The Kinb Q.o*' aLWaíïn -ff Domm al-Barraítn

A facsimile edition of tlte anique mdntlscript,presented fu Jan Just Vitkam

by Nrlr al-Din'Ah b. aI-Gazzar

This short treatise which enumerates a number of thenegative aspects of the use of bari and hashish is atpresent known to exist in only one manuscript. This ispreserved in the University Library of Leiden, where itforms part of the famous Levinus Warner Legacy(which entered the library in several shipments from1665 onwards), and where i t is registered as Or.814(12), being the twelfth text in a magmu'a, occupyinglï.213b-284a therein. The title-page of rhe trearisementions the name of the author as Nur al-Din All b.al-Gazzàr, and additional information from HáÈÈlKalifa (Kaí.f al-Zunun No.9590, ed. Fluegel, vol.4,pp.570-l) gives his kunya as Ab[ al-Hasan and hisni.;ba as al-Misri. This information is not very revealingas the names Ali and Abu al-Hasan are used virtuallyas synonyms. Hàggi Kalifa mentions another work byhim. entitled Tahsïn al-Manazil min Hawl at-Zalazit,rvhich he composed during an earthquake in Egypt in984 1516 (op . c i t . , No.2521, vo l .2 , pp .2 l7 -8) , andreferences to manuscripts of that work in the EgyptianNational Library are given by Brockelmann (GALG II, 354). HáÈÉr Kalifa quotes two lines from a poemby Ali b, al-Gazzar against the use of bari from thisnork lalzsín al-Mana;i/. Brockelmann, whose infor-mation on the Qam'al-Waiïn is based on the Leidencatalogue and Há!!r Kalifa, mentions the work in hisG,4LG II , 354 and S I I , 429 as one of the two productsof the author, but the author would appear to speakof more works by himself (the title-page and .f.283b,line 3 of the Qam' al-Waiín), without, however, men-tioning these by their titles. Hàggi Kalifa has seen acopy of the Qam' al-Waiín as he quotes the openingsentence and summarizes the introduction. It may wellbe that he has had this very manuscript before him,since it is known that Levinus Warner had the oppor-tunity to purchase books from Hàggi Kalifa's libraryafter the owner's death.

On the title-page of this treatise the author is giventhe titles iayk al-iuyuft wa-íaylg maiayift at-iuyuft in theiqlím of Egypt and Cairo and the two Qaràfa's, and

)Èt d/,f d/Jr 1l ,àitjlr t! + ànblr C vK

also as the lgallfat al-imam al-a'zam at-Safii't. Nothingmore seems to be known about the author. but all thiswould imply that the author lived and worked in Egyptin the second half of the l0th/16th century. FranzRosenthal dates the treatise as having been composedbefore 991/1583, since the work is quoted by al-Fanàriin his Risala fi Bayan HurmaÍ al-Haií! wa-ul-Aftun,which is preserved in a manuscript dated 991i1583 (TheHerb, pp. l6-7). The date of composition can, however,be specified somewhat more precisely. The Leidenmanuscript Or.8l4 contains twelve Arabic treat ises inall. A survey of the bibliographical references to thesemay be found in P. Voorhoeve's Handlist, pp. 557-8.All are copied by the same copyist. One of the texts inthe volume is dated in the beginning of Gumàdà II97711569 (see the colophon on f/'.246a-b). The treatisemust have existed, therefore, at least fourteen yearsearlier than Rosenthal's terminus ante quem. The textwas composed in Egypt, as is evident from the way theauthor is introduced on the title-page, and also fromthe text of the treatise itself where the author speaksof typically Egyptian conditions in several instancesQf.274a l ine 4, . f .215b l ine 5, f .280a l ine l2). In thesame colophon on ff.2a6a-b the copyist of the entirevolume gives his full name as Muhammad b. Muham-mad b. Abd al-Mu'min b. Sulaymán b. Farhàd b.Qamarr al-Gamáli, and his

'ur.f as Ibn Mu'min. As the

place where he copied the manuscript he mentions takna.f bilad AllAh. This is, however, something of apuzzle to me. Even if one reads aknaf instead of theaknaf of the manuscript, it would mean 'under theprotection of the land (or: city) of God'. This mayallude to Mecca or Medina. The present manuscriptdoes not, however, seem to have been copied in Meccaor Medina, nor even in Egypt, at least not by localscholars or scribes. The fact that all texts in this volumeare written in nasta'líq script (rather uncommon fortexts in Arabic even in 16th century Istanbul) withattractive headings and rulings (usually in blue andred), and occasionally with gold ornamentation, that

Manuscr ip ts o f the Midd le Easr I (1986) O Ter Lugt Press , Donkersreeg 19 , 2312 HA Le iden, Nether lands . 1986 ISS1,\ 0920-0401

IBN AL-GAZZAR

paper of different colours was used and that thevolume is elegantly bound in leather, could suggest thatLhis magmi

'a was intended for bibliophilic use, prob-

ably by a connoisseur in Istanbul where the volumewas eventually purchased by Warner. The nature of theother texts (although some of these have clearly anEgyptian connection, like No.9, which treats the Cop-tic calendar) in the volume also points to that direction.

The contents of the Qam' al-Waíín have been exten-sively analysed by Franz Rosenthal in his monographon hashish in the Middle East, The Herb, and Íheseneed not to be repeated here. Rosenthal also translatedshort passages from the text and the qasida in the se-cond chapter into English. He has, furthermore, giventhe text its place in the literary genre of Arabic workson hashish and other drugs, and for conciseness' sakereference is made here only to Rosenthal's index to TheHerb, s.v. Qam' .

The treatise is arranged as follows:í. 273b. Introduction.

f. 274b. First chapter (bab), on the proscription ofbari and its derivates.

f. 280a. Second chapter, on how to censure those whouse óari.

f. 281a. Qasida of 60lines, rhyming in -la, on the samesubject, apparently part ofthe second chapter.

f. 283a. Epilogue (katima) on the use of coffee.

qtv' 'tr.wÁSrN 87

In order to fit in the format of this publication theouter margins of the manuscript, which are consider-able but contain no text, are not fully reproduced here,the page format of the original being c. 20.5 x 12.5 cm.Otherwise the reproductions are in actual size. Theouter margin of f.282b contains, apart from the librarystamp which is reproduced here, also a paste-in withthe text 'Ex Legato Viri Ampliss. LrvrNr WARNERT'.This label, which was added to the manuscript after ithad come to Leiden is not reoroduced.

POSTSCRIPT

Dr. Joseph Sadan (Tel-Aviv University) kindly broughtto my attention the book by Ralph S. Hattox, Coffee andCoffee and Cofíeehouses. The Origíns o.f a Social Beveragein the Medíeval llear East. Seattle etc. (University ofWashington Press) 1985. Hattox refers to the Qam' al-Iïaiínon pp. 111 and 135, but does not seem to know more of thetext than what is said bv Franz Rosenthal in The Herb.

Bibliographical references :Franz RossNruel. The Herb. Hashish yersus Medieval

Muslint Society. Leiden (E. J. Brill) 1971 .P. VoonHorvr, Handlist oJ' Arabic Manuscripts ... 2nd

enlarged edition. The Hague etc. (Leiden UniversityPress) 1980.

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