7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

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Lesson Presentation

California Standards

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7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Warm UpEvaluate.

1. 32

3. 102

Simplify.

4. 23 24

6. (53)2

9 16

100

27

2. 24

5. y5 y4

56 7. (x2)4

8. –4(x – 7) –4x + 28

y9

x8

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

California Standards

10.0 Students add, subtract, multiply, and divide monomials and polynomials. Student solve multistep problems, including word problems, by using these techniques.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply monomials and polynomials, you will use some of the properties of exponents that you learned earlier in this chapter.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 1: Multiplying Monomials

A. (6y3)(3y5)

(6y3)(3y5)

18y8

Group factors with like bases together.

B. (3mn2) (9m2n)

(3mn2)(9m2n)

27m3n3

Multiply.

Group factors with like bases together.

Multiply.

(6 3)(y3 y5)

(3 9)(m m2)(n2 n)

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 1C: Multiplying Monomials

()()⎛⎞−⎜⎟⎝⎠2221124ststst

−453st

Group factors with like bases together.

Multiply.

22 2112

4ts tt s s

2 2112

4t s ts ts

2

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

When multiplying powers with the same base, keep the base and add the exponents.

x2 x3 = x2+3 = x5

Remember!

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Check It Out! Example 1

Multiply.

a. (3x3)(6x2)

(3x3)(6x2)

(3 6)(x3 x2)

18x5

Group factors with like bases together.

Multiply.

Group factors with like bases together.

Multiply.

b. (2r2t)(5t3)

(2r2t)(5t3)

(2 5)(r2)(t3 t)

10r2t4

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Check It Out! Example 1

Multiply.

Group factors with like bases together.

Multiply.

c.

4 52 2112

3x zy zx y

3

1

(12x3z2)(y4z5)3

x2y

3 22 4 5112 z

3zx x y y

7554x y z

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, use the Distributive Property.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 2A: Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial

4(3x2 + 4x – 8)

4(3x2 + 4x – 8)

(4)3x2 + (4)4x – (4)8

12x2 + 16x – 32

Distribute 4.

Multiply.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

6pq(2p – q)

(6pq)(2p – q)

Multiply.

Additional Example 2B: Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial

(6pq)2p + (6pq)(–q)

(6 2)(p p)(q) + (–1)(6)(p)(q q)

12p2q – 6pq2

Distribute 6pq.

Group like bases together.

Multiply.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 2C: Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial

Group like bases together.

Multiply.

12

x2y (6xy + 8x2y2)

x y 22 612

xyyx 8 2

x y x y

2 216

28xy x y 22

12

x2 • x

1

• 62

y • y x2 • x2 y • y2• 8

12

3x3y2 + 4x4y3

Distribute .21x y

2

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 2

Multiply.

a. 2(4x2 + x + 3)

2(4x2 + x + 3)

2(4x2) + 2(x) + 2(3)

8x2 + 2x + 6

Distribute 2.

Multiply.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 2

Multiply.

b. 3ab(5a2 + b)

3ab(5a2 + b)

(3ab)(5a2) + (3ab)(b)

(3 5)(a a2)(b) + (3)(a)(b b)

15a3b + 3ab2

Distribute 3ab.

Group like bases together.

Multiply.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 2

Multiply.

c. 5r2s2(r – 3s)

5r2s2(r – 3s)

(5r2s2)(r) – (5r2s2)(3s)

(5)(r2 r)(s2) – (5 3)(r2)(s2 s)

5r3s2 – 15r2s3

Distribute 5r2s2.

Group like bases together.

Multiply.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply a binomial by a binomial, you can apply the Distributive Property more than once:

(x + 3)(x + 2) = x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) Distribute x and 3.

Distribute x and 3 again.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)

= x(x) + x(2) + 3(x) + 3(2)

= x2 + 2x + 3x + 6

= x2 + 5x + 6

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsAnother method for multiplying binomials is called the FOIL method.

4. Multiply the Last terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) 3 2 = 6

3. Multiply the Inner terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) 3 x = 3x

2. Multiply the Outer terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) x 2 = 2x

F

O

I

L

(x + 3)(x + 2) = x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 = x2 + 5x + 6

F O I L

1. Multiply the First terms. (x + 3)(x + 2) x x = x2

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 3A: Multiplying Binomials

(s + 4)(s – 2)

(s + 4)(s – 2)

s(s – 2) + 4(s – 2)

s(s) + s(–2) + 4(s) + 4(–2)

s2 – 2s + 4s – 8

s2 + 2s – 8

Distribute s and 4.

