Post on 22-Jan-2017
WHEAT
• Muhammad Yaseen Kanju
WHEAT
Triticum aestivum L.
FAMILY: POACEAE
PUNJABI: KANAK
PASHTO: GHANUM
URDU: GANDUM
WHEAT
ANNUAL
LONG DAY
DETERMINATE
SELF POLLINATION
SEED –GRAIN-
POLLINATION-SPIKE-
HISTORY
HAZRAT ADAM (A.S) -HEAVENS-
FERTILE CRESCENT
NILE DELTA
FIRST DOMESTICATION IN SOUTHEASTERN
TURKEY (9,000 B.C)
PRE-DOMESTICATED WHEAT (23,000 B.C)
TOP COUNTRIES
COUNTRY PRODUCTION (T)
China 115181303
India 80800000
USA 60062400
Russia 41507600
France 40787000
PRODUCTION
PAKISTAN 2010
Area 9,131,600 ha
Production 23,310,800 tones
yield 2.55 t ha-1
7th in world production
MORPHOLOGY
HYPOGEAL MODE OF GERMINATION
FIBROUS/ADVENTITIOUS ROOT SYSTEM
60 CM NORMAL (UP TO 200 CM) ROOT
DEPTH
SHOOT DEVELOPMENT
SHOOT DEVELOPS FROM PLUMULE
MANY TILLERS FROM ONE SEED
PITHY NODES
HOLLOW INTERNODES
SPIKE
SPIKELETS
THREE FLORETS (GLUMES)
TWO PARTS (LEMMA & PALEA)
LEMMA -outer covering containing awn-
PALEA-beneath lemma and covers grain-
CLIMATE
WINTER/RABI
LOW TEMPERATURE (4-10 °C)
TILLERING IN 1.5 MONTH (DEC.- JAN.)
SNOWY AREAS AFTER MELTING OF SNOW
(APRIL-MAY) OR BEFORE SNOW FALL
(OCT. NOV.)
SOIL
LOAMY
WELL DRAINED CALYEY SOILS
PRIMARY TILLAGE
4-6 PLOUGHING
2-3 PLANKINGS
NATURE OF PREVIOUS CROP
SOIL TYPE
SOIL CONDITION
SEASON
SEED BED PREPARTION
2 PLOUGHINGS
2 PLANKINGS
SOWING TIME
RAINFEDEARLY SOWING 15 OCT. 31 OCT. MID SOWING NOV. – DEC.LATE SOWING TILL 15 JAN.
IRRIGATEDNOVEMBER (OPTIMUM)DECEMBER
DAB METHOD
WEED CONTROL
OPTIMUM MOISTURE AFTER PRESOAKING
IRRIGATION
PLOUGHING & PLANKING
WEEDS BURRIED IN SOIL
SOIL FERTILITY
SEED RATE
100-120 KG HA-1
METHOD
PURITY
GERMINATION PERCENTAGE
VAREITY
SOWING METHOD
BROAD CAST
KERA
PORA
AUTOMATIC RABI DRILL
RAINFED85 58 58 (NPK) KG HA-1
IRRIGATED115 65 65 (NPK) KG HA-1
HALF N & WHOLE P & KA AT SOWINGREMAINING HALF N WITH 1ST IRRIGATIONIN SANDY SOILS N IN 3 SPLITS (SOWING, 1ST
& 2ND IRRIGATION)
FERTILIZER
IRRIGATION
4-6 IRRIGATIONS
19 ACRE INCHES
TILLERING
BOOTING
EARING
MILKY
GRAIN FORMATION STAGE
PLANT PROTECTION MEASURE
WEEDS
INSECT PESTS
DISEASES
VARIETIES (PUNJAB)
IRRIGATEDMILLAT 2011
PUNJAB 2011
AAS
AARI 2011
FAISALABAD 2008
LASANI 2008
RAINFEDNARC 2011
NARC 2009
BARS 2009
CHAKWAL 50
VARIETIES (SINDH)
IRRIGATEDSARSABAZ
NIA SUNAHRI
NIA AMBER
NIA SUNDAR
IMDAD 2005
MAHRAN 89
VARIETIES (KPK)
PIR SABAQ 2008
SAHAR 2006
FAKHAR-E-KHABER PAKHTUN KHWA
ATA HABIB
AMIN 2010
BARSAT
KOHAT 2010
VARIETIES (BALUCHISTAN)
ZARGOON
ZARDANA
INQALAB 91
ZARLASHTA
RASKOH 2005
LASANI 2008
SAHAR 2006