Post on 03-Apr-2018
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2009 Renewable Energy Data Bo
AUGUST 2Energy Efficiency &
Renewable Energy
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Acknowledgments
This report was produced by Rachel Gelman, edited by Michelle Kubik, and
designed by Stacy Buchanan of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL). We greatly appreciate the input of Mike Cliggett and Carla Frisch
of the U.S. Department of Energy; as well as Lynn Billman, Helena Chum,
Dale Gardner, Maureen Hand, Roland Hulstrom, and Jordan Macknick of NREL.
Front page background photo: Courtesy of NASA
Front page inset photos (left to right): One through six, and eight iStock; seven PIX 17854
Pages 2, 6, 42, 56, 66, 74, 80, 86, 90, 98, 110, 118: iStockPage 16: PIX 14369
Page 94: PIX 17854
2010 U.S. Department of Energy
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Key Findings
Although renewable energy (excluding hydropower) is a relatively small portion o total energy
supply both globally and in the United States, the installed renewable energy capacity in boththe world and in the United States has more than tripled between 2000 and 2009.
Including hydropower, renewable energy represents nearly 12% o total installedcapacity and more than 10% o total generation in the United States in 2009.
Installed renewable energy capacity (including hydropower) is more than 130 gigawatts (GW).Not including hydropower, 2009 renewable electricity installed capacity has reached
about 53 GW in the United States.
In the United States, growth in sectors such as wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) signiy anongoing shit in the composition o the nation's electricity supply. In 2009, cumulative wind
capacity increased by 39% and cumulative solar PV capacity grew nearly 52% rom
the previous year.
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Key Findings, continued
Worldwide, wind energy is the astest growing renewable energy technology between
2000 and 2009, wind energy generation worldwide increased by a actor oalmost 9. The United States experienced even more dramatic growth, as installed wind
energy capacity increased by a actor o 14 between 2000 and 2009.
In the United States, renewable energy has been capturing a growing percent o newcapacity additions during the past ew years. In 2009, renewable energy accounted
or more than 55% o all new electrical capacity installations in the UnitedStatesa large contrast rom 2004 when all renewable energy captured only 2% o
new capacity additions.
Since 2006, the United States has been the worlds leading ethanol producer. Between2000 and 2009, production o corn ethanol increased by a actor o 6, and
biodiesel production increased by a actor o more than 100. Use o ethanol inthe United States has also grown substantially, and it accounts or 7.8% o the total U.S.
gasoline pool, up rom 1% in 2000.
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U.S. Energy Background Inormation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewable Electricity in the U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Global Renewable Energy Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geothermal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biopower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydropower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advanced Water Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrogen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Renewable Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clean Energy Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reerences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table o Contents
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I. U.S. Energy Background Inormation
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U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus7
Source: EIA; ull reerences are provided starting on p. 123.
Note: Because hydropower is considered a conventional source o energy,it is accounted or separate rom other new renewable sources o energy.Energy consumption is higher than energy production due to oil imports.
U.S. Energy Production and Consumption (2009)
11.3% Nuclear
3.6% Hydropower
7.0% Non-HydroRenewables
29.7% Coal
33.0%
Natural Gas 15.3% Crude Oil
U.S. Energy Production (2009): 73.5 Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Non-Hydro Renewable Energy Production:5.2 Quadrillion Btu
8.8% Nuclear
4.2%
Biom
ass
5.4%
Biom
ass
0.4%Geoth
erm
al
0.5%
Geoth
erm
al
0.1%
Sola
r
0.1%
Sola
r
0.7%
Win
d
0.9%
Win
d
2.8% Hydropower
5.4% Non-HydroRenewables
21.1% Coal
24.7%
Natural Gas
37.1% Petroleum
U.S. Energy Consumption (2009): 94.9 Quadrillion Btu
U.S. Non-Hydro Renewable Energy Consumption:5.1 Quadrillion Btu
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8 U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus
I
Source: EIA
* Includes natural gas plant liquids.
Note: Annual totals may not equal 100% due to rounding.
U.S. Energy Production by Energy Source (%) 20002009
Coal Natural Gas* Crude Oil Nuclear HydropowerNon-Hydro
RenewablesTotal Production(Quadrillion Btu)
2000 31.8% 31.2% 17.3% 11.0% 3.9% 4.8% 71.5
2001 32.8% 31.6% 17.1% 11.2% 3.1% 4.3% 71.9
2002 32.0% 31.0% 17.1% 11.5% 3.8% 4.5% 70.9
2003 31.4% 31.4% 17.1% 11.3% 4.0% 4.7% 70.3
2004 32.5% 30.6% 16.3% 11.7% 3.8% 5.1% 70.4
2005 33.3% 30.0% 15.7% 11.7% 3.9% 5.3% 69.6
2006 33.5% 30.1% 15.2% 11.6% 4.0% 5.5% 71.0
2007 32.8% 31.0% 15.0% 11.8% 3.4% 6.1% 71.7
2008 32.5% 31.7% 14.3% 11.5% 3.4% 6.7% 73.5
200929.7% 33.0% 15.3% 11.3% 3.6% 7.0%
73.4
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U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus9
U.S. Energy Consumption by Energy Source (%) 20002009
Source: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
Coal Natural Gas Petroleum Nuclear HydropowerNon-Hydro
RenewablesTotal Consumption(Quadrillion Btu)
2000 22.8% 24.1% 38.7% 7.9% 2.8% 3.5% 99.0
2001 22.8% 23.6% 39.7% 8.3% 2.3% 3.2% 96.3
2002 22.4% 24.1% 39.1% 8.3% 2.7% 3.3% 97.8
2003 22.7% 23.3% 39.5% 8.1% 2.9% 3.4% 98.2
2004 22.4% 22.9% 40.2% 8.2% 2.7% 3.6% 100.2
2005 22.7% 22.5% 40.2% 8.1% 2.7% 3.7% 100.4
2006 22.5% 22.3% 40.1% 8.2% 2.9% 4.0% 99.7
2007 22.4% 23.3% 39.2% 8.3% 2.4% 4.3% 101.6
2008 22.5% 23.9% 37.5% 8.5% 2.5% 4.9% 99.5
2009 21.1% 24.7% 37.1% 8.8% 2.8% 5.4% 94.9
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10 U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus
I
Source: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
Other includes: pumped storage, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch,purchased steam, sulur, tire-derived uels, and miscellaneous technologies.
* Includes on- and o-grid capacity.
