Post on 14-Jan-2016
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453 History of English
Chapter 1
Whaddya Think?
How old is language? How did it develop?
Issues with origination theories?
Duality of patterning
Meaningful Vocabulary (AKA Lexis // Lexicon) Grammatical System (AKA
Morphosyntax) Meaningless
Sound System (AKA Phonology)
Systematicness of Language
Phonology
Syntax
Lexis
Predictable
Unpredictable
Grammatical Signals Part of speech
Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, etc. Affix
Prefix, suffix Inflectional, derivational Agreement Word order Function words Prosodic signals
Pitch, stress, tone, tempo…
Whaddya Think?
Which denote “good” English? Pure, correct, aesthetic, commonly
used, prestigious, literary, appropriate…
Morphemes
Smallest linguistic sign Bound Free Allomorphs Base + affix Compound Idiom (AKA phrasal verb)
Allomorph: The Plural Suffix
Orthography: -s or -es Phonetic: [-s], [-z] or [-z] Sort the following phonetically:
Ace, almanac, bag, book, burlesque. Church, cough, cup, dish, dress, fall, graph, hat, house, hunch, judge, lad, lash, lathe, maze, moor, myth, oaf, pillow, room, tax, thing, train, wisp
Distinguishable Pairs? Red eye
Cheap Whiskey Long shot
A kind of bet Big head
Conceited
Red eye Bloodshot eye
Long shot Great shot-put
effort Big head
Large skull
How about these? New Jersey
The state Old maid
Spinster Little woman
Wife Long Island
The place
New jersey Just bought blouse
Old maid Elderly servant
Little woman Small female
Long island Any elongated isle
Any difference between this slide’s pairs and the last set?
Speech vs. Orthography Did he believe Caesar could see the
people seize the seas? Did he believe Caesar could see the
people seize the seas? Did he believe Caesar could see the
people seize the seas?
Now you try: The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine
Oral Ambiguity? He came to. He came too.
She found a pear. She found a pair.
The math department is teaching plane geometry The math department is teaching plain geometry
The directions read: “Leave address with her” The directions read: “Leave a dress with her”
Speech & Writing “Speech is primary & writing
secondary”
Write it down… Translation ≠ Transliteration
Homonyms: a lot alike Homophones Homographs
Language Change
Systematic Associative Social
Language Variation
Diachronic Synchronic
Dialect Idiolect Register
On Linguistic Corruption… Prescriptive vs. descriptive Acceptability
Periods of English Old English
450 – 1100 Beowulf
Middle English 1100-1500 Chaucer
Modern English 1500 – Present Shakespeare
Exercises
Interesting Stuff
Say it this way… “He’s a very enthusiastic person”
Just the fact… I like him. His enthusiasm is great. I don’t like him. His enthusiasm is annoying. I am reluctant to describe him. I mean him, not her. I’m asking you, not telling you. Is that what you said? I don’t think so. Enthusiasm is the only good thing about
him.
Ambiguity
Old men and women abandon ship first
They went by the old highway He painted the picture in the hall The girl asked him to leave quietly She gave him an order to leave
Discussion Questions
What is the function of a dictionary?
Misconceptions & errors about language?
Is thought ‘unexpressed language” or not?
Workbook Exercises 1.5 The Sound System 1-3 1.7 Noun Classes All 1.8 Function Words All 1.10 Related Sentences #1: All
#2 – 5: two each 1.11 Morphemes All 1.12 Different Systems All 1.13 Echoic Words All 1.14 Language Change 1-7 1.16 Usage & the Dictionary #2: All 1.18 Using the OED 1-6