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4.30.13
•Journals – Review Quiz 9
•Take out your Homework (Cold War Sheet) to be checked
THE COLD WAR
Unit EQ – What were the causes, main events, & effects of the Cold War and how did it affect American culture in the 1950s?
The “Iron Curtain” – Winston Churchill
The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union
EasternEuropeanCountries
Stay independent;support nations thatresist communism
Under control of Stalin
Truman Doctrine:Aid nations fightingagainst communism
Satellite states;nations are independent
but under control of USSR
Goal Goal
Term Term
The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union
Communismand itsspread Stop spread
of communism
Spread communismbeyond
Eastern Europe
Containment:keep communism
containedwithin its
existing borders
Goal Goal
Term
The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union
WesternEuropeanCountries
Aid Europeannations & help reduce
famine and poverty
Capture WestBerlin by closing all
highways, railways, &waterway traffic
Marshall Plan:offered aid to W European
nations after WWII
Goal Goal
Term
Berlin Airlift:US/British planes airlifted
supplies to West Berlinduring Soviet blockade
Term
Marshall Plan (1948)
• a.k.a. European Recovery Program
• American program to give economic support to help rebuild Europe after WWII
The Cold War BeginsClue United States Soviet Union
MilitaryAlliances
Form militaryalliance to counterSoviet expansion
Form allianceof communist nations for
protection if attacked
NATO:collective security
againstcommunist attack
Goal Goal
TermWarsaw Pact:
USSR & satellite states, defend
each otherif attacked
Term
Defense Alliances
NATO (1949)
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Original members:• US, United Kingdom,
France, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal
WARSAW PACT (1955)
•Member countries:•USSR, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Albania
Blue – NATO
Red - Warsaw
Primary Source Activity• Complete individually!
5.1.13 – Happy 1st day of May!
•Come in, take a seat, and BE QUIET!
•Take out something to write with
• Class intro: Crash course to the Cold War – Play until 5:15
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=39&safe=active
Berlin Wall Art Berlin Wall Art • Create a piece of artwork to put on Our “Berlin” Wall
• It must have your name on the top left corner of your half sheet (can be horizontal or vertical)
• It must be APPROPRIATE – no profanity or inappropriate pictures, jokes, etc.• Let your artwork be a STATEMENT about YOU or YOUR
BELIEFS/INTERESTS
• This is a grade, and it will be added to the Wall
The Wall: A World Divided
• Answer the questions as you watch the documentary
• The documentary will go beyond our time period, through the end of the Cold War (early 1990s)
5.2.13
• - Journal – Review Quiz 10
• - Take out your Berlin Wall Art to be checked
• - Crash Course – 5:15 until 8:15 (after 3rd world)
THE EXPANDING COLD WAR
EQ – What methods did the U.S. use in its global struggle against the Soviet Union?
The Arms Race
•September 2, 1949: Soviet Union set off an atomic bomb•US is no longer the lone world nuclear power
•This set off an arms race between the United States & Soviet Union…•US and Soviet Union compete to make & build up more powerful weapons
America’s solution• http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=IKqXu-5jw60
DUCK and COVER – Duh!
This seems RIDICULOUS, by why do you think the government created this initiative?
• Both nations stockpiled nuclear warheads, leading to the idea of Mutually assured destruction…• Both nations have weapons so powerful that they could destroy each other, thereby preventing each other from attacking
• Stalin died in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev takes power
• Khrushchev & Eisenhower slowly move toward a “peaceful co-existence”
• Congress creates the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947
• The CIA is an intelligence-gathering organization that worked to protect American interests abroad
Eisenhower did respond to growing Soviet influence in the Middle East with the Eisenhower Doctrine…
•The US will use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism
The Cold War spreads to outer space•Americans had believed US technology was superior to the Soviets•However, in 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, a small satellite sent to space;
In response, the US established NASA…•Organization to coordinate space-related efforts of American scientists and the military
The Korean War
Think – Pair – Share
•Think back to the North Korea Documentary.
• (1) Why was there a conflict between North and South Korea?
• (2) Why did the U.S. get involved?• (3) What was the result of the War?
Korean War in a nutshell…
Why is the US even getting involved?
CONTAINMENT!
•Korea ruled by Japan from 1920 until Japan surrenders in WWII in 1945
• America divides Korea along 38th parallel (Potsdam Conference):
• US occupies South• USSR occupies North (under leadership of Kim Il-sung)
Korean War… in a NutshellJune 1950 – July 1953
•North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) supported by China and the Soviet Union
•South Korea (Republic of Korea) supported by the UN
Vs.
