88thth grade 2 grade 2ndnd quarter quarter study guidestudy guide

1. This happens when chemical bonds break and 1. This happens when chemical bonds break and new bonds form?new bonds form?

A. a physical changeA. a physical change

B. a chemical reactionB. a chemical reaction

C. matter is destroyedC. matter is destroyed

D. surface area increasesD. surface area increases

2. The atomic number of an element is based on 2. The atomic number of an element is based on thethe

A.mass of its nucleus.A.mass of its nucleus.

B.number of electrons around its core.B.number of electrons around its core.

C.number of protons in its nucleus.C.number of protons in its nucleus.

D.number of neutrons in its nucleus.D.number of neutrons in its nucleus.

3. Which process is an example of a physical 3. Which process is an example of a physical change?change?

A. paper burningA. paper burning B iron rustingB iron rusting C dissolving salt in waterC dissolving salt in water D milk souringD milk souring

4. Which group of elements shares 4. Which group of elements shares characteristics with both metals and characteristics with both metals and nonmetals?nonmetals?

A.saltsA.salts

B.metalloidsB.metalloids

C.halogensC.halogens

D.alloysD.alloys

5. A solid that forms from solution during a 5. A solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction is called a(n)chemical reaction is called a(n)

A. element.A. element.

B. bond.B. bond.

C. mixture.C. mixture.

D. precipitate.D. precipitate.

6. A chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the 6. A chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat is described asform of heat is described as

A. endothermic.A. endothermic.

B. exothermic.B. exothermic.

C. combustion.C. combustion.

D. unbalanced.D. unbalanced.

7. The simplest type of substance that cannot be 7. The simplest type of substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance is a(n)broken down into any other substance is a(n)

A. precipitate.A. precipitate.

B. compound.B. compound.

C. mixture.C. mixture.

D. element.D. element.

8. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a8. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a

A. positive ion.A. positive ion.

B. negative ion.B. negative ion.

C. neutral ion.C. neutral ion.

D. neutral atom.D. neutral atom.

9. A chemical bond formed when two atoms 9. A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n)share electrons is called a(n)

A. ionic bond.A. ionic bond.

B. covalent bond.B. covalent bond.

C. polyatomic bond.C. polyatomic bond.

D. crystal bond D. crystal bond

10. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, when 10. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, when Hydrogen and oxygen combine chemically, the mass of the Hydrogen and oxygen combine chemically, the mass of the product isproduct is

A.greater than the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the A.greater than the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the oxygenoxygen

B. equal to the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the B. equal to the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the oxygenoxygen

C. equal to the mass of the hydrogenC. equal to the mass of the hydrogen

D. less than the mass of the hydrogenD. less than the mass of the hydrogen

11. The substances listed on the left side of a 11. The substances listed on the left side of a chemical equation are thechemical equation are the

A. products.A. products.

B. coefficients.B. coefficients.

C. precipitates.C. precipitates.

D. reactants.D. reactants.

12. Which particles in an atom are in the 12. Which particles in an atom are in the nucleus?nucleus?

A. protons and neutronsA. protons and neutrons

B. protons and electronsB. protons and electrons

C. protons and ionsC. protons and ions

D. electrons and neutronsD. electrons and neutrons

13. Electrons involved in bonding between 13. Electrons involved in bonding between atoms areatoms are

A. valence electrons.A. valence electrons.

B. inside the nucleus.B. inside the nucleus.

C. closest to the nucleus.C. closest to the nucleus.

D. positively charged. D. positively charged.

14 What is the chemical name for the compound 14 What is the chemical name for the compound with the formula Liwith the formula Li22S?S?