U.S. Nameplate Capacity and Generation (2009)
9.4% Nuclear
6.9% Conv. Hydropower
4.7% Renewable Energy
30.3% Coal
41.4% Natural Gas
2.1% Other
5.5% Petroleum
U.S. Electric Nameplate Capacity (2009): 1,121 GW
1.1%
Biom
ass
0.3%
Geoth
erm
al
0.1%
PV*
3.1%
Win
d
U.S. Renewable Capacity: 53 GW
44.6% Coal
20.2% Nuclear
6.9% Conv. Hydropower
3.6% Renewable Energy0.4% Other
23.3% Natural Gas
1.0% Petroleum
U.S. Electric Net Generation (2009): 3,954 billion kWh
1.4%
Biom
ass
0.4%
Geoth
erm
al
0.1%
Sola
r
1.8%
Wind
U.S. Renewable Generation: 144 billion kWh
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U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus11Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
U.S. Electric-Generating Capacity by Source (%) 20002009
Coal Petroleum Natural GasOtherGases
Nuclear HydroRenew-ables
HydroPumpedStorage
OtherTotal
Capacity (GW)
2000 38.8% 7.9% 28.0% 0.3% 12.1% 8.9% 1.9% 2.2% 0.1% 867
2001 36.8% 8.0% 30.9% 0.2% 11.5% 8.4% 2.0% 2.1% 0.1% 914
2002 34.5% 6.8% 35.9% 0.2% 10.7% 7.9% 1.9% 2.0% 0.1% 980
2003 32.5% 6.5% 39.1% 0.2% 10.2% 7.5% 2.0% 1.9% 0.1% 1,032
2004 31.9% 6.2% 40.2% 0.2% 10.1% 7.3% 2.0% 1.9% 0.1% 1,050
2005 31.5% 6.1% 40.9% 0.2% 9.9% 7.2% 2.2% 1.8% 0.1% 1,068
2006 31.2% 6.0% 41.2% 0.2% 9.8% 7.2% 2.5% 1.8% 0.1% 1,076
2007 30.9% 5.7% 41.3% 0.2% 9.7% 7.1% 3.0% 1.9% 0.1% 1,088
2008 30.5% 5.6% 41.4% 0.2% 9.6% 7.0% 3.8% 1.8% 0.1% 1,102
2009 30.3% 5.5% 41.4% 0.2% 9.4% 6.9% 4.7% 1.8% 0.1% 1,121
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12 U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus
I
Source: EIA
Note: Electricity generation rom hydro pumped storage is negativebecause more electricity is consumed than generated by these plants.
U.S. Electricity Generation by Source (%) 20002009
CoalPetroleum
LiquidsPetroleum
CokeNatural
GasOtherGases
Nuclear HydroRenew-ables
HydroPumpedStorage
OtherTotal Generatio
(million kWh)
2000 51.7% 2.7% 0.2% 15.8% 0.4% 19.8% 7.2% 2.1% -0.1% 0.1% 3,802,521
2001 50.9% 3.1% 0.3% 17.1% 0.2% 20.6% 5.8% 1.9% -0.2% 0.3% 3,737,052
2002 50.1% 2.0% 0.4% 17.9% 0.3% 20.2% 6.8% 2.1% -0.2% 0.4% 3,858,919
2003 50.8% 2.6% 0.4% 16.7% 0.4% 19.7% 7.1% 2.1% -0.2% 0.4% 3,883,783
2004 49.8% 2.5% 0.5% 17.9% 0.4% 19.9% 6.8% 2.1% -0.2% 0.4% 3,970,782
2005 49.6% 2.5% 0.6% 18.8% 0.3% 19.3% 6.7% 2.2% -0.2% 0.3% 4,056,199
2006 49.0% 1.1% 0.5% 20.1% 0.3% 19.4% 7.1% 2.4% -0.2% 0.3% 4,065,762
2007 48.5% 1.2% 0.4% 21.6% 0.3% 19.4% 6.0% 2.6% -0.2% 0.3% 4,158,267
2008 48.2% 0.8% 0.3% 21.4% 0.3% 19.6% 6.2% 3.1% -0.2% 0.3% 4,121,184
2009 44.6% 0.7% 0.3% 23.3% 0.3% 20.2% 6.9% 3.6% -0.1% 0.3%3,953,898
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U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus13
* Current range o utility scale (greater than 5MW) PV in the U.S.
Sources: AEO, EPA, EPRI, NREL, McGowin, DeMeo et al.
Levelized Cost o Energy (LCOE) o Renewable Electricity by Technology (2
PV*
CSP
Bioma
ss
Geothe
rmal
Offsho
reWi
nd
Onsho
reWi
nd
La
rgeH
ydro
CentsperkWh
812
0
10
20
30
40
50
613 813
1843
1935
612 413
Assumptions
Currency: 2009 US $ (real)
Real Discount Rate: 10.5%
Ination Rate: 3%
Economic Lietime: 30 years
Taxes: none
Tax credits: noneDebt/Equity Financing: none
Biomass Fuel Costs: AEO 2009
PV Degradation: none
CSP Technology: no storage
Geothermal Technology: hydrother
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14 U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus
I
Sources: AEO, EPA, EPRI, NREL, McGowin, DeMeo et al.
Capacity Factor or Renewable Resources (2009)
100%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
80%
70%
90%
PV CSP
Bioma
ss
Geoth
ermal
O
ff-Sh
oreWind
O
n-Sh
oreWind
Large
Hyd
ro
8085%
8590%
4045%
2632%
3544%
4093%
2126%
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U.S. Energy Background Inormation | Augus15
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II. Renewable Electricity in the U.S.
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus17
Renewable Electricity in the U.S.: Summary
Since 2000, renewable electricity installations in the United States (excluding hydropower)
have more than tripled, and in 2009 represent 53 GW o installed capacity.
Renewable electricity (excluding hydropower) has grown at a compounded annual averageo 14% per year rom 20002009.
Although it is a growing part o U.S. energy supply, renewable electricity (excludinghydropower) in 2009 still represents a small percentage o overall installed electricity
capacity (4.7%) and generation (3.6%) in the United States.
Wind and solar PV are the astest growing renewable energy sectors. In 2009,wind capacity installations increased by 39% and solar PV grew nearly 52% rom
the previous year.
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S.: Summary, continued
In 2009, biomass produced about 38% o total renewable electricitygeneration (excluding hydropower).
Wind energy accounted or about 92% o annual installed renewableelectricity capacity in 2009 (excluding hydropower).
Electricity generation rom biomass, geothermal, and hydropower haveremained relatively stable since 2000.
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus19
Capacity and Generation: All Renewables (including hydropower)
Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
130,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
550,000
Million kWhMW
Nameplate Capacity
GenerationTotal Nameplate
Capacity (MW)
Total Gene
(Million
2000 93,437 356,8
2001 95,026 288,1
2002 95,908 343,9
2003 97,607 355,8
2004 98,352 351,7
2005 101,303 358,4
2006 104,299 386,8
2007 110,109 354,2
2008 119,927 382,8
2009 130,743 416,0
C it d G ti R bl ( l di h d )
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus
II
20Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
40,000 130,000
45,000 140,000
50,000 150,000
Million kWhMW
Nameplate Capacity
Generation
Total NameplateCapacity (MW)
Total Gene(Million k
2000 16,491 81,32
2001 18,115 71,172002 18,861 79,57
2003 20,587 80,08
2004 21,222 83,29
2005 23,949 88,10
2006 26,880 97,58
2007 32,677 106,7
2008 42,287 128,0
2009 53,081 143,8
Capacity and Generation: Renewables (excluding hydropower)
R bl El t i it G ti C it b S
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus21
Renewable Electricity Generating Capacity by Source(excluding hydropower)
Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
* Includes on- and o-grid capacity.
