltration Tank – Arlington, VA

Retention/Infiltration Tank – Arlington, VA

Retention/Infiltration Tank – Arlington, VA

Tank is backfilled ready for driveway construction on top.

Retention/Infiltration Tank – Arlington, VA

Overflow to Curb

MPSS: Characteristics• 95% Void Space = Smaller Footprint for Water Storage

– Less disturbance of site– Smaller excavations– Avoid underground utilities

• Modular Versatility– Allows Engineer Incredible Flexibility and Creativity with Design– Offers the Contractor Numerous Possibilities to Overcome Problems

• Easily Handles HS20 and HS25 Loads

Arched Chamber + GravelVs

MPSSLowe’s Home Improvement Warehouse

Orange Park FL

Case Study: Reduced Footprint

Case Study: Reduced Footprint

Arched Chamber footprint - 40’ x 500’ x 9.5’ (7,037 cy)Double Tank footprint - 30’ x 401’ x 5’ (2,228 cy)

Existing sewer line saved

Triple Tank footprint - 30’ X 291’ x 6.5’ (2,102 cy)

MPSS: Characteristics• 95% Void Space = Smaller Footprint for Water Storage

– Less disturbance of site– Smaller excavations– Avoid underground utilities

• Modular Versatility– Allows Engineer Incredible Flexibility and Creativity with Design– Offers the Contractor Numerous Possibilities to Overcome Problems

• Easily Handles HS20 and HS25 Loads

Design Flexibility: Field AdjustmentsOak Hammock Condo’sFt. Lauderdale, FL

Design Flexibility: Complex Shapes

CVS PharmacyRichmond, VA

Kimley-Horn

Design Flexibility: Adjust Top of MPSS

.511.522.53

4

Route 1 Widening - NJDOTEdison, NJ

Finished Grade Falls Diagonally Across Site

Design Flexibility: Adjust Bottom of MPSS

MPSS: Characteristics• 95% Void Space = Smaller Footprint for Water Storage

– Less disturbance of site– Smaller excavations– Avoid underground utilities

• Modular Versatility– Allows Engineer Incredible Flexibility and Creativity with Design– Offers the Contractor Numerous Possibilities to Overcome Problems

• Easily Handles HS20 and HS25 Loads

Compressive Strength Testing at Independent Laboratories

33.4 psi vs 14.64 psi = SAFETY FACTOR OF 2.28

Compressive Strength: Field VerificationUnpaved Trucking Terminal Paved Truck Stop

Paved Commercial Grass Fire Lane

MPSS: ApplicationsTank Applications

RetentionInfiltration / Dry WellHarvesting / Recycling

DetentionLinear Applications

Bio Swale Infiltration Trench Bioretention

Tank Application: Arlington Toyota, Jacksonville, FL

Tank Application: Arlington Toyota, Jacksonville, FL

Tank Application: Arlington Toyota, Jacksonville, FL

MPSS: ApplicationsTank Applications

Linear Applications

MPSS Linear Application: VDOT Route 10, Hopewell, VA

Water running off the road and down an embankment flows downhill and across road, leading to Major Road Repair.

VDOT built this project with their Maintenance Crew in

Fall, 2004.

MPSS Linear Application: VDOT Route 10, Hopewell, VA

The area hadn’t seen rain in four days, but water bled into the excavation from the road and

embankment right away.

MPSS Linear Application: VDOT Route 10, Hopewell, VA

Backfilled with Sand, R-Tanks drained through two - 6” pipes.

MPSS Linear Application: VDOT Route 10, Hopewell, VA

The Sand was Compacted and Seeded, and an Erosion Control Blanket was Installed.

MPSS Linear Application: VDOT Route 10, Hopewell, VA

MPSS Linear Application: VDOT Route 10, Hopewell, VA

Hurricane Gaston Dropped 14” of Rain in Less than 24 Hours on this site within weeks of installation. The swale worked perfectly and with no damage.

