Post on 23-Feb-2016
description
4/2 Bell RingerClear every thing off your desk except something to write with!
4/3 Bell RingerHow can a nation increase
its prestige?
Imperialism
What is an empire?•Group of states under one ruler
Motive of Imperialism•Economic
▫Raw materials- needed rubber, petroleum, palm oil
▫Markets- New consumers that would want factory goods
Motives of Imperialism•Military/Political
▫Needed bases for coal & supplies▫Competition- felt colonies were necessary
for national security, increases prestige
Motives of Imperialism•Religious- duty to spread what Westerners
saw as blessings of Western civilization (Christianity, law, medicine)
Motives of Imperialism•Social Darwinism- applied Darwin’s
theory of survival of the fittest to human society▫Gave Europeans an argument to support
racial superiority
What allowed Imperialism?•Machine guns (other superior military
technology)•Medicine
▫Quinine- fights malaria
4/2 Bell RingerWho benefits from “new
imperialism”? How do they benefit?
Imperialism in Africa
Types of Imperialism•Direct (French)- sent in officials from
their countries to run the colonies•Indirect (British)- used sultans, chiefs,
local rulers•Protectorate- local rulers, but expected to
follow advice of European advisors•Sphere of influence- Area in which an
outside power claims exclusivity in investments or trading privileges
Scramble for Africa•Begins in the late 1800s•People spoke hundred of languages, had
various gov’t types•Explorers go into Africa, followed by
missionaries
David Livingstone•Explorer & missionary•Explored Africa, wrote about his
experiences•When people don’t hear from him, Henry
Stanley goes on a journey to find him•Henry Stanley (journalist) goes to find
him▫Meets him in Tanzania
King Leopold II & the Belgian Congo•Hires Henry Stanley to explore Congo &
arrange trading treaties•Other nations scramble to get various
claims (Scramble for Africa)•Exploits the riches•Brutalizes the villagers
Berlin Conference•Took place in Berlin, Germany 1884•Avoid violent conflict•Goal was to lay ground rules of
colonization•Attended by major European leaders, no
Africans were invited•Redraws the map of Africa
Boer War•1899-1902 British vs. Boers (descendants
of Dutch settlers)•War fought in South Africa over access to
diamonds•Britain wins, creates Union of South
Africa•Sets up new constitution
▫System of complete racial segregation
Ethiopia•Remain independent•Import latest weaponry & hires European
officers to train military•Italy invades
▫Ethiopia is prepared, so they are able to fight off the invaders
4/3 Bell RingerClear everything off of
your desk and have something (pen or
pencil) to write with.
4/4 Bell RingerWhat is your definition of
Imperialism?
What is Imperialism?•Process of forming an empire by creating
colonies•Domination by one country of the
political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.
•Europe has new economic & military strength
•1870s- Europe starts aggressive expansion “new imperialism”
India
Mughal Power Declines•Mughal dynasty’s power is collapsing•British East India Company has trading
rights on the edge of the Mughal dynasty•As Mughal power decreases, East India
Company’s power increases▫By mid 1800’s it controls 3/5 of India
British East India Company•Goal is to make as much money as
possible•Encourage disunity and competition•Force sepoys (Indian soldiers) to serve in
military▫New rifles issued cause MAJOR problems
Leading up to the Sepoy Rebellion•To load the new rifles they had to bite off
the end•Cartridges were greased with animal fat
(either cow or pigs)•Cow was considered sacred by Hindus
and Muslims are forbidden to consume pigs
•Troops refuse to load rifles, they are imprisoned
Sepoy Rebellion•Sepoys rise against British officers•British eventually crush the revolt and
take revenge•Rebellion leaves both sides not trusting
the other
Britain suppresses India•Parliament ends the rule of the East India
Company and takes direct control of India•Sends more troops to India (and taxes
them for it)•Modernize India for their own reasons
(markets, raw materials)•Influence accidentally bring nationalism
4/7 Bell RingerHow do you usually study for your exams? Do you think it is
effective? Why or why not?
How can you improve?
China
Qing Dynasty•Qing dynasty had power of China
Opium Wars•Britain starts trading with China
▫Opium for tea•Lots of people become addicted to opium
▫Creates economic problems•Chinese outlaw opium, seize the drug
▫Ask Britain to stop the trade•Britain fights for the right to trade•Britain wins due to superior military
technology
Treaty of Nanjing•1842 Ends the Opium Wars•VERY unfair to the Chinese•Opens China to more trading (opium
trade continues)•British get Hong Kong (and lots of $$$)
Sino-Japanese war•China is behind in industrialization•Japan and Western powers are still
modernizing quickly▫Japan starts to want more land
•Pressure on China from Japan leads to war▫Japan gains the island of Taiwan
•China’s defeat shows weakness
Taiping Rebellion•Qing dynasty is declining•Peasants rebel (1850-1864)
▫Call for an end to Qing dynasty•Rebellion is eventually crushed by the
government
Open Door Policy•British and French carve spheres of
influence along Chinese coast•U.S. did not take any spheres of influence,
feared they would be shut out of trade•Call for Open Door Policy- Policy to keep
Chinese trade open for everyone ▫Major silk trade
Boxer Rebellion•Anti-foreign rule and influence explodes•1899 Chinese form secret society
(Righteous Harmonious Fists)▫Attack foreigners in attempt to drive them
out of China•China is unsuccessful at driving out
foreign influence, but the rebellion causes nationalism to spread