MW
20012000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200920080
11,000
22,000
33,000
44,000
55,000
Geothermal
Wind
CSP
PV*
Biomass
R bl El t i it N l t C it Add d (MW)
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22
Renewable Electricity Nameplate Capacity Added (MW)and Percent Annual Change rom Previous Year
Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
Solar PV CSP Wind Geothermal BiomassTotal Capacity Added
(w/o Hydropower)
% Annual Change in
Growth rom Previous Year
2000 18 0 66 59 (323) (180) - 128%
2001 27 0 1,697 0 (100) 1,624 + 1,002%
2002 44 0 411 0 291 746 - 54%
2003 70 0 1,667 0 (11) 1,726 + 131%
2004 86 0 372 0 177 635 - 63%
2005 112 0 2,396 30 189 2,727 + 329%
2006 142 1 2,454 3 331 2,931 + 7%
2007 205 64 5,237 106 185 5,797 + 98%
2008 335 0 8,425 104 747 9,611 + 66%
2009 571 12 9,922 46 242 10,793 + 12%
- annual decrease annual increase +
Rene able Electricit Nameplate Capacit (MW)
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus23
Renewable Electricity Nameplate Capacity (MW)and Percent Cumulative Increase rom Previous Year
Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
* Includes on- and o-grid capacity.
Hydro Solar PV* CSP Wind Geothermal BiomassTotal (withoutHydropower)
Total U.S.
2000
76,946
0%
85
26.9%
354
0%
2,578
2.6%
2,798
2.2%
10,676
2.6%
16,491
-1.1%
93,437
-0.3%
200176,911
0%112
31.7%354
0%4,275
65.8%2,798
0%10,576
0.9%18,115
9.8%95,0261.7%
200277,047
0.2%156
39.2%354
0%4,686
9.6%2,798
0%10,867
2.8%18,861
4.1%95,9080.9%
200377,020
0%226
44.8%354
0%6,353
35.6%2,798
0%10,856
0.1%20,587
9.1%97,607
1.8%
200477,130
0.1%312
38%354
0%6,725
5.9%2,798
0%11,033
1.6%21,222
3.1%98,3520.8%
2005 77,3540.3%
42435.8%
3540%
9,12135.6%
2,8281.1%
11,2221.7%
23,94912.8%
101,3033.0%
200677,419
0.1%566
33.4%355
0.3%11,575
26.9%2,831
0.1%11,553
2.9%26,880
12.2%104,299
3.0%
200777,432
0%771
36.2%419
18%16,812
45.2%2,937
3.7%11,738
1.6%32,677
21.6%110,1095.6%
200877,640
0.3%1,106
43.5%419
0%25,237
50.1%3,040
3.5%12,485
6.4%42,287
29.4%119,9278.9%
200977,662
0%
1,677
51.6%
431
2.9%
35,159
39.3%
3,087
1.5%
12,727
1.9%
53,081
25.5%
130,743
9.0%
- annual decrease annual increase +
Renewable Electricity Nameplate Capacity as a
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Renewable Electricity Nameplate Capacity as aPercent o Total Electricity Generating Capacity
Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
HydroSolar
PVCSP Wind Geothermal Biomass
Renewablesw/o Hydro
AllRenewables
2000 8.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 1.2% 1.9% 10.8%
2001 8.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.3% 1.2% 2.0% 10.4%
2002 7.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.3% 1.1% 1.9% 9.8%
2003 7.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.3% 1.1% 2.0% 9.5%
2004 7.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.3% 1.1% 2.0% 9.4%
2005 7.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.3% 1.1% 2.2% 9.5%
2006 7.2% 0.1% 0.0% 1.1% 0.3% 1.1% 2.5% 9.7%
2007 7.1% 0.1% 0.0% 1.5% 0.3% 1.1% 3.0% 10.1%
2008 7.0% 0.1% 0.0% 2.3% 0.3% 1.1% 3.8% 10.9%
2009 6.9% 0.1% 0.0% 3.1% 0.3% 1.1% 4.7% 11.7%
Annual Installed Renewable Electric Capacity Growth (excluding hydropo
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus25Sources: EIA, AWEA, SEIA, GEA
Annual Installed Renewable Electric Capacity Growth (excluding hydropo
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
MW
Capacity
0
2,200
4,400
6,600
8,800
11,000
Compounded AnnualGrowth Rate (CAGR)
(20002009)
Wind 33.7%
Solar PV 39.3%
CSP 2.2%
Biomass 2.0%
Geothermal 1.1%
Renewables(excl. Hydro)
13.9%
U S Renewable Electricity Generation (including hydropower)
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U.S. Renewable Electricity Generation(including hydropower)
Source: EIA
0
90,000
180,000
270,000
360,000
450,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Million kWh
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
Percent of
Total Generatio
Renewables as a %of total U.S. generation
Renewable Generation
U S Renewable Electricity Generation (excluding hydropower)
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U.S. Renewable Electricity Generation(excluding hydropower)
Source: EIA
Note: The generation decrease rom 2000 to 2001, in part, reectsan EIA classifcation change. Beginning with 2001 data, non-biogenicmunicipal solid waste (MSW) and tire-derived uels were reclassifed asnon-renewable energy sources (previously considered waste biopower).
0
29,000
58,000
87,000
116,000
145,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Million kWh
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
Percent of
Total Generation
Renewables as a %of total U.S. generation
Renewable Generation
U S Renewable Generation by Technology (excluding hydropower)
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28
U.S. Renewable Generation by Technology(excluding hydropower)
Source: EIA
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Million kWh
Biomass
Wind
Geothermal
Solar
Renewable Electricity as a Percent o Total Generation
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus29
Renewable Electricity as a Percent o Total Generation
Source: EIA
Hydro Solar Biomass Wind GeothermalRenewablesw/o Hydro
AllRenewables
2000 7.2% 0.0% 1.6% 0.1% 0.4% 2.1% 9.4%
2001 5.8% 0.0% 1.3% 0.2% 0.4% 1.9% 7.7%
2002 6.9% 0.0% 1.4% 0.3% 0.4% 2.1% 8.9%
2003 7.1% 0.0% 1.4% 0.3% 0.4% 2.1% 9.2%
2004 6.8% 0.0% 1.3% 0.4% 0.4% 2.1% 8.9%
2005 6.7% 0.0% 1.3% 0.4% 0.4% 2.2% 8.8%
2006 7.1% 0.0% 1.3% 0.7% 0.4% 2.4% 9.5%
2007 6.0% 0.1% 1.3% 0.8% 0.4% 2.6% 8.5%
2008 6.2% 0.1% 1.3% 1.3% 0.4% 3.1% 9.3%
2009 6.9% 0.1% 1.4% 1.8% 0.4% 3.6% 10.5%
Renewable Electricity Generation (Million kWh)
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30Sources: EIA
Renewable Electricity Generation (Million kWh)and Percent Cumulative Increase rom Previous Year
Hydropower Solar Wind Geothermal Biomass All RenewablesRenewables without
Hydropower
2000275,573
-13.8%
909
8.3%
5,593
24.6%
14,093
-5.0%
60,726
1.9%
356,894
-10.6%
81,321
2.0%
2001216,961
-21.3%952
4.7%6,737
20.5%13,741
-2.5%49,748
-18.1%288,139
19.3%71,178
-12.5%
2002264,329
21.8%1,021
7.3%10,354
53.7%14,491
5.5%53,709
8.0%343,90419.3%
79,575
11.8%
2003275,806
4.3%1,132
10.8%11,187
8.0%14,424
-0.5%53,340
-0.7%355,8893.5%
80,083
0.6%
2004268,417
-2.7%1,267
12%14,144
26.4%14,811
2.7%53,073
-0.5%351,712-1.2%
83,295
4.0%
2005 270,3210.7%
1,44413.9%
17,81125.9%
14,692-0.8%
54,1602.0%
358,4281.9%
88,1075.8%
2006289,246
7.0%1,670
15.7%26,589
49.3%14,568
-0.8%54,759
1.1%386,832
7.9%97,586
10.8%
2007247,510
-14.4%2,133
27.8%34,450
29.6%14,637
0.5%55,539
1.4%354,269-8.4%
106,759
9.4%
2008254,831
3.0%2,662
24.8%55,363
60.7%14,951
2.1%55,034
-0.9%382,841
8.1%128,010
19.9%
2009272,131
6.8%
3,588
34.8%
70,761
27.8%
15,210
1.7%
54,336
-1.3%
416,026
8.7%
143,895
12.4%
- annual decrease annual increase +
State Renewable Energy Inormation: Summary
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus31
State Renewable Energy Inormation: Summary
In 2008, Texas advanced over Caliornia as having the most renewable electricity(excluding hydropower) o any U.S. state, and continues to hold the lead in 2009.