MPSS Linear Application: VDOT Route 10, Hopewell, VA

No Maintenance by VDOTFunctioning as Designed

June, 2006

MPSS: Maintenance

MPSS Maintenance: Critical Design Feature- Pre-TreatmentTrash Guard PLUS

MPSS Maintenance: Maintenance Ports / Backflushing

Pump out MPSS to remove Sediment

Back-flushing can be achieved through Maintenance Port

Integrated Infrastructure

Rain Gardens Have Been In Use Since the Late 1980’s as the Cornerstone of Low Impact Development (LID)

HPMBS: High Performance Modular Biofiltration System

Filters Stormwater Using thePhysical, Chemical andBiological Mechanisms of aSoil, Plant and MicrobeComplex to RemovePollutants Typically Found inUrban Runoff.

HIGH PERFORMANCE

MODULAR BIOFILTRATION

SYSTEM(HPMBS)

What is HPMBS?

HPMBS: High Performance Modular Biofiltration System

High Performance Biofiltration Media

Modular High Performance Underdrain/Storage

Open Mesh SeparatorClean, Bridging Stone

Clean, Shredded Hardwood Mulch

Planting

Geotextile or Liner Envelope

What is HPMBS?

High Performance Biofiltation Media

HPMBS: High Performance Modular Biofiltration System

• Viewed as a high rate Rain Garden/Biofiltration System

• High rate allows footprint to be significantly smaller than traditional Bioretention.

What is HPMBS?

HPMBS: High Performance Modular Biofiltration System

HPMBS: Pre-Approved Nutrient Removal Efficiencies

Pollutant % Removal

TSS > 80%Total

Phosphorus ≥ 60%Total

Nitrogen ≥ 48%

Nutrient Removal

To facilitate the adoption of effective technologies for pollutant source control and remediation, the Department has created a standardized process through which consultants, businesses and organizations can request an agency review of a proposed strategy. Proposals receiving a favorable review will be included in a library of accepted technologies that will be published on the Department's website. It should be noted that Departmental acceptance suggests that Agency experts believe a proposed technology has the potential to be effective in a specific application but does not imply commercial endorsement or recommendation for use.

Lee Marchman, P.E.State Stormwater EngineerEngineering, Hydrology and Geology Program2600 Blair Stone Road, MS3566Tallahassee, FL 32399850-245-8520

HPMBS: FDEP Acceptance

Why Do Biofiltration Systems Fail?1. Low-Flow Soils (5 in/hour)2. Poorly Blended Soils (Mixed On-Site)3. Mismatched Components in Soil

Blend4. Bridging Stone Not Paired with Soils5. Geotextiles in Cross-Section6. Construction Contamination7. Lack of Maintenance

FocalPoint Resolution:1. High-Flow Soils (100 in/hour)2. Double-Blended @ Plant3. Consistent Components –

Shipped in SuperSacks4. Pre-Analyzed Bridging Stone5. Mesh Replaces Geotextiles6. Protected Until Commissioned7. First Year of Maintenance

Included

HPMBS: Comparison to Conventional Raingardens

HPMBS: Performance Specification

HPMBS: Performance SpecificationIn-Situ Hydraulic Conductivity Testing

HPMBS: Applications

HPMBS: Applications

HPMBS: Applications

HPMBS: Applications

HPMBS: Case StudySettler’s Market

Williamsburg Virginia

HPMBS: Pre-TreatmentRain Guardian

• Developed by Anoka County Conservation District

• Traps Trash & Debris Above Grate• Runoff Drops Through Grate and Passes

Through Filter, Into Bioretention Cell• Overflows Pass Through Grate BEHIND

Filter or Overtop Weir• Maintenance is Easy.

• Remove Grate• Shovel Sediment out of Unit• Brush Film from Filter

• Very Inexpensive• $1500 with Pedestrian Grate• $1750 with H-10 Grate

HPMBS: MaintenanceSimple Maintenance

FocalPoint Media•Perform Infiltration Testing Yearly•Will IMPROVE with Time & Plant Growth

Mulch:•Acts as a Pre-Treatment Mechanism•Traps Trash, Sediments & Particulates•Remove & Replace Mulch Every 6-12 Months•Schedule will Depend on Site Characteristics•Cut Back Plants & Replace Dead Ones

Traditional Systems Are Expensive to Maintain…Costs:•Jet Vac Truck

•Typical Costs = $250/Hour•Four Hour Minimum

•Cartridges Must Be Replaced Yearly•Typical Costs = $250 - $750/ea

Virtually All Systems Have a Bypass•How do Property Owners KNOW They Need Maintenance?

