Bibhuti B. BhardwajAzaz Ahmed

Angshuman M Saharia

Department of Civ i l Engineer ing, School o f Engineer ing, Tezpur Univers i ty, Napaam -784028, Tezpur, Assam, Ind ia

Presented By-

Airport Layout, Terminal Building, Parking and Hangars

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Airport Layout DESIGN

Airport layout is meant to assist pilots in easily recognizing runways

and other things in the airport from the air and to taxi safely from the

runway to the gate.

Layout Design

Considering

TerminalBuilding Layout

Lightning

Layout

Runway Layout

Hangars

ParkingLayout

Runway Layout

Four types

Open-V runways

Parallel runways

Single runway

Intersecting runways

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(1) Single Runway

Simplest of the 4 basic configurations

One runway optimally positioned for prevailing

winds, noise, land use and other determining factors

Accommodate between 42 to 53 operations per hour

(2) Parallel Runways

Four types based on how closely they are placed next to each

other

Accommodate between 64 to 128 operations per hour

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(3) Open-V runways

Two runways diverge from different directions but DO

NOT intersect

useful when there is little wind

Direction of take-off and landings effect the no. of

operations per hour

(4) Intersecting runways

Two or more runways that cross each other

potential to use a greater amount of land area than

parallel runway configurations.

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AIRPORT LIGHTNING LAYOUT

To help pilots at night quickly identify the runways and taxiways-

Green threshold lights line the runway's edge

Red lights mark the ends of runways and indicate obstructions

Blue lights run alongside taxiways

White or Yellow lights mark their edges

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TERMINAL AREA

The airport terminal area is comprised of terminal buildings, aircraft

parking, loading, unloading and service areas such as automobile parking

Terminal building is a building at an airport where passengers transfer

between ground transportation and the facilities that allow them to

board and disembark from aircraft.

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Within the terminal building, passengers purchase tickets, transfer their

luggage and go through security.

The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are typically

called concourses.

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Terminal building configurations

Pier Satellite terminal

Pier finger terminal

Gate Arrival

terminal

Transporter

Or Mobile Lounge

Simple CurvilinearLinear

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(A) Gate Arrival Terminal

Within linear terminals, ticket counters serving individual airlines were introduced

and loading bridges were deployed at aircraft gates.

In some instances airports were extended in a curvilinear fashion, allowing even

more aircraft to park “nose-in” to the terminal building while maintaining short

walking distances from the airport entrance to the aircraft gate.

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(B) Pier finger terminal

The pier finger terminal concept evolved in the 1950s

The pier finger terminal is the first of what are known as decentralized facilities

Moreover, often the main-unit terminal facility and corridors connecting the

individual fingers were not expanded along with the construction of additional

concourses, leading to passenger crowding in these areas

Concourses extended from main-unit terminal buildings with

aircraft parked at the end of the concourse around a round atrium or

satellite area

Satellite terminal concepts were developed in the 1960s and 1970s

(c) Pier satellite TERMINAL

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(D) mobile lounge or transporter concept

In 1962 the opening of Dulles International Airport west of Washington, D.C.,

introduced the mobile lounge or transporter concept of airport terminals.

To travel between aircraft and the terminal building, passengers would board

transporters known as mobile lounges

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1. Departures Lounge 2. Gates and jet bridges3. Security Clearance Gates4. Baggage Check-in5. Baggage Carousels

APRON AND GATE SYSTEM

Locations where aircrafts park for

• Loading

• Unloading

• Servicing

• Preflight preparationSize of aircraft (lengths & wingspans) is single determinant of area

required for individual gates and apron parking spaces

APRON AND GATE SYSTEM

• Grand size of airport terminals is a direct result of large no of gates

designed to accommodate aircrafts having long wingspans.

• Size of aircraft parking area is also determined by orientation in which

aircraft will park, known as the aircraft parking type

• Aircraft may be positioned at various angles with respect to the terminal

building for passenger boarding and deplaning

AIRPORT PARKINGMajor Parking Types

Nose-in Parking

Angled Nose-in

Angled Nose-out

Parallel Parking

Remote Parking

NOSE-IN PARKING

Only the front-entry door on the aircraft is used for boarding as  rear

doors are far from loading bridge.

Common for large jet aircrafts.

Required less space.

Aircraft

Parking

Parked by own engine power

Pulled / Pushed out of parking by Aircraft tugs

SCHEMATICS OF NOSE-IN PARKING

Nose-in parking

ANGLED NOSE-IN PARKING

Brings the aircraft close to terminal building while maintaining

enough maneuvering room so that it can exit parking space under its

own power.

Used mostly by smaller Aircrafts

Requires slightly more parking space than for nose-in types

ANGLED NOSE-OUT PARKING

Used at airports with relatively low levels of activity

The aircraft is parked slightly farther from the terminal building so

that the blast from jets or large propellers doesn’t damage the terminal

buildings

PARALLEL PARKING

Both front and rear doors of the aircraft could be used for passenger

boarding.

Easy to achieve but requires larger parking space near terminal building

Mostly employed by cargo aircrafts

REMOTE PARKING

Smaller commercial and general aviation aircrafts may be boarded

and deplaned from the remote parking areas with the use of shuttle

buses or vans.

Comprises of a series of rows of parking spaces

Employed when parking area near the terminal building is limited

Remote parking

What is Hangar?• A hangar is a closed structure to hold aircraft in protective

storage.• The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart ("enclosure near a house")

HangarMost hangars are built of metal,

but other materials such as

wood and concrete are also

used.

It is used for

protection from weather,

protection from direct sunlight,

maintenance,

repair,

manufacture.

Hangar Site Location

There should be convenient

road access to it from the

aprons and terminal buildings.

Proximity to and easy

installation of utilities.

The site should not be along the

direction of frequent storms.

Favorable topography providing

good natural drainage.

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Span and Size

• According to the span of the hangar, the sizes can be classified:

• The XXL hangars are built for the biggest aircraft in the world: Airbus A380, Boeing 747.

Size Span (m)

S Less than 30m

M 30m-60m

L 60m-90m

XL 90m-120m

XXL More than 120m

Different types of HangersAirship Hanger

Airship hangars are specialized buildings that are used for

sheltering airships during construction, maintenance and

storage.

Zeppelin Hanger, Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil

Bellman hangar

The Bellman Hangar was designed in the United Kingdom in 1936

by N. S. Bellman, as a temporary hangar capable of being erected or

dismantled by unskilled labour with simple equipment and to be

easily transportable

Bellman Hanger, South Australia,

2007

.

Cargolifter AG was a company created to offer logistical

services through point-to point transport of heavy

and outsized loads.

Cargolifter AG was created on 1 September 1996

in Wiesbaden, Germany

Exterior view of

hangar built for

Cargolifter

Cargolifter

Tee hangar

It is constructed of metal, they are primarily used for private

aircraft at general aviation airports.

Underground hangar

An underground hangar is a type of hangar for military aircraft,

usually dug into the side of a mountain for protection.

Underground

hangar in Sweden