Distribute s and 4 again.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 3B: Multiplying Binomials

(x – 4)2

(x – 4)(x – 4)

x(x) + x(–4) – 4(x) – 4(–4)

x2 – 4x – 4x + 16

x2 – 8x + 16

Write as a product of two binomials.

Use the FOIL method.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsAdditional Example 3C: Multiplying Binomials

Multiply.

(8m2 – n)(m2 – 3n)

8m2(m2) + 8m2(–3n) – n(m2) – n(–3n)

8m4 – 24m2n – m2n + 3n2

8m4 – 25m2n + 3n2

Use the FOIL method.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

In the expression (x + 5)2, the base is (x + 5). (x + 5)2 = (x + 5)(x + 5)

Helpful Hint

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 3a

Multiply.

(a + 3)(a – 4)

(a + 3)(a – 4)

a(a – 4)+ 3(a – 4)

a(a) + a(–4) + 3(a) + 3(–4)

a2 – a – 12

a2 – 4a + 3a – 12

Distribute a and 3.

Distribute a and 3 again.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 3b

Multiply.

(x – 3)2

(x – 3)(x – 3)

x(x) + x(–3) – 3(x) – 3(–3)

x2 – 3x – 3x + 9

x2 – 6x + 9

Write as a product of two binomials.

Use the FOIL method.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 3c

Multiply.

(2a – b2)(a + 4b2)

2a(a) + 2a(4b2) – b2(a) + (–b2)(4b2)

2a2 + 8ab2 – ab2 – 4b4

2a2 + 7ab2 – 4b4

Use the FOIL method.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

To multiply polynomials with more than two terms, you can use the Distributive Property several times. Multiply (5x + 3) by (2x2 + 10x – 6):

(5x + 3)(2x2 + 10x – 6) = 5x(2x2 + 10x – 6) + 3(2x2 + 10x – 6)

= 5x(2x2 + 10x – 6) + 3(2x2 + 10x – 6)

= 5x(2x2) + 5x(10x) + 5x(–6) + 3(2x2) + 3(10x) + 3(–6)

= 10x3 + 50x2 – 30x + 6x2 + 30x – 18

= 10x3 + 56x2 – 18

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsYou can also use a rectangle model to multiply polynomials with more than two terms. This is similar to finding the area of a rectangle with length (2x2 + 10x – 6) and width (5x + 3):

2x2 +10x –6

10x3 50x2 –30x

30x6x2 –18

5x

+3

Write the product of the monomials in each row and column:

To find the product, add all of the terms inside the rectangle by combining like terms and simplifying if necessary. 10x3 + 6x2 + 50x2 + 30x – 30x – 18

10x3 + 56x2 – 18

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Another method that can be used to multiply polynomials with more than two terms is the vertical method. This is similar to methods used to multiply whole numbers.

2x2 + 10x – 6

5x + 36x2 + 30x – 18

Multiply each term in the top polynomial by 3.

Multiply each term in the top polynomial by 5x, and align like terms.+ 10x3 + 50x2 – 30x

10x3 + 56x2 + 0x – 18

10x3 + 56x2 – 18

Combine like terms by adding vertically.

Simplify.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 4A: Multiplying Polynomials

(x – 5)(x2 + 4x – 6)

(x – 5 )(x2 + 4x – 6)

x(x2 + 4x – 6) – 5(x2 + 4x – 6)

x(x2) + x(4x) + x(–6) – 5(x2) – 5(4x) – 5(–6)

x3 + 4x2 – 6x – 5x2 – 20x + 30

x3 – x2 – 26x + 30

Distribute x and –5.

Distribute x and −5 again.

Simplify.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 4B: Multiplying Polynomials

(2x – 5)(–4x2 – 10x + 3)

(2x – 5)(–4x2 – 10x + 3)

–4x2 – 10x + 32x – 5×

20x2 + 50x – 15+ –8x3 – 20x2 + 6x

–8x3 + 56x – 15

Multiply each term in the top polynomial by –5.

Multiply each term in the top polynomial by 2x, and align like terms.

Combine like terms by adding vertically.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.

Additional Example 4C: Multiplying Polynomials

(x + 3)3

[(x + 3)(x + 3)](x + 3)

[x(x) + x(3) + 3(x) +3(3)](x + 3)

(x2 + 3x + 3x + 9)(x + 3)

(x2 + 6x + 9)(x + 3)

Write as the product of three binomials.