A. Lithium SulfurA. Lithium Sulfur

B. Sulfur LithideB. Sulfur Lithide

C. lithium sulfideC. lithium sulfide

D. sodium sulfideD. sodium sulfide

15. The atomic number is the number of15. The atomic number is the number of

A. protons in the nucleus of an atom.A. protons in the nucleus of an atom.

B. neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.B. neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

C. valence electrons in an atom.C. valence electrons in an atom.

D. electrons in the nucleus of an atom.D. electrons in the nucleus of an atom.

16. Which of these particles has a positive 16. Which of these particles has a positive charge?charge?

A. atomA. atom

B. protonB. proton

C. neutronC. neutron

D. electronD. electron

17. An ionic bond is the attraction between17. An ionic bond is the attraction between

A. similarly charged ions.A. similarly charged ions.

B. oppositely charged ions.B. oppositely charged ions.

C. neutral ions.C. neutral ions.

D. neutral atoms.D. neutral atoms.

SubstanceSubstance Atomic Atomic NumberNumber

Atomic Atomic MassMass

ProtonsProtons NeutronsNeutrons ElectronsElectrons

BerylliumBeryllium 44 55

PotassiumPotassium 1919 3939 1919

CalciumCalcium 2020 2020 2020 2020

PhosphorusPhosphorus 3131 1515 1515

18.Fill in the chart18.Fill in the chart

Use this periodic table to answer the following questions.Use this periodic table to answer the following questions.

19. Which elements have one valence electron in 19. Which elements have one valence electron in their atoms?their atoms?

A. transition metalsA. transition metals

B. metal alloysB. metal alloys

C. alkaline earth metalsC. alkaline earth metals

D. alkali metalsD. alkali metals

20. In an electron dot diagram of Boron(B), how 20. In an electron dot diagram of Boron(B), how many dots should be drawn around the many dots should be drawn around the element’s symbol?element’s symbol?

A. 1A. 1

B. 13B. 13

C. 5C. 5

D. 3D. 3

21.How many atoms of a Oxygen(O) would be 21.How many atoms of a Oxygen(O) would be needed to react with one atom of a Magnesium needed to react with one atom of a Magnesium (Mg) element, in order to form an ionic (Mg) element, in order to form an ionic compound? compound?

A. 1A. 1

B. 3B. 3

C. 2C. 2

D. 4D. 4

22. Fluorine(F), chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br), and 22. Fluorine(F), chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br), and iodine(I) are part of a family callediodine(I) are part of a family called

A. noble gases.A. noble gases.

B. metalloids.B. metalloids.

C. halogens.C. halogens.

D. alkali metals.D. alkali metals.

Balance the equationsBalance the equations

ClCl22 + NaBr + NaBr NaCl + BrNaCl + Br22

HH22 + N + N22 NHNH33

Na + BrNa + Br22 NaBrNaBr

1. This happens when chemical bonds break and 1. This happens when chemical bonds break and new bonds form?new bonds form?

A. a physical changeA. a physical change

B. a chemical reactionB. a chemical reaction

C. matter is destroyedC. matter is destroyed

D. surface area increasesD. surface area increases

2. The atomic number of an element is based on 2. The atomic number of an element is based on thethe

A.mass of its nucleus.A.mass of its nucleus.

B.number of electrons around its core.B.number of electrons around its core.

C.number of protons in its nucleus.C.number of protons in its nucleus.

D.number of neutrons in its nucleus.D.number of neutrons in its nucleus.

3. Which process is an example of a physical 3. Which process is an example of a physical change?change?

A. paper burningA. paper burning B iron rustingB iron rusting C dissolving salt in waterC dissolving salt in water D milk souringD milk souring

4. Which group of elements shares 4. Which group of elements shares characteristics with both metals and characteristics with both metals and nonmetals?nonmetals?

A.saltsA.salts

B.metalloidsB.metalloids

C.halogensC.halogens

D.alloysD.alloys

5. A solid that forms from solution during a 5. A solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction is called a(n)chemical reaction is called a(n)

A. element.A. element.

B. bond.B. bond.

C. mixture.C. mixture.

D. precipitate.D. precipitate.

6. A chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the 6. A chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat is described asform of heat is described as

A. endothermic.A. endothermic.

B. exothermic.B. exothermic.

C. combustion.C. combustion.

D. unbalanced.D. unbalanced.

7. The simplest type of substance that cannot be 7. The simplest type of substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance is a(n)broken down into any other substance is a(n)

A. precipitate.A. precipitate.

B. compound.B. compound.

C. mixture.C. mixture.

D. elementD. element..

8. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a8. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a

A. positive ion.A. positive ion.

B. negative ion.B. negative ion.

C. neutral ion.C. neutral ion.

D. neutral atom.D. neutral atom.

9. A chemical bond formed when two atoms 9. A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n)share electrons is called a(n)

A. ionic bond.A. ionic bond.

B. covalent bond.B. covalent bond.

C. polyatomic bond.C. polyatomic bond.

D. crystal bond D. crystal bond

10. 10. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, when Hydrogen and According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, when Hydrogen and oxygen combine chemically, the mass of the product isoxygen combine chemically, the mass of the product is

