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VermicompostingVermicomposting of Foodof Food
Waste byWaste by Perionyx excavatusDr. Dondej
TungtakanpoungEnvironmental Research Centre,
Naresuan University,Phitsanulok, Thailand
http://www.erc.nu.ac.thE-mail: dondejt@yahoo.com
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IntroductionIntroduction The main composition of Thai solid waste is organic
waste (47%, 2004) particularly food waste
The source of food waste Household
Restaurant
Fresh market etc
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Food waste from householdFood waste from household
From the survey in Borommatri 21 (a local community in PhitsanulokMunicipality) found that food waste
(kitchen waste) consist of 3 parts,vegetables, fruits and mixed boil rice.
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Problems Caused by Food WasteCommunicable Diseases
Infection by VectorMental/Physical
-Odour
-VisualDifficult for collection, transport and storage
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IntroductionIntroduction
Composting is the most economicaland sustainable option for organicwaste management
Disadvantages of composting Long duration of process
Aeration required
Loss of nutrient
Heterogeneous end product
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VermicompostingVermicomposting
Composting usingworms
Better end product
Achieve safepathogen level
Good converting ofnutrients
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InIn BorommatriBorommatri 21 (a local community in21 (a local community in
PhitsanulokPhitsanulokMunicipality)Municipality)
the community triedto operate thevermicomposting by
using the red wormfrom Wongpanit Ltd.
However, only 1household can carryout the worm farm.
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A Worm farm inA Worm farm in BorommatriBorommatri 2121
Carry out in thecement tube
Problem
Open system
Difficult to controlmoisture, insect
Poor Drainage
Unable to feed by foodwaste from household
Too much feed
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ObjectiveObjective
The purpose of this study was toestablish a method for the developmentand use of Perionyx excavatusfor
vermicomposting in an appropriatedreactor and to investigate the optimum
waste/worm ratio and yield
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Vegetables (lettuce
and Cabbage)
Fruits (banana, papayaand melon peel)
Boil
Food wasteFood waste
Mixed Vegetables : Fruits : Boil rice in
1 : 1.3 : 1.4 ratio by weight
particle size = 1-4 cm by Chopping
Material and MethodMaterial and Method
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Feed InputFood waste Sawdust (bulkingagent)
Food waste : Sawdust = 925:75 g (2:1 dry weight)
+ =
FeedFeed
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WormWorm
Perionyx excavatusfrom a worm farm at
local community ofPhitsanulokMunicipality
(Borommatrai 21) Perionyx excavatus
identified by Dr.
Prasuk Kosawititkul,biology department,faculty o f science,
Naresuan University
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ReactorReactor
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VermicompostingVermicomposting BoxBox
--
Coverperforated box
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++
screen
Base Soil
water
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ReactorReactor
Screen
Base soil
Top view
Front view
Bottom view
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Experimental DesignExperimental Design
NOWORM
50g
100g
150g
200
g
:4:1
1 kg of food waste
All experiment in Duplication
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ParameterParameter
pH
P, K, CEC
OC, N, C/Nratio, VS
moisture
Color, Odour, Temperature
weightFood waste
weightWorm
parameter
daily
weekly
weekly
weekly
weekly
Every 3 day
Every 3 day
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resultresult
The change of amount of food waste with initial worm between50-200 g
0
200
400
600800
1000
1200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
???????? (???
??????????????????
(????)
worm200 g
worm150 g
worm100 g
worm50 gcontrol (no wor
Time (day)
Foodwaste(g)
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0
10
20
30
40
0 5 10 15 20 25
Food waste/worm(g/g
D
igestionTime(da
y)
ResultResultDigestion time with varied
waste/worm ratio between 5-20
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0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.080.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
ime (day
Averageweightofaworm(g/worm)
worm200
worm150
worm100
worm50 g
Average a worm weight during the
period of vermicomposting
Eff t f t / ti
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y =0.2439x +2.70
R2=0.8973
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25Food waste/Worm(g/g
Growthrateofaworm(mg/day)
Effect of waste/worm ratio
(between 5-20) on worm growthrate
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0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0 5 10 15 20 25food waste/worm(g/g)
yield
(gworm.gwaste-1
Effect ofEffect of waste/worm ratio on
worm yieldYield = the increasing weight of the worm in vermicomposting period
the decreasing weight of the waste in vermicomposting period
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25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30Time (day)
Temperature(C
roomtemperatur
worm200 g
worm150 gworm100 g
worm50 g
control
The composting and outsideThe composting and outside temperturestempertures
during the experiment periodduring the experiment period
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0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (day)
p
worm200 g
worm150 g
worm100 g
worm50 g
control
The changes in pH of the waste
during the experiment
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
ime (day)
C/
worm200 g
worm150 gworm100 g
worm50 g
control
The changes inThe changes in c/nc/n ratioratio of the wasteof the waste
during the experiment periodduring the experiment period
Nutrient in Base Soil after
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0.95
20.1560.434control
1.1020.1830.44420
1.1600.1940.48010
1.2220.2230.4896.7
1.4170.2370.5725
0.84
00.1100.337Start
K(%)P (%)N (%)
Base Soil
Foodwaste/Wor
m
(g/g)
Nutrient in Base Soil afterexperiment
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0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
200
150
100
50
control
N%
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
200
150
100
50
control
K%
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
200
150
100
50
control
P%
Nutrient in Base Soil
after experiment
N
P
K
C l iC l i
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ConclusionConclusion Perionyx excavatuswas found to be an
effective worm for vermicomposting of foodwaste.
The small plastic perforated box was found tobe an appropriated reactor forvermicomposting of food waste and to have
the potential for distribution to thai localhousehold. Perionyx excavatus was found to be the
effective consumer for digestion of foodwaste. 1 kg of food waste was empty in 11 25days with the worm between 50 200 g,respectively.
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ConclusionConclusion The worm growth rate increased with increasing
of waste/worm ration. The optimum yield was found to be 0.126 g worm/
g waste at waste/worm ratio = 6.67 (1000 gwaste/150 g worm)
The other microorganisms such as bacteria seemto be the main decompostor in thevermicomposting as a result of increasing oftemperature and decreasing of pH and C/N ratio
at the first 5 day The vermicomposting of food waste was found to
be the effective process for converting of nutrientfrom the waste.
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Another experiment
(vermicomposting in the drawer)
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
More information please contact:
Environmental Research CentreNeresuan University
65000http://www.erc.nu.ac.the-mail : ERC_nu@hotmail.com
Tel. 055 261000 ext 5514, 5515 Fax. 055 261914