Post on 05-Jan-2016
A Global Conflict
Ch. 13-3
Outside of Europe
• Gallipoli Campaign1. Secure Dardanelles2. Take Constantinople3. Defeat Ottoman Turks4. Establish supply line
to Russia• Japan allied with British
– Wanted to seize German outposts in China
Eastern Front
• Battle of Tannenberg– Lasts 4 days but 30,000 Russians killed– Russians retreats so now fighting on own soil
• Russian army poorly equipped– Only asset is numbers = peasant soldiers
• Czar Nicholas abdicates throne• Communist leader Vladimir Lenin signs Treaty
of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in 1917
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Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the
war?• America was isolationist • “Why should I get involved in
someone else’s problems”
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Thinking Slide:
•Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States?
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Which side should the US pick?
•11 million German-Americans •Irish-Americans hated Great Britain
•Close cultural ties •Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories)•Big business loaned much $ to allies
Central Powers: Allies:
Nations 1914 1915 1916 Britain $594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102 France $159,818,924 $364,397,170 $628,851,988 Germany $344,794,276 $28,863,354 $288,899
US Exports to both sides:
· However, U.S. traded far more with the Allied Powers than with the Central Powers.
American Neutrality
· Officially, the U.S. was a neutral country.
· However, Britain and Germany set up blockades around the British and German coasts.
Freedom of the Seas
· The U.S., as a neutral nation, claimed the right to trade with either side in the war.
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What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
•The U.S., as a neutral nation, claimed the right to trade with either side in the war.
•However, Britain and Germany set up blockades around the British and German coasts.
•Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare against British
•In May, 1915 Germany warned Americans to stay off of British ships
· German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy.
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What did it take to get the US involved?
2. Lusitania
•Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans)
•Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition
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What did it take to get the US involved?
1. Blockades
•The US sharply criticized Germany for their action•Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future
Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster
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What did it take to get the US involved?
3. Zimmerman Note
•US intercepted a coded message from Germany to Mexico
•Germany promised to help Mexico regain land it lost to the U.S. in the Mexican War.
(above) Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico, 01/19/1917 (right) decoded words
Zimmermann Telegram: Decoded Message
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What did it take to get the US involved?
•Zimmerman Note and the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war
•The U.S. declared war on the Central Powers in 1917.
Total War
• Countries devoted all resources to the war
• Propaganda utilized• Government took over economy
–All civilians put to work–Rationing – people only allowed to
buy small amounts
· The War Industries Board told factories what to produce and the War Labor Board settled labor disputes.
Labor:
Examples: • “wheatless Mondays”•“meatless Tuesdays”
Organizing the War Effort
Food:·Americans learned to conserve food for the soldiers.
· In order to support the troops “victory gardens” were grown by people throughout the nation.
· Women took over the jobs of men fighting in the war.
Woman In a Factory During World War I
Public Support:
· The government raised over $21 billion through the sale of Liberty Bonds.
Patriotism People
encouraged to ‘do your bit for your country’
Pals brigades (including football teams, old school friends)
Promised to be over by Christmas
By December 1914, 1 million men had enlisted
What is the artist of who made this poster trying to say?
Propaganda Govt. afraid honest reporting would turn
people against the war Women told to encourage sons, husbands &
boyfriends to enlist
Conscription Casualties increased News returned to
Britain of horrors of trenches
Conscription introduced for all men between ages of 18 and 41
Conscientious objectors (conshies) given white feathers
By 1918 2.5 million extra men had been enlisted
Why did millions of men feel ‘obliged’ to fight in the War?