Washington is the leader in installed renewable energy capacity whenincluding hydropower.
In 2008, Texas became the national leader in wind power development, and in
2009 has nearly 6 GW more wind capacity installed than Iowa, the state coming insecond place.
A combination o state incentives and renewable portolio standards orrenewable energy and renewable resource development has driven renewable
growth in some states.
Top States or Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity (200Top States or Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity (200
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32
Top States or Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity (200Top States or Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity (200
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC,SEIA, USDA
Total Renewables
(excluding hydropower)
Texas
Caliornia
Iowa
Oregon
Minnesota
Total Renewables
(including hydropower)
Washington
Caliornia
Oregon
Texas
New York
Per Capita Renewables
(excluding hydropower)
North Dakota
Wyoming
Vermont
Iowa
Oregon
Per Capita Renewables
(including hydropower)
Washington
North Dakota
Montana
Oregon
Wyoming
Top States or Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity (200
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus33Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC
Top States or Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity (200
Solar PV
Caliornia
New Jersey
Colorado
Arizona
Florida
Biomass
Caliornia
Florida
Maine
Virginia
Georgia
Geothermal
Caliornia
Nevada
Utah
Hawaii
Idaho
CSP
Caliornia
Nevada
Hawaii
Arizona
Wind
Texas
Iowa
Caliornia
Washington
Minnesota
Hydropower
Washington
Caliornia
Oregon
New York
Alabama
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (MW)
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II
34
e e ab es 009 s a ed a ep a e Capac y ( )
NORTHEAST
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC, USDA
* Does not include o-grid installations
Wind PV* CSP Geothermal Biomass Hydropower TotalRenewables(incl. hydro)
Per capita RE(excl. hydro)watts/person
New York 1,274 33.9 0 0 367 4,654 6,392 86
Pennsylvania 748 7.3 0 0 26 775 1,557 62
Maine 175 0.3 0 0 157 722 1,054 252
Massachusetts 15 17.7 0 0 430 272 734 70
New Hampshire 26 0 .7 0 0 242 445 714 203
Vermont 6 1.7 0 0 759 309 1,075 1,233
Connecticut 0 19.7 0 0 221 119 359 68
New Jersey 8 127.5 0 0 7 13 155 16
Rhode Island 1 0.6 0 0 270 4 276 258
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (excluding hydropowe
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus35
p p y ( g y p
NORTHEAST
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
1,800
Connecticut
Maine
Ne
wHampshire
NewJersey
NewYork
Pennsylvania
RhodeIsland
Vermont
M
assachusetts
MW
Geothermal
Wind
CSP
PV
Biomass
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (MW)
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II
36
p p y ( )
MIDWEST
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC, USDA
* Does not include o-grid installations
Wind PV* CSP Geothermal Biomass HydropowerTotal
Renewables
(incl. hydro)
Per capita RE(excl. hydro)
watts/person
South Dakota 313 0.0 0 0 175 1,598 2,087 601
Minnesota 1,809 1.9 0 0 223 186 2,220 386
Iowa 3,670 0.0 0 0 0 131 3,801 1,220
Wisconsin 449 5.3 0 0 0 506 960 80
North Dakota 1,203 0.0 0 0 140 614 1,956 2,075
Michigan 143 0.7 0 0 445 374 963 59
Missouri 309 0.2 0 0 17 499 825 54
Nebraska 153 0.0 0 0 0 327 479 85
Kansas 1,014 0.0 0 0 110 3 1,126 399
Illinois 1,547 4.5 0 0 43 38 1,632 123
Ohio 7 2.0 0 0 90 128 228 9
Indiana 1,036 0.3 0 0 15 92 1,143 164
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (excluding hydropowe
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus37
p p y ( g y p
MIDWEST
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC
Illino
is
Indian
aIow
a
Kans
as
Michiga
n
Minn
esota
Missouri
Nebr
aska
Ohio
Wiscon
sin
North
Dak
ota
South
Dak
ota0
800
1,600
2,400
3,200
4,000
MW
Geothermal
Wind
CSP
PV
Biomass
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (MW)
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus
II
38
SOUTH
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC, USDA
* Does not include o-grid installations
Wind PV* CSP Geothermal Biomass HydropowerTotal
Renewables(incl. hydro)
Per capita RE(excl. hydro)watts/person
Alabama 0 0.2 0 0 622 3,280 3,902 132
Texas 9,410 8.6 0 0 10 672 10,100 380
Tennessee 29 0.9 0 0 300 2,418 2,748 52
Georgia 0 0.2 0 0 210 1,932 2,142 21
North Carolina 0 12.5 0 0 10 1,828 1,850 2
Arkansas 0 0.2 0 0 374 1,309 1,683 130
South Carolina 0 0.1 0 0 0 1,363 1,363 0
Virginia 0 0.8 0 0 410 744 1,154 52Oklahoma 1,130 0.0 0 0 363 790 2,282 405
Florida 0 38.9 0 0 711 56 806 40
Kentucky 0 0.0 0 0 426 777 1,203 99
Maryland 0 6.1 0 0 375 527 908 67
Louisiana 0 0.2 0 0 768 192 960 171
Mississippi 0 0.1 0 0 8 0 8 3
West Virginia 330 0.0 0 0 321 325 976 358
Delaware 0 3.2 0 0 7 0 10 12
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (excluding hydropowe
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus39
SOUTH
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC
Alaba
ma
Arka
nsas
Delaw
are
Florid
a
Georg
ia
Kentu
cky
Louis
iana
Maryl
and
Miss
issipp
i
Nort
hCaro
lina
Oklah
oma
Sou
thCa
rolina
Tenn
esse
eTe
xas
Virgin
ia
West
Virgin
ia0
1,900
3,800
5,700
7,600
9,500
MW
Geothermal
Wind
CSP
PV
Biomass
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (MW)
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus
II
40
WEST
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC, USDA
* Does not include o-grid installations
Wind PV* CSP Geothermal Biomass HydropowerTotal
Renewables
(incl. hydro)
Per capita RE(excl. hydro)
watts/person
Washington 1,980 5.2 0 0.0 0 20,807 22,792 298
Caliornia 2,794 768.0 364 2,565.5 1,271 10,032 17,794 210
Oregon 1,758 14.0 0 0.3 564 8,240 10,577 611
Arizona 63 46.2 1 0.0 40 2,718 2,868 23
Idaho 147 0.2 0 15.8 161 2,516 2,839 209
Montana 375 0.7 0 0.0 11 2,548 2,935 397
Nevada 0 36.4 64 426.8 191 1,047 1,765 272
Colorado 1,246 59.1 0 0.0 18 649 1,972 263
New Mexico 597 2.4 0 0.2 449 87 1,136 522
Wyoming 1,101 0.1 0 0.3 0 299 1,400 2,024
Alaska 8 0.0 0 0.7 0 414 423 12
Utah 223 0.6 0 42.0 88 262 616 127
Hawaii 63 26.2 2 35.0 126 25 277 195
Renewables 2009 Installed Nameplate Capacity (excluding hydropowe
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Renewable Electricity in the U.S. | Augus41
WEST
Sources: EIA, AWEA, GEA, Larry Sherwood/IREC
Alask
a
Arizo
na
Califo
rnia
Color
ado
Hawa
iiIda
ho
Monta
na
Neva
da
New
Mexic
o
Oreg
onUt
ah
Wash
ington
Wyom
ing0
1,600
3,200
4,800
6,400
8,000
MW
Geothermal
Wind
CSP
PV
Biomass
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III. Global Renewable Energy Development
Global Renewable Energy Development: Summary
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus43
Global renewable electricity installations (excluding hydropower) have more than tripledrom 20002009.