Let’s let the Internet teach us…
• http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/truman-orders-us-forces-to-korea
Counterattack atInchon
Death toll for the Korean War:-Over 36,000 Americans-Over 600,000 Chinese-Over 2 million Korean soldiersand civilians
Luxembourg - 7
Norway (noncombat role)
South Africa - 20
United States – 37,000
New Zealand - 31
Philippines - 92
South Korea – 137,899
Sweden (noncombat role)
Thailand - 136
Turkey - 721
United Kingdom – 1,078
United Nations - 932,964 troops served
Netherlands - 116Australia - 339
Belgium - 97
Canada - 516
Colombia - 146
Denmark (noncombat role)
Ethiopia - 122
France - 287
Greece - 194
India (noncombat role)
Italy (noncombat role)
United Nations Forces in Korea: (Nation – Number Killed in Action)
Troops patrol the DMZ
5.2.13
•When you come in, take out your homework (1950s Culture Reading)
•Check the sheets for your seat!
The Space Race• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RMINSD7MmT4&safe=active
•EQ: How did America get to this point?
Space Race Jigsaw• We will complete Doc. #1 together• You will have 5-10 minutes per document with your group to answer the questions
THE COLD WAR AT HOME
EQ – How did fear of domestic communismaffect American society during the Cold War?
What was the Red Scare?Fear of communism;
fear that communists willdestroy American way of life
How did President Truman& America respond?
House Un-AmericanActivities Committee (HUAC)
Smith Act
Federal EmployeeLoyalty Program
Investigated possible communists,including the Hollywood Ten
and entertainment figures
Unlawful to advocate/teach theoverthrow of the US government;attempts to end Communist Party
Screening employees forpolitical disloyalty;
3,000 employees lost their jobs
Did the accusationsseem fair?
How were theyaffected?
Of what werethey accused?
Maybe, though theevidence was
based on the wordof one confessed spy
Sentenced to death Passing atomicsecrets to communists
Ethel & JuliusRosenberg
What was this andwho was responsible?
Why did it succeedat first?
Why did it eventuallyfall out of favor?
He was censured inthe Senate and the
public turned againsthim after the
Army-McCarthyHearings
Red Scare, peoplewere fearful ofcommunism,especially ingovernment
Wisconsin SenatorJoseph McCarthy
made recklessaccusations of
communist activity
McCarthyism
1950S CULTURE – FAMILY LIFE DURINGTHE COLD WAR
EQ – How did social and economic changes after WWII affect Americans?
Cold War Culture•Americans prepared for a nuclear attack•Families built underground bomb shelters
•Shelters had radiation suits, canned food and water, and medical kits
“Nuclear family”•Very traditional•Father – “breadwinner”•Mother – stays at home, homemaker
1950s Television•Families stay at home to watch T.V.•Reinforced the ideal “nuclear family” of the 1950s
1950s Rock-and-roll•Cultural revolution, symbol of youth culture•Elvis Presley•Controversy of rock culture
Levittowns
What do “Levittowns” reveal about America?
• Americans becoming conformed, no individualism
• The rise of SUBURBIA
Counterculture:•Beatniks: Writers and artists who criticized conformity and materialism•Jack Kerouac’s On the Road
Cold War Review – Political Cartoon Analysis
For each cartoon, complete the following:
1. List at least three terms or concepts we havelearned that are related or connected to the cartoon.
2. Write two-to-three sentences describingwhat is going on in the cartoon
3. Write two-to-three sentences explaining themessage of the cartoon(i.e. what is the cartoonist trying to say in the cartoon)
“Communism must not spread!”
What policy reflects this quote?
Containment
When a company is only allowed to hire workers who are
in a labor union:
Closed Shop
This law outlawed the closed shop and took power away from
labor unions
Taft-Hartley Act
Having such powerful weapons that both the US and USSR
would completely destroy each other if attacked
Mutually assured destruction
Truman’s domestic program (which was relatively
unsuccessful)
Fair Deal
Established three tiers of education
California Master Plan
Popular and controversial style of music during the 1950s
Rock-and-roll
As the US and USSR stockpiled weapons in competition with one another, this is called an:
Arms race
Law giving more money to states to encourage more
people to become scientists and science teachers
National Defense Education Act
The US will use force to assist any Middle Eastern nation
fighting against communism
Eisenhower Doctrine
Children were taught to do this to protect themselves from a
nuclear attack
Duck and cover