HPMBS: Maintenance

HPMBS Maintenance•Like All Bioretention Systems, HPMBS Systems Talk to Their Owners•Maintain System When Holds Water for More Than 24 Hours•Remove Mulch & Replace•Cut Back Plants•Replace Dead Plants•Costs are VERY Manageable

HPMBS: Maintenance

Integrated Infrastructure

P-ACB

MPSS

Flow

Integrated Infrastructure: P-ACB + MPSS System Design

MPSSXD

P-ACB + MPSSXD > MPSSHD

Integrated Infrastructure: P-ACB + MPSS-XD >> MPSS-HD System Design

MPSSHD

MPSSXD

P-ACB + MPSSXD > HPMBS

HPMBS

Integrated Infrastructure: P-ACB + MPSS-XD >> HPMBS System Design

P-ACB + MPSSXD > HPMBSIntegrated Infrastructure: P-ACB + MPSS-XD >> HPMBS System Design

Integrated Infrastructure: System Design

• Replace conventional stormwaterinlets

P-ACB + MPSS Stormwater Inlet

Integrated Infrastructure: System Research

UCF Stormwater Academy• 4 Test Sections• Integrated

Infrastructure• ERIK devices used to

measure permeability• Clogged with Sandy

and Silty Soils• Measure rejuvenation

capability

Integrated Infrastructure: System Research

UCF Stormwater Academy

P-ACB / Geotextile / 6” gravel / Geotextile

P-ACB / 6” gravel / Geotextile P-ACB / 6” gravel / Geotextile / MPSSXD / Geotextile

P-ACB / 6” gravel / Geogrid / 12” Gravel / Geotextile / MPSSSD / Geotextile

Integrated Infrastructure: System Research

UCF Stormwater Academy

Integrated Infrastructure: System Research

UCF Stormwater Academy

Integrated Infrastructure: System Research

Stormwater Academy at UCF, Orlando

Integrated Infrastructure: System Research

UCF Stormwater Academy

Short ERIK Test Results

From 11,021 in/hrto

13,602 in/hr

Integrated Infrastructure: System Research

UCF – Sediment Loading and Regeneration

Average Short ERIK Values60% to 78% Regenerated

Typical Regenerated Infiltration of 7000 to 8900 in/hr

UCF Stormwater Management Academy – Design Tools

• Pervious Pavement Design Aid• Determine CN and C

• BMPTRAINS• Comprehensive Stormwater

Design ToolAvailable for download at:

http://stormwater.ucf.edu/computer-programs/

Integrated Infrastructure

• Engineer: E-Sciences, Orlando• E.O.R.: Ryan Mitchell, PE• Runoff Area: 1.4 Acres• PaveDrain Area: 8,868 SF• Parking Lot Cross-section

• 5.6” PaveDrain• 6” AASHTO #57 (crushed

granite)• 3.5’ AASHTO #2 open gravel• FDOT Index 199, Type D2

geotextile envelope• Stormwater Runoff Retention: 2.5”• Stormwater Quality

Improvements:• Reduce TSS by 95%• Reduce Nitrogen by 95%• Reduce Phosphorous by 95%

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

P-ACB Layout Drawings

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

P-ACB Layout Drawings

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

P-ACB Layout Drawings

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

Original Limerock Parking Lot Excavation of Gravel Reservoir

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

Placement of 4 Foot Thick Gravel Reservoir

Compaction of #57 Stone Subbase

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

Starting in NE Corner with End Blocks and Half Blocks

Colored Blocks Installed Throughout

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

P-ACB Installation P-ACB Installation

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

Overview of P-ACB Installation

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

Cut P-ACB Blocks Marking Cuts on P-ACB

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

Completed P-ACB Installation

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

P-ACB Case Study: Highland Avenue Parking Lot, Melbourne, FL

Cross Section

• 4 Ft of Gravel• 4 Ft – 6 In of Undercut• Integrated Infrastructure??