Including hydropower, renewable energy accounts or 21% o all global electricity generation;without hydropower, renewable energy accounts or 3.8% o global generation.
Wind and solar energy are the astest growing renewable energy technologies worldwide.Wind and solar PV generation grew by a actor o more than 14 between 2000 and 2009.
In 2009, Germany led the world in cumulative solar PV installed capacity. The United Statesleads the world in wind, geothermal, biomass, and CSP installed capacity.
Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide (including hydropower)
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus
III
44Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
GW
2006 2007 2008 2009
Geothermal
Wind
CSP
PV
Hydropower
Biomass
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Renewable Electricity Generating Capacity Worldwide( l di h d )
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus45
*Grid-tied capacity.
Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
GW
2006 2007 2008 2009
Geothermal
Wind
CSP
PV*
Biomass
0
50
100
150
200
250
(excluding hydropower)
World Renewable Cumulative Electricity CapacityP t I th P i Y
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus
III
46Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
Percent Increase rom the Previous Year
Hydro Solar PV CSP Wind Geothermal BiomassRenewableswithout Hydro
AllRenewables
2000 0% 22% 0% 31% 0% 6% 11% 1%
2001 5% 29% 0% 33% 0% 8% 15% 6%
2002 2% 33% 0% 29% 2% 0% 11% 3%
2003 9% 25% 0% 29% 9% -3% 11% 9%
2004 1% 33% 0% 20% 0% 0% 10% 1%
2005 2% 38% 0% 23% 4% 13% 18% 4%
2006 2% 32% 0% 25% 3% 7% 17% 4%
2007 9% 5% 5% 27% 0% 6% 17% 10%
2008 4% 71% 14% 29% 4% 4% 22% 6%
2009 4% 62% 22% 31% 7% 4% 25% 7%
- annual decrease annual increase +
Renewables as a Percent o TotalInstalled Nameplate Capacity Worldwide
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus47Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
Installed Nameplate Capacity Worldwide
Hydro Solar PV CSP Wind Geothermal BiomassAll
Renewables
Renewableswithout
Hydropower
RenewableCapacity without
Hydropower (GW)
2000 19.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 0.2% 1.1% 21.7% 1.9% 65
2001 20.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.7% 0.2% 1.1% 22.2% 2.1% 74
2002 19.8% 0.1% 0.0% 0.9% 0.2% 1.1% 22.0% 2.2% 82
2003 20.8% 0.1% 0.0% 1.1% 0.2% 1.0% 23.2% 2.4% 91
2004 20.2% 0.1% 0.0% 1.2% 0.2% 1.0% 22.8% 2.5% 100
2005 19.9% 0.1% 0.0% 1.4% 0.2% 1.1% 22.8% 2.9% 118
2006 19.6% 0.2% 0.0% 1.7% 0.2% 1.1% 22.8% 3.2% 138
2007 20.6% 0.2% 0.0% 2.1% 0.2% 1.1% 24.2% 3.7% 162
2008 20.6% 0.3% 0.0% 2.6% 0.2% 1.1% 24.9% 4.3% 197
2009 20.6% 0.4% 0.0% 3.3% 0.2% 1.1% 25.7% 5.1% 245
Renewables Share o Total Electricity Capacity Worldwide
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus
III
48Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Renewables Excluding Hydropower
All Renewables
Annual Installed Renewable Electricity Growth Worldwide(excluding hydropower)
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus49Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
(excluding hydropower)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
GW
0
5
10
15
20
25
Capacity
Compounded AnnuGrowth Rate (CAGR
(20002009)
Wind 27.3%
Solar PV 35.1%
CSP 4.3%
Geothermal 3.3%
Biomass 4.3%
Renewables(excl. Hydro)
15.9%
Worldwide Renewable Electricity Generation (including hydropower)
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus
III
50
Generation derived using capacity actors o 14% or PV, 30% or wind,70% or geothermal, 54% or biomass, 25% or CSP, and 41% or hydro.
Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
MillionkWh
PercentofTotalGen
eration
Renewables as a %
of Total Generation
Renewable
Generation
0
900,000
1,800,000
2,700,000
3,600,000
4,500,000
0
5
10
15
20
25
Renewable Electricity Generation Worldwide (excluding hydropower)
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus51
Generation derived using capacity actors o 14% or PV, 30% o wind,70% or geothermal, 54% or biomass, 25% or CSP, and 41% or hydro.
Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
Renewables as a %
of Total Generation
Renewable
Generation
MillionkWh
PercentofTotalGen
eration
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
0
160,000
320,000
480,000
640,000
800,000
0.0%
0.8%
1.6%
2.4%
3.2%
4.0%
Renewable Electricity Generation Worldwide by Technology (2000200
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus
III
52
Generation derived using capacity actors o 14% or PV, 30% o wind,70% or geothermal, 54% or biomass, 25% or CSP, and 41% or hydro.
Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
MillionkWh
Geothermal
Solar
Wind
Biomass
0
90,000
180,000
270,000
360,000
450,000
Worldwide Renewable Electricity Generationas a Percent o Total Generation
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus53Sources: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA, EIA
as a Percent o Total Generation
Hydro Solar PV Biomass Wind GeothermalAll
Renewables
Renewableswithout
Hydropower
Renewable Generationwithout Hydropower
(million kWh)
2000 16.8% 0.0% 1.2% 0.3% 0.3% 18.7% 1.9% 274,019
2001 17.3% 0.0% 1.3% 0.4% 0.3% 19.3% 2.1% 304,469
2002 17.1% 0.0% 1.2% 0.5% 0.3% 19.2% 2.1% 324,827
2003 18.0% 0.0% 1.2% 0.7% 0.3% 20.2% 2.2% 348,777
2004 17.3% 0.0% 1.1% 0.8% 0.3% 19.5% 2.2% 371,028
2005 16.9% 0.0% 1.2% 0.9% 0.3% 19.4% 2.5% 427,880
2006 16.7% 0.1% 1.2% 1.1% 0.3% 19.4% 2.7% 485,477
2007 17.4% 0.1% 1.3% 1.3% 0.3% 20.4% 2.9% 552,703
2008 17.4% 0.1% 1.3% 1.6% 0.3% 20.7% 3.3% 642,327
2009 17.4% 0.1% 1.3% 2.1% 0.3% 21.2% 3.8% 766,333
Top Countries with Installed Renewable Electricity
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus
III
54
Sources: REN21
* Majority o Chinas renewable energy is rom small hydropower.
Total Renewables (2009)
China*
U.S.
Brazil
Canada
Japan
Top Countries with Installed Renewable Electricity by Technology (2009
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Global Renewable Energy Development | Augus55Source: REN21, GWEC, GEA, SEIA
Solar PV
Germany
Spain
Japan
U.S. Italy
Biomass
U.S.
Brazil
Germany
China Sweden
Geothermal
U.S.
Philippines
Indonesia
Mexico Italy
CSP
U.S.
Spain
Wind
U.S.
China
Germany
Spain India
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IV. Wind
Wind: Summary
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Wind | August57
In the United States, installed wind energy capacity increased almost 14 timesbetween 2000 and 2009.
In the United States, wind experienced record growth in 2009 and nearly 10 GW onew capacity was added. Texas led the United States in wind installations in 2009,
installing more than 2,292 MW o wind capacity.
The cumulative capacity-weighted average price o wind power, including the productiontax credit, was about 4.4 cents per kilowatt hour in 2009a price that competes
with ossil uel-generated electricity.
In 2009, China surpassed the United States as the world leader in annual installed windcapacity, with more than 13.8 GW added.
U.S. Total Installed Wind Energy Nameplate Capacity and Generation
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Wind | August
IV
58Sources: AWEA, EIA
0
15,000
30,000
45,000
60,000
75,000
0
6,000
12,000
18,000
24,000
30,000
36,000
Million kWhMW
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
U.S. Wind Capacity
Generation
2009
U.S. Wind Energy
Generation(Million kWh)
U.S. Wind Energy Capacity
and Percent Increaserom Previous Year
Total (MW) % Increase
2000 5,593 2,578 2.6%
2001 6,737 4,275 65.8%
2002 10,354 4,686 9.6%
2003 11,187 6,353 35.6%
2004 14,144 6,725 5.9%2005 17,811 9,121 35.6%
2006 26,589 11,575 26.9%
2007 34,450 16,812 45.2%
2008 55,363 25,237 50.1%
2009 70,761 35,159 39.3%
U.S. Wind Power Sales Price
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Wind | August59
Sources: AWEA, LBNL
Note: Prices reect cumulative capacity-weighted average windpower prices and include state and ederal incentives in the price.
The recent increase in wind power price is due to increaseddemand or turbines coupled with global increases in prices orsteel, cement, copper, and other commodity materials.
0
6,000
12,000
18,000
24,000
30,000
36,000
2009 $/kWhMW
20001999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
U.S. Wind Capacity$0.00
$0.01
$0.02
$0.03
$0.04
$0.05
$0.06
$0.07
Capacity-weightedAverage Wind Power Price
2009
Wind Energy Capacity (2009) Select Countries
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Wind | August
IV
60Sources: GWEC, AWEA
MW
Portu
gal
Fran
ceU.K.
Italy
China
Denm
ark India U.
S.Sp
ain
Germ
any
0
6,000
12,000
18,000
24,000
30,000
36,000
China: 25,853 MW
India: 10,827 MW
Spain: 18,784 MW
Portugal: 3,474 MW
U.S.: 35,159 MW
U.K.: 4,340 MW
France: 4,775 MW
Denmark: 3,408 MW
Italy: 4,845 MW
Germany: 25,813 MW
Turbine Manuacturing
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Wind | August61Source: REN21, AWEA, LBNL
13% Vestas (DK)
Gamesa (ES) 7%
Dongang 7%
7%
Goldwind
9% Sinovel
12% GE Wind (US)
9%Enercon (GE)
Suzlon (Ind.) 6%
Siemens 6%
RePower 3%
Others 21%
Global Wind TurbineMarket Share 2009
Total Turbine Installations: 38 GW
15%
Vestas (DKGamesa (ES) 6.0%
40.3%
GE Wind (US)
7.1%
Suzlon (Ind.)11.7%
Siemens (DK)
Clipper 6.1%
Acciona WP 2.1%
U.S. Wind TurbineMarket Share 2009
Total Turbine Installations: 9,922 MW
8.2%
Mitsubishi
REpower 3.3%
Nordex 0.3%Others 0.6%
Annual U.S. Wind Turbine Installations, by Manuacturer (MW)
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Wind | August
IV
62Source: AWEA, LBNL
MW
2005 2006 2007 200920080
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
Vestas
Siemens
Suzlon
Gamesa
GE Wind
Mitsubishi
AccionaREpower
Nordex
Other
Clipper
5,249
2,402
9,922
2,454
8,350
Average Installed Turbine Size
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Wind | August63Source: AWEA, LBNL
0.71
MW
0.88
MW
1.21
MW
1.43
MW
1.60
MW
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1998
199
9
2000
200
1
2002
200
3
2004
200
5
2006
1.65
MW
2007
1.66
MW
1.74
MW
2008
2009
AverageTurbineSize(MW)
0.75 MW0.10 MW 1.5 MW 2.5 MW 3.5 MW 5.0 MW
120 m
394 ft
100 m
328 ft
CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART
66 m
216 ft
50 m
164 ft
18 m
60 ft
85 m
279 ft
States Leading Wind Power Development
Cumulative Capacity (2009, MW)
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Wind | August
IV
64Source: AWEA
Cumulative Capacity (2009, MW)
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,410
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,670
Caliornia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,794
Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,980
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,809
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,758
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,547
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,246
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203
Annual Capacity (2009, MW)
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,292
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
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Wind | August65
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V. Solar
Solar: Summary
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Solar | August67
Solar energy electricity generation has nearly quadrupled between 2000 and 2009,but still represents a very small part o overall U.S. electricity generation.
Countries with aggressive solar policiessuch as Germany, Spain, and Japanlead the world in solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment. Similarly, U.S. states
with aggressive solar incentives lead the United States in installations
(Caliornia, New Jersey, Nevada, and Colorado).
U.S. manuacturers currently have a small share o the world PV market.China is the market leader with nearly 40% o the global PV cell production.
A number o concentrating solar power (CSP) plants came online in 2009, including12 MW in the United States and 120 MW in Spain.
MW
U.S. Total Installed Solar Energy Nameplate Capacity and Generation
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Solar | August
V
68
Sources: SEIANote: Generation numbers calculated rom installed capacity usinga 18% capacity actor or PV and 25% capacity actor or CSP.
