Post on 04-Jan-2016
9-1
Transforming the Roman World
1. What replaced the Western Roman empire by 500
A number of states fuled by German Kings
2. Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
The Angles and the Saxons were Germanic tribes from Denmark and Northern Germany who settled in Britain in the 5th Century
3. Which of the German states on the European continent proved long lasting?
The Kingdom of the Franks
4. What political advantage did Clovis gain when he converted to Christianity?
His conversion gave him the support of the Catholic Church
5. Describe the crucial social bond among the Germanic peoples
Extended families held towns together
6. What was wergild?
The amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person who was wronged
7. Explain the importance of a man known as the pope
Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church
8. In what endeavor was Pope Gregory I especially active?Converting Germanic people to Christianity
9. What good works did the Christian monks in the new European civilization
perform?
Provided schools, hospitals, and hospitality for travelers
10. What did the coronation of Charlemagne symbolize?
The coming together of the Roman, Christian , and Germanic worlds to make European civilization
11. Why do we have manuscripts of Ancient Roman literary works today?
They were copied by Carolingian monks
Wergild
The amount of money paid to a family to make up for a wrongdoing
Ordeal
A physical trial to determine guilt or innocence
Bishopric
A diocese or group of churches together
Pope
The bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church
Monk
A man who dedicates his life to God
Monasticism
The practice of being a monk
Missionary
Someone who goes out to spread a religious message
Nun
A woman who dedicates her life to God
Abbess
Head nun at a convent
Visigoth
Germanic tribe that conquered Spain
Ostrogoth
Germanic tribe that conquered Italy in the 5th century
Anglo-Saxon
Germanic tribe that settled in Great Britain
Clovis
Converted to Christianity and started the first Frankish Kingdom
Gregory I
Strengthened the papacy in the 6th century
Saint Benedict
Started the first monastery in the 6th century
Mayor of the Palace
Chief officer in the King’s household
Pepin
Unified the Frankish Kingdom
Charlemagne
Ruled a vast Frankish kingdom called the Carolingian Empire, crowned by the Pope as the Holy Roman Emperor
Scriptoria
Writing rooms in monasteries where monks copied books
9-4
The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades
I. Justinian became Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire in 527– A. Justinian’s most important contribution
was his codification of Roman Law– B. This simplified code was “The body of
civil law,” the basis of Imperial law
II. The most serious challenge to the Eastern Roman Empire was the rise of Islam– A. Islamic forces defeated an army of the
Eastern Empire at Yarmuk in 636– B. By the beginning of the eighth century,
the Eastern Empire was much smaller
• 1. Historians call this smaller empire the Byzantine Empire
• 2. The Christian church of this Empire was known as the Eastern Orthodox Church
• 3. Because the emperor appointed the head of the Orthodox church, known as the patriarch, he exercised control over church and state
III. The Empire recovered and expanded under emperors known as the Macedonians– A. The Byzantine Empire was troubled by a
growing split in its church– B. In 1054, Pope Leo IX and Patriarch
Michael Celularius of the Byzantine Church formally excommunicated each other
– C. this began the schism, or separation, between the two branches of Christianity that has not been healed to this day
– * The main cause of this schism was the Patriarch’s refusal to accept the Pope in Rome as his authority
IV. From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, European Christians conducted military expeditions known as the crusades– A. Warriors of Western Europe formed the
first crusading armies
– B. In 1187, Jerusalem fell to Muslim forces under Saladin
– C. Richard the Lionhearted negotiated a settlement whereby Christian pilgrims had free access to Jerusalem
– D. The first widespread attacks on Jews bean in the context of the crusades
Patriarch
Head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Schism
Separation between two branches of Christianity
Crusades
Expeditions to regain the holy lands from the Muslims
Infidel
A non-believer, Muslim
Justinian
Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
Body of Civil Law
Justinian’s laws for the Byzantine Empire (simplified from Roman Law)
Byzantine Empire
The Eastern half of the former Roman Empire
Macedonians
Byzantine Emperors from 867-1081
Seljuk Turks
Defeated the Byzantine Empire in East Asia
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
Called for the 2nd Crusade
Saladin
Great Muslim military leader who took Jerusalem from the Christians
Innocent III
Called for the 4th Crusade