Integrated Infrastructure: P-ACB + MPSS-SD

Cross Section – Equivalent Retention Volume

• 18 In of Gravel• 9.5 In MPSS-SD

• 21.5 In Less Undercutting• 30 In Less Gravel

MPSS-SD

6”12”

9.5”

Integrated Infrastructure: P-ACB + MPSS-XD

Cross Section – Equivalent Retention Volume

• 6 In of Gravel• 14 In MPSS-XD

• 28 In Less Undercutting• 42 In Less Gravel

MPSS-XD (7 Layers)6”14”

P-ACB + MPSS Case Study: 72 Bishop Street, Portland, ME

• In Design• Q4, 2016 Construction• Redevelopment project design

• Design for stormwater collection and detention• Elevated storage behind lined retaining wall• Stormwater detention design with pipe outfall

• 2000 SF P-ACB• 2500 CF MPSS

P-ACB + MPSS Case Study: Route 54 Sidewalk Project, Fenwick Island, DE

• In Design• Q4, 2016 Construction• Design for High GWT, Flood Control and Pedestrian Safety• DelDot rejected Porous Concrete due to maintenance concerns• P-ACB Sidewalk and Pavement Shoulder Drain

• Both drain to underlying MPSS-SD drain/reservoir• 2000 LF of Pavement treated

• 18,000 SF P-ACB• 6,200 CF MPSS

P-ACB + MPSS Case Study: Upgrades to Central Advanced WWTP, Ft. Myers, FL

• Designer: AECOM, Fort Myers• Christian Colarusso, EI• Donovan Bramlett, PE

• In Design• 2017 Construction• Conversion of Detention Basin to

P-ACB Pavement and MPSS• +/- 17,000 CF of Storage

P-ACB + MPSS Case Study: Upgrades to Central Advanced WWTP, Ft. Myers, FL

• P-ACB Finish Grade - EL 6.0• Top of MPSS - EL 4.12• 25 Year Peak Flood - EL 3.0• MPSS Invert - EL 1.3• SHGWT - EL 0.0

P-ACB + MPSS Case Study: Upgrades to Central Advanced WWTP, Ft. Myers, FL

• 5300 SF P-ACB Pavement• 8100 CF MPSS-HD – “Doubles”• MPSS enveloped in 8 oz/sy NW Geotextile• Void space in open gravel backfill, base and cover used for storage

• 30% Void Space• Woven monofilament (10 % open area) geotextile filter/separator

between open gravel and subgrade

P-ACB + MPSS + HPMBS Case Study: 7th Street Parking Improvements, Haines City, FL

• 5000 SF Lot• SHGWT = - 3 FT• Provide 1” Treatment• Infiltration Rate = 6”/Hr• Integrated Infrastructure Solution

1. 5000 SF P-ACB2. 20 SF HPMBS (Low Profile)3. 58 CF MPSS-SD

P-ACB + MPSS + HPMBS Case Study: 7th Street Parking Improvements, Haines City, FL

• Design Concept Presented• Summer 2016 Construction

P-ACB + MPSS + HPMBS Case Study: 7th Street Parking Improvements, Haines City, FL

1. Cover entire lot with P-ACB

P-ACB + MPSS + HPMBS Case Study: 7th Street Parking Improvements, Haines City, FL

2. 2’ X 10’ Low Profile HPMBS• Accommodate shallow

water table• Small footprint• Minimal capital cost• Minimal maintenance

costs

P-ACB + MPSS + HPMBS Case Study: 7th Street Parking Improvements, Haines City, FL

3. 58 CF MPSS• Overflow from low

profile HPMBS

Integrated Infrastructure: Summary• P-ACB Pavements

• High flow – 2000 in/hr guaranteed• 1” Storage in P-ACB• Maintainable• ADA-Compliant

• MPSS• High Void Ratio – 90%–95%• Modular flexibility• Carry traffic loads

• HPMBS• Green Infrastructure• High flow – 100 in/hr guaranteed• FDEP-Approved removal efficiencies

• Integrated Infrastructure BMPs researched at UCF

Randy Thomas, PESouth Regional Engineer

ACF EnvironmentalRthomas@acfenv.com

www.acfenvironmental.com