* Includes on- and o-grid capacity.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
MW
GWh
CSP
PV
Generation
U.S. SolarEnergy
Generation(Million kWh)
U.S. Solar Energy Capacity (M
and % Increase rom Previous
PV* CSP Total Inc
2000 909 85 354 439 4
2001 952 112 354 466 6
2002 1,021 156 354 510 9
2003 1,132 226 354 580 13
2004 1,267 312 354 666 14
2005 1,444 424 354 778 16
2006 1,670 566 355 921 18
2007 2,133 771 419 1,190 29
2008 2,662 1,106 419 1,525 28
2009 3,588 1,677 431 2,108 38
U.S. PV Power Sales Price
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Solar | August69Source: Solarbuzz LLC, Federal Reserve Bank o St. Louis.Note: Data rom Solarbuzz is corrected or ination.
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
$/kWhM
W
Solar Price Range
Generation
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
Solar Energy Installed Capacity (2009) Select Countries
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Solar | August
V
70Source: SEIA* Includes PV and CSP
MW
Belgi
um
CzechRe
public
Fran
ce Italy
SpainU.S.
Japa
n
Germ
any0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
Japan: 2,628 MW
Spain: 3,595 MW
France: 465 MWU.S.: 2,108 MW
Belgium: 362 MW
Czech Republic: 465 MW
Germany: 9,677 MW
Italy: 1,158 MW
Photovoltaic Manuacturing
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Solar | August71
Source: Modifed rom Photon International
* Based on location o acilities
57.3%
Others
Sanyo (Japan) 2.1%Solarun (China) 2.1%
Ningbo Solar Electric (China) 2.1%
Kyocera (Japan) 3.3%
Yingli Green Energy (China) 4.3%
JA Solar (China) 4.2%
Q-Cells (Malaysia) 4.5%
Trina Solar (China) 3.3%
Sharp (Japan) 4.9%
Suntech Power (China) 5.7%
FirstSolar (Malaysia) 6.2%
Global Solar PV Production 2009:
12,258 MW cell production19,631.9 MW production capacity
25.3%First Solar
18.3%Evergreen Solar
21.8%United Solar
Solarworld8.8%
Global Solar 1.8%Schott Solar 1.9%
Miasole 2.3%
Solyndra 5.3%
Other 4.8%
Emcore 5.3%
Suniva 4.4%
U.S. Cell Production 2009:
566 MW cell production1,871.5 MW production capacity
States Leading Solar Energy Development (2009)
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Solar | August
V
72
Source: SEIA, Larry Sherwood/IREC
Note: Grid-tied capacity only.
PV Cumulative Capacity
(2009, MW)
Caliornia. . . . . . 768.0
New Jersey .. . 127.5 Colorado . . . . . . 59.1
Arizona . . . . . . . . 46.2
Florida . . . . . . . . . 38.9
Nevada . . . . . . . . 36.4
New York. . . . . . 33.9
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . 26.2
Connecticut .. . 19.7
Massachusetts 17.7
PV Annual CapacAdditions (2009, M
Caliornia. . . . . .
New Jersey .. . Florida . . . . . . . . .
Colorado . . . . . .
Arizona . . . . . . . .
Hawaii . . . . . . . . .
New York. . . . . .
Massachusetts
Connecticut .. .
North Carolina
CSP Cumulative Capacity(2009, MW)
Caliornia. . . . . . . 364
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 64
Arizona . . . . . . . . . 1
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 2
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Solar | August73
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Geothermal | August
VI
74
VI. Geothermal
Geothermal: Summary
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Geothermal | August75
U.S. geothermal energy generation has remained relatively stable rom 2000 to 2009,
with the past 10 years experiencing an average o 1.2% growth.
Geothermal energy generates power or between 5 and 10 cents / kilowatt-hour.
The United States leads the world in installed geothermal electricity capacity
and generation, with most o that power installed in Caliornia.
As a base-load source o energy, geothermal is distinct rom other renewables such as windand solar, because it can provide electricity 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
U.S. Geothermal Electricity Nameplate Capacity and Generation
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Geothermal | August
VI
76Source: GEA, EIA
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Million kWhMW
Generation
Capacity
U.S. Geothermal
ElectricityGeneration
(Million kWh)
U.S. Geothermal ElectCapacity and % Incr
rom Previous Yea
Total (MW) % Inc
2000 14,093 2,798 2.2
2001 13,741 2,798 0.0
2002 14,491 2,798 0.0
2003 14,424 2,798 0.0
2004 14,811 2,798 0.02005 14,692 2,828 1.1
2006 14,568 2,831 0.1
2007 14,637 2,937 3.7
2008 14,951 3,040 3.5
2009 15,210 3,087 1.5
U.S. Geothermal Capacity and Cost Trends
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Geothermal | August77Source: GEA
Cost
Capacity
500
0
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Capacity(MWe)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Cost(FlashPlant,cents/kWh)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Global Geothermal Electricity Capacity (2009) Select Countries
Iceland: 575 MW
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Geothermal | August
VI
78Source: GEA
MW
ElSa
lvador
Kenya
Icelan
d
New
Zealan
d
Japan
Indone
sia
Italy
Mexico
Philippin
es
U.S.
0
700
1,400
2,100
2,800
3,500
Japan: 536 MW
Philippines: 1,904 MW
El Salvador: 204 MW
U.S.: 3,087 MW
Mexico: 958 MW
Kenya: 167 MW
New Zealand: 628 MW
Indonesia: 1,197 MW
Italy: 843 MW
State Geothermal Energy Development (2009)
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Geothermal | August79Source: GEA
Total Installed Capacity
(2009, MW)
Caliornia. . . . . . . 2,565.5
Nevada . . . . . . . . . 426.8
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.0
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . 35.0
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8
Alaska
. . . . . . . . . . 0.7
Oregon . . . . . . . . . 0.3
Wyoming . . . . . . . 0.3
New Mexico .. . 0.2
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Biopower | August
VII
80
VII. Biopower
Biopower: Summary
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Biopower | August81
Biopower generation has remained steady during the past seven years,and currently accounts or 38% o all renewable energy generated in
the United States (excluding hydropower).
Biomass electricity primarily comes rom wood and agricultural residues thatare burned as a uel or cogeneration in the industrial sector (such as in thepulp and paper industry).
U.S. Biopower Nameplate Capacity and Generation
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Biopower | August
VII
82
Source: EIA
Note: The generation decrease between 2000 to 2001 reects anEIA classifcation change. Beginning with 2001 data, non-biogenicmunicipal solid waste and tire-derived uels were reclassifed as non-renewable energy sources (previously considered waste biopower).
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
MW
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Million kWh
Generation
Capacity
U.S. Biopower
Generation(Million kWh)
U.S. BiopowerCapacity and % Inc
rom Previous Ye
Total (MW) % Ch
2000 60,726 10,676 - 2.
2001 49,748 10,576 - 0.
2002 53,709 10,867 2.8
2003 53,340 10,856 - 0.