A.greater than the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the oxygenA.greater than the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the oxygen

B. equal to the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the oxygenB. equal to the mass of the hydrogen plus the mass of the oxygen

C. equal to the mass of the hydrogenC. equal to the mass of the hydrogen

D. less than the mass of the hydrogenD. less than the mass of the hydrogen

11. The substances listed on the left side of a 11. The substances listed on the left side of a chemical equation are thechemical equation are the

A. products.A. products.

B. coefficients.B. coefficients.

C. precipitates.C. precipitates.

D. reactants.D. reactants.

12. Which particles in an atom are in the 12. Which particles in an atom are in the nucleus?nucleus?

A. protons and neutronsA. protons and neutrons

B. protons and electronsB. protons and electrons

C. protons and ionsC. protons and ions

D. electrons and neutronsD. electrons and neutrons

13. Electrons involved in bonding between 13. Electrons involved in bonding between atoms areatoms are

A. valence electrons.A. valence electrons.

B. inside the nucleus.B. inside the nucleus.

C. closest to the nucleus.C. closest to the nucleus.

D. positively charged. D. positively charged.

14 What is the chemical name for the compound 14 What is the chemical name for the compound with the formula Liwith the formula Li22S?S?

A. Lithium SulfurA. Lithium Sulfur

B. Sulfur LithideB. Sulfur Lithide

C. lithium sulfideC. lithium sulfide

D. sodium sulfideD. sodium sulfide

15. The atomic number is the number of15. The atomic number is the number of

A. protons in the nucleus of an atom.A. protons in the nucleus of an atom.

B. neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.B. neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

C. valence electrons in an atom.C. valence electrons in an atom.

D. electrons in the nucleus of an atom.D. electrons in the nucleus of an atom.

16. Which of these particles has a positive 16. Which of these particles has a positive charge?charge?

A. atomA. atom

B. protonB. proton

C. neutronC. neutron

D. electronD. electron

17. An ionic bond is the attraction between17. An ionic bond is the attraction between

A. similarly charged ions.A. similarly charged ions.

B. oppositely charged ions.B. oppositely charged ions.

C. neutral ions.C. neutral ions.

D. neutral atoms.D. neutral atoms.

SubstanceSubstance Atomic Atomic NumberNumber

Atomic MassAtomic Mass ProtonsProtons NeutronsNeutrons ElectronsElectrons

BerylliumBeryllium 44 99 44 55 44

PotassiumPotassium 1919 3939 1919 2020 1919

CalciumCalcium 2020 4040 2020 2020 2020

PhosphorusPhosphorus 1515 3131 1515 1616 1515

18.Fill in the chart18.Fill in the chart

Use this periodic table to answer the following questions.Use this periodic table to answer the following questions.

19. Which elements have one valence electrons 19. Which elements have one valence electrons in their atoms?in their atoms?

A. transition metalsA. transition metals

B. metal alloysB. metal alloys

C. alkaline earth metalsC. alkaline earth metals

D. alkali metalsD. alkali metals

20. In an electron dot diagram of Boron(B), how 20. In an electron dot diagram of Boron(B), how many dots should be drawn around the many dots should be drawn around the element’s symbol?element’s symbol?

A. 1A. 1

B. 13B. 13

C. 5C. 5

D. 3D. 3

21.How many atoms of a Oxygen(O) would be needed 21.How many atoms of a Oxygen(O) would be needed to react with one atom of a Magnesium (Mg) element, to react with one atom of a Magnesium (Mg) element, in order to form an ionic compound? in order to form an ionic compound?

A. 1A. 1

B. 3B. 3

C. 2C. 2

D. 4D. 4

22. Fluorine(F), chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br), and 22. Fluorine(F), chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br), and iodine(I) are part of a family callediodine(I) are part of a family called

A. noble gases.A. noble gases.

B. metalloids.B. metalloids.

C. halogens.C. halogens.

D. alkali metals.D. alkali metals.

Balance the equationsBalance the equations

ClCl22 + NaBr NaCl + Br + NaBr NaCl + Br22

HH22 + N + N22 NH NH33

Na + BrNa + Br22 NaBr NaBr

Balance the equationsBalance the equations

ClCl22 + + 22NaBr NaBr 22 NaCl + Br NaCl + Br22

33HH22 + N + N22 22NHNH33

22Na + BrNa + Br22 22NaBrNaBr