KEGEMILANGAN KERAJAAN JOHOR

Disusun Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN

Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:�Sejarah Tingkatan 1 � DBP�Gred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 � Cerdik Publications�Encarta Encyclopedia�Rujukan Internet

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7.2 KEGEMILANGAN KERAJAANJOHOR

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1. JOHOR SEBAGAI PUSAT PERDAGANGAN

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i. Johor menjadi pelabuhan entrepot setelah berjayamenguasai kawasan di Sumatera, Tanah Melayudan pulau-pulau di sekitar Johor.

ii. Kapal dagang Johor berdagang hingga ke Malukudan Makasar

iii. Pelabuhan Johor pula didatangi oleh pedagang dari- Canton (Guangzhao) dan Amoy- Belanda dan Inggeris

iv. Semasa pemerintahan Sultan Mahmud Shah, pelabuhan Johor berpindah dari Batu Sawar ke Riau.

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vi. Peranan Pelabuhan Riau dalam Pemerintahan KerajaanJohor:

� Pandangan Thomas Silcher yang menjadi gabenorBelanda di Melaka yang mengatakan tentang bilangankapal yang banyak di pelabuhan Riau.

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�Kepelbagaian barang yang terdapat di siniBarangan luar � benang emas, kain sutera

putih, teh, tembikar dantembaga.

Barangan tempatan � damar, tikar, bijih timah,sagu, minyak, lada hitam,pinang, ikan masin, garam, kayu gaharu dan beras

Johor juga terkenal sebagai pembekal kaincorak baru.

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� Kemudahan pelabuhan- gudang- tempat membaiki kapal

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� Sistem Perdagangan

i. Tukar barang � sistem barter

ii. Matawang- semasa pemerintahan Sultan Alauddin Riayat

Shah II gunakan mata wang emas, perak dantimah.Mata wang emas � masMata wang perak � kupangMata wang timah � Katun

- Mata wang asing yang digunakan Dolar Sepanyol,Dolar Mexico dan Duit Belanda

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� Sistem Cukai Berpatutan

10 keping mas1 bahara timah

6 keping mas1 bahara ladahitam

Kadar CukaiBarangan

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� Sistem Naungan

-Setiap pedagang diberi jaminan keselamatanmelalui sistem naungan

-Pedagang luar dilindungi oleh Bendahara, Raja Indera Bongsu, Temenggung dan Laksamana.

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� Peranan Orang Laut yang sangat setia

-Mengumpul hasil hutan-Mengumpul hasil laut-Pendayung kapal kerajaan-Pengawas perairan-Penunda-Penunjuk arah-Pengawal pelabuhan

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� Keistimewaan Pelabuhan Johor sendiri

-Terlindung dari tiupan angin monsun-Pintu masuk bahagian selatan ke Selat Melaka.-Mengawal aktiviti lalu lintas kapal dari baratdan timur

-Pedagang dapat merancang perjalananperdagangan mereka melalui tiupan anginmonsun

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� Faktor lain

-Johor merupakan pusat membuat kapalpesisir pantai:

BantengKolekPencalangPencacap

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2. PERKEMBANGAN PERSURATANMELAYU

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i. Johor masyur sebagi pusat perkembanganpersuratan Melayu pada abad ke 17.

ii. Antara karya yang dihasilkan ialah- Hikayat Hang Tuah- Sejarah Melayu- Karya sejarah, bahasa dan buku ilmu Islam.

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MANUSKRIP HIKAYATHANG TUAH

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iii.Hikayat Hang Tuah menceritakan:

- Keberanian dan kegagahan pahlawan Melayumelalui watak Hang Tuah, Hang Jebat, HangLekir, Hang Lekiu dan Hang Kasturi.

- Kegemilangan Kesultanan Melayu Melaka.

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iv.Sejarah Melayu

- ditulis di Melaka- disusun semula oleh Tun Seri Lanang- naskhah yang menjadi sumber pensejarahan

Melayu dan dokumen kebudayaan Melayu.

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NASKHAH SEJARAH MELAYUYANG DICETAK SEMULA

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v. Karyawan besar Johor

-Raja Haji Ahmad-Raja Ali Haji

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vi.Teknik percetakan

- Naskhah asal ditulis menggunakantulisan jawi

- Kemudian cetakan dibuat menggunakan�cap batu� pada abad ke 19.

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vii.Johor juga merupakan pusatpengajian ilmu Islam ketika MakamTauhid menjadi pusat pemerintahankerajaan Johor.

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