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A new FerryBox line in the Baltic Sea and the Kattegat for climate change and algal monitoringBengt Karlson1, Seppo Kaitala2, Henrik Lindh3, Fredrik Waldh3 , Petri Maunula2, ViviFleming-Lehtinen2, Marie Johansen1 and Cia Hultkrantz1

Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute1

OceanographySven Källfelts gata 15 SE-426 71 Västra Frölunda Sweden E-mail: bengt.karlson@smhi.se

Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Marine Research Centre2

Mechelininkatu 34a P.O. Box 140FI - 00251 HELSINKI, Finland

Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute3

601 76 NorrköpingSweden

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Co-operation between Sweden and Finland

PartnersSwedish Meteorological and Hydrological InstituteFinnish Environment InstituteUniversity of Gothenburg (project on ocean acidification)

Department of ChemistryDepartment of Earth SciencesDepartment of Marine ecology

Funding fromSMHI – Swedish Ministry of the EnvironmentSYKE – Finnish Ministry of the EnvironmentSwedish Environmental Protection Agency

Contribution to equipmentPhytoplankton analysesProject on ocean acidification

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General contextFerryBox systems are tools to help resolve the natural variability in time and spaceLong Term Ecological ResearchMonitoring global and regional climate changeHarmful Algal Bloom warnings and monitoringEU Marine Strategic Framework DirectiveData assimilation into physical and biogeochemical models

View from R/V Argos in Southern Baltic 12 July 2006 View from space 16 July 2006 ENVISAT/MERIS/SMHI

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TransPaper route

TransPaper• Length over all 190.8 m• Delivered in 2006• Shipping company

TransAtlantic AB• 15-year contract with

StoraEnso for shipping paper etc. on the route

Gothenburg-Kemi-Oulu-Lübeck-GothenburgGothenburg is visited once a week

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FerryBox system on TransPaper

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Real time dataFlow through system

Temperature near water inletConductivitySalinity (calculated)Chlorophyll fluorescence –phytoplankton biomassPhycocyanine fluorescence –cyanobacteria biomassTurbidityOxygen (optode)

In air measurementsAir temperatureAir pressureIrradiation (PAR, PhotosyntheticActive RadiationPosition and time stamp (GPS)

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Data transferSampling frequency

every 20 seconds – approximately 250 meter interval

Communication systemShips satellite internet connectionftp - file transfer protocolData is sent to SMHI and SYKE every 60 minutes

Satellite

WWW

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TransPaper sampling locations

Sampling frequency• Every two weeks

Parameters12 locations• Salinity• CDOM/humic substances

6 locations in the Kattegat• Chlorophyll a

4 locations• Phytoplankton

Planned additional sampling• alkalinity• inorganic nutrients

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Examples of data presentation

Temperature

Chlorophyll fluorescence

Salinity

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TransPaper regions for data averaging

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Averaged data for region 16 West of Bornholm winter 2009-2010

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Access to dataNear real time data

Global Ocean Observing SystemEuroGOOS

BOOS www.boos.org and BOOS ftp-boxSMHI web site www.smhi.seAlg@line at Baltic Sea Portal www.itameriportaali.fiBaltic Algae Watch system at SMHI (password protected)

Quality controlled archive data (not yet fully operational)Swedish National Oceanographic Data Centre at SMHI www.smhi.seFinnish Environment Instiute www.ymparisto.fi

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Issues and teething problemsHeavy ice cover in 2010

Clogging of water inletHarbours blocked by iceShips schedule changes

Other isuesA GPS broke downSnow in irradiance sensorProblems triggering two water sampling devices

15 March MODIS/Aqua NASA

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New research project funded by the Swedish EPA- Ocean acidification - the state of the Baltic Sea and the Skagerrak-KattegatBengt Karlson, SMHI, Gothenburg, project leaderElisabeth Sahlsten, SMHI, GothenburgHenrik Lindh, SMHI, NorrköpingAgneta Fransson, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of GothenburgLeif Anderson, Dept. of Chemistry, University of GothenburgAron Hakonen, Dept. of Chemistry, University of GothenburgStefan Hulth, Dept. of Chemistry, University of GothenburgMichael Thorndyke, Dept. of Marine Ecology, University of Gothenburg

(Kristineberg)Sam Dupont, Dept. of Marine Ecology, University of GothenburgJonathan Havenhand, Dept. of Marine Ecology, University of GothenburgElin Renborg, Dept. of Marine Ecology, University of GothenburgPia Engström,Sven Lovén Center for Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg

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Very brief background

Dr. Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL(www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends)

Effects on the wholemarine ecosystemexpected

Organisms containingCaCO3 extra vulnerable,e.g. mussels, corals, some plankton

Brackish waters maybe extra vulnerableand are not wellstudied

Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbondioxide, Royal Academy of Science, 2005

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Use of FerryBox system in th OA projectpCO2-measurementspH measurements (new methods)Water sampling for alkalinitymeasurements

Salinity range of ca 3-25 psu

pCO2 analyser, General Oceanics

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Call for cooperation

Northern cape of Ölands, summer 2005, photo by Swedish Coast Guard, Air Patrol

Data will be free to use through BOOS and National OceanographicData CentresCooperation for water sample analysis

NutrientsPhotosyntheric pigmentsDissolved organic matter (CDOM)PhytoplanktonYour choice

Other cooperation