Use the FOIL method on the first two factors.

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsAdditional Example 4C Continued

Multiply.

(x + 3)3

x3 + 6x2 + 9x + 3x2 + 18x + 27

x3 + 9x2 + 27x + 27

x(x2) + x(6x) + x(9) + 3(x2) + 3(6x) + 3(9)

x(x2 + 6x + 9) + 3(x2 + 6x + 9)

Use the Commutative Property of Multiplication.

Distribute the x and 3.

Distribute the x and 3 again.

(x + 3)(x2 + 6x + 9)

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsAdditional Example 4D: Multiplying Polynomials

Multiply.(3x + 1)(x3 + 4x2 – 7)

x3 4x2 –7

3x4 12x3 –21x

4x2x3 –7

3x

+1

3x4 + 12x3 + x3 + 4x2 – 21x – 7

Write the product of the monomials in each row and column.

Add all terms inside the rectangle.

3x4 + 13x3 + 4x2 – 21x – 7 Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying Polynomials

A polynomial with m terms multiplied by a polynomial with n terms has a product that, before simplifying has mn terms. In Example 4A, there are 2 3, or 6 terms before simplifying.

Helpful Hint

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 4a

Multiply.

(x + 3)(x2 – 4x + 6)

(x + 3)(x2 – 4x + 6)

x(x2 – 4x + 6) + 3(x2 – 4x + 6)

Distribute x and 3.

Distribute x and 3 again.

x(x2) + x(–4x) + x(6) + 3(x2) + 3(–4x) + 3(6)

x3 – 4x2 + 6x + 3x2 – 12x + 18

x3 – x2 – 6x + 18

Simplify.

Combine like terms.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 4b

Multiply.

(3x + 2)(x2 – 2x + 5)

(3x + 2)(x2 – 2x + 5)

x2 – 2x + 5 3x + 2

Multiply each term in the top polynomial by 2.

Multiply each term in the top polynomial by 3x, and align like terms.2x2 – 4x + 10

+ 3x3 – 6x2 + 15x3x3 – 4x2 + 11x + 10

Combine like terms by adding vertically.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsAdditional Example 5: Application

The width of a rectangular prism is 3 feet less than the height, and the length of the prism is 4 feet more than the height.A. Write a polynomial that represents the

area of the base of the prism.

Write the formula for the area of a rectangle.

Substitute h – 3 for w and h + 4 for l.

A = l w

A = l w

A = (h + 4)(h – 3)

Multiply.A = h2 – 3h + 4h – 12

Combine like terms.A = h2 + h – 12The area is represented by h2 + h – 12.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsAdditional Example 5: Application

The width of a rectangular prism is 3 feet less than the height, and the length of the prism is 4 feet more than the height.

B. Find the area of the base when the height is 5 ft.

A = h2 + h – 12

A = 52 + 5 – 12

A = 25 + 5 – 12

A = 18

Use the polynomial from part A.

Substitute 5 for h.

Simplify.

Combine terms.

The area is 18 square feet.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 5

The length of a rectangle is 4 meters shorter than its width.

a. Write a polynomial that represents the area of the rectangle.

Write the formula for the area of a rectangle.

Substitute x – 4 for l and x for w.

A = l w

A = l w

A = (x – 4)x

Multiply.A = x2 – 4x

The area is represented by x2 – 4x.

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsCheck It Out! Example 5

The length of a rectangle is 4 meters shorter than its width.

b. Find the area of a rectangle when the width is 6 meters.

A = x2 – 4x

A = 36 – 24

A = 12

Use the polynomial from part a.

Substitute 6 for x.

Simplify.

Combine terms.

The area is 12 square meters.

A = 62 – 4(6)

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsLesson Quiz: Part I

Multiply.

1. (6s2t2)(3st)

2. 4xy2(x + y)

3. (x + 2)(x – 8)

4. (2x – 7)(x2 + 3x – 4)

5. 6mn(m2 + 10mn – 2)

6. (2x – 5y)(3x + y)

4x2y2 + 4xy3

18s3t3

x2 – 6x – 16

2x3 – x2 – 29x + 28

6m3n + 60m2n2 – 12mn

6x2 – 13xy – 5y2

7-8 Multiplying PolynomialsLesson Quiz: Part II

7. A triangle has a base that is 4 cm longer than its height.a. Write a polynomial that represents the area

of the triangle.

b. Find the area when the height is 8 cm.

48 cm2

12

h2 + 2h