8. Insurance services (P&I)

10. Container terminal operators

9. Seafarers

6. Financing

7. Classification

1. Building

5. Scrapping

2. Owning

3. Registration

4. Operation

4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"

Financial and other services:

UK, Scandinavia

8. Insurance services (P&I)

10. Container terminal operators

9. Seafarers

6. Financing

7. Classification

1. Building

5. Scrapping

2. Owning

3. Registration

4. Operation

4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"

Philippines, Indonesia, …

8. Insurance services (P&I)

10. Container terminal operators

9. Seafarers

6. Financing

7. Classification

1. Building

5. Scrapping

2. Owning

3. Registration

4. Operation

4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"

Hong Kong, Netherlands,

Singapore, UAE: ~ 30%

UNCTAD Maritime Country Profiles

stats.unctad.org/MARITIME

Greece

India

Liberia

Republic of Korea

Viet Nam

UNCTAD Maritime Country Profiles

stats.unctad.org/MARITIME

8. Insurance services (P&I)

10. Container terminal operators

9. Seafarers

6. Financing

7. Classification

1. Building

5. Scrapping

2. Owning

3. Registration

4. Operation

4: Globalized production of "maritime transport"

5: Industry consolidation (the other side of the same coin)

►As countries specialize…

►Industry

sees a process of concentration

5 (cont.): Ships keep growing

►MSC, China Shipping: Container ships 20 000+TEU

►Vale: Dry bulk 402 347 dwt

►Wilhelm Wilhelmsen: ro-ro 265 m

6: Global networks

http://www.mscgva.ch/about_us/routes.html

Networking

Out of 162 x 161 pairs of countries:

How many are connected by direct services?

Source: UNCTAD, based on data from Containerization International

Demand

Supply

► Markets

► The Future

Demand

Supply

► Markets

► The Future

7: Liberalized markets

► Less cargo reservation

► Fewer liner conferences (cartels)

► More private sector participation

8: (somewhat) lower freight costs

UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport 2011

Freight costs in % of goods’ value

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Developing Africa 12.3 12.1 10.6

Developing Oceania 11.6 12.0 9.5

Developing America 8.3 8.3 8.2

Developing Asia 8.9 8.4 7.4

Developed economies 7.4 7.3 6.4

1980s 1990s 2000s