2004 53,073 11,033 1.6
2005 54,160 11,222 1.7
2006 54,759 11,553 2.92007 55,539 11,738 1.6
2008 55,034 12,485 6.4
2009 54,336 12,727 1.9
States Leading Biopower Energy Development (2009)
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Biopower | August83Source: EIA
Total Installed Capacity (2009, MW)
Caliornia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Million kWh
U.S. Biopower Generation Sources (20002009)
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Biopower | August
VII
84
Source: EIA
Note: LFG stands or Landfll Gas and MSW stands or Municipal Solid Waste
Note: The generation decrease between 2000 to 2001 reects an EIAclassifcation change. Beginning with 2001 data, non-biogenic municipalsolid waste and tire-derived uels were reclassifed as non-renewableenergy sources (previously considered waste biopower).
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Million kWh
0
13,000
26,000
39,000
52,000
65,000
Wood & Derived Fuels
Other Biomass
LFG/MSW
LFG/MSW OtherBiomass
Wood andDerived Fuel
TOTAL
2000 20,305 2,826 37,595 60,726
2001 12,714 1,834 35,200 49,748
2002 13,398 1,646 38,665 53,709
2003 13,383 2,428 37,529 53,340
2004 13,281 2,216 37,576 53,073
2005 13,470 2,009 38,681 54,160
2006 14,106 2,004 38,649 54,7592007 14,462 2,063 39,014 55,539
2008 15,520 2,214 37,300 55,034
2009 15,834 2,259 36,243 54,336
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Biopower | August85
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Hydropower | August
VIII
86
VIII. Hydropower
Hydropower: Summary
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Hydropower | August87
Hydropower capacity has remained constant between 20002009, withgeneration uctuation depending on water supply.
Hydropower remains the largest source o renewable energy generation, and
an important component o the energy mix; primarily large-scale hydropoweraccounts or 6.9% o U.S. electricity generation.
MW Million kWh
U.S. Hydropower* Nameplate Capacity and Generation
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Hydropower | August
VIII
88
Source: EIA
*Note: Excludes pumped storage.
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
200 0 2 001 20 02 20 03 20 04 2 005 2 006 20 07 2 008 2 0090
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
Generation
Capacity
U.S. Hydropower
Generation(Million kWh)
U.S. Hydropower Capand % Increase r
Previous Year
Total (MW) % Inc
2000 275,573 76,946 0.0
2001 216,961 76,911 0.0
2002 264,329 77,047 0.2
2003 275,806 77,020 0.0
2004 268,417 77,130 0.1
2005 270,321 77,354 0.3
2006 289,246 77,419 0.1
2007 247,510 77,432 0.0
2008 254,831 77,640 0.3
2009 272,131 77,662 0.0
States Leading Hydropower Generation (2009)
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Hydropower | August89Source: EIA
Capacity (2009, MW)
Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,807
Caliornia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,032
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,261
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,654
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,280
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,718
Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,548
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,516
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,418
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,932
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Advanced Water Power | Augus
IX
90
IX. Advanced Water Power
Advanced Water Power: Summary
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Advanced Water Power | Augus91
U.S. interest in advanced water powersuch as tidal, river and oceancurrent, and ocean wave energyis just beginning to grow, with many
prototype projects in testing stages and permits being fled at the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
One wave and two tidal plants came online in 2009 in New South Wales,Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Worldwide Advanced Water PowerCommercial and Pilot Plants in Operation
Kislaya Guba Tidal Power Station
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Advanced Water Power | Augus
IX
92
RITE Project
= Tidal
= Wave
Islay Project
Kislaya Guba Tidal Power Station
Xinguyang
Aguadora Wave Park
Port Kembla Wave Energy Project
Fall o Warness
Sources: FERC, Global Data
La Rance Tidal Power PlantAnnapolis Royal Tidal Power Plant
Jiangxia Tidal PowerGeneration Plant
Bay o Fundy
Mutriku Wave Power Plant
Billia Croo Test Site
Humber Estuary Tidal Power Project
1413
12
11
Worldwide Advanced Water PowerCommercial and Pilot Plants in Operation
PROJECT NAME Type Location Technology Size Year o Oper
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Advanced Water Power | Augus93Sources: FERC, Global Data
PROJECT NAME Type Location Technology Size Year o Oper.
Aguadora Wave Park WAVE Povoa de Varzim, Portugal Pelamis Wave Energy Converter 2.25 MW 2007
Annapolis Royal Tidal Power Plant TIDAL Nova Scotia, Canada Dam and Tidal Turbine 20 MW 1984
Bay o Fundy TIDAL Nova Scotia, Canada In-stream tidal tubine 1.0 MW 2009
Billia Croo Test Site WAVE United Kingdom N/A 200 kW 2003
Fall o Warness TIDAL United Kingdom Open Hydro Centre Turbine 250 kW 2008
Humber Estuary Tidal Power Project TIDAL United Kingdom Oscillating Hydrooils 100 kW 2009
Islay Project WAVE United Kingdom Wavegen Limpet Device 500 kW 2000
Jiangxia Tidal Power Generation Plant TIDAL China N/A 3.2 MW ~1980
Kislaya Guba Tidal Power Station TIDAL Barents Sea, Russia Orthogonal roto 1.7 MW 1968
La Rance Tidal Power Plant TIDAL France Turbine 240 MW 1966
Mutriku Wave Power Plant WAVE New South Wales Oscillating Water Column 300 kW 2009
Port Kembla Wave Energy Project WAVE Australia Oceanlinx Wave Energy System 500 kW 2006
RITE Project TIDAL East River, New York Verdant Free Flow Turbines 120 kW 2007
Xinguyang TIDAL China N/A 1.3 MW ~1980
FERC Permitted and Licensed Projects
in the U.S. (2009)
Permitted Pending Permit Licensed Pending l icenses
130 40 2 0
= Commercial Plants
14
13
12
11
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Hydrogen | August
X
94
X. Hydrogen
Hydrogen: Summary
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Hydrogen | August95
As o April 2010, there are approximately 68 hydrogen ueling stations
in the United States.
An estimated 223 uel cell vehicles are available in the United States to date.
There are close to 1,000 stationary uel cell installations worldwide, 23 o
which are greater than 1 MW in capacity.
Hydrogen Transportation
Hydrogen Production Number o Operational U.S. Hydrogen Fueling Stations(April 2010 Total o 68)
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Hydrogen | August96
50 million tons ohydrogen are produced eachyear worldwide, with 9 milliontons being consumed in theUnited States.
Approximately 60% is used ormaking ammonia or ertilizer;23% is used to make gasoline
cleaner by removing sulur;9% is used to make methanol;and the remainder is orchemical processing, metalproduction, electronics, andor space exploration.
Sources: NHA, EIA
(April 2010 Total o 68)
Number o recorded uel cell vehicles in the United States = 223
26
8
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
D
3
1
X
Hydrogen Electricity
Stationary Fuel Cell Installations (2009)
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Hydrogen | August97Sources: FuelCells.org
Number o stationary
uel cells >1 MW = 23
Located in the U.S. (16),
Italy (1), Japan (2), Korea (4)
527 Non-U.S.Installations
418 U.S.Installations38 U.S.
30 Non-U.S.
Planned Projects = 68
Worldwide Installations= 945
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Renewable Fuels | Augus
XI
98
XI. Renewable Fuels
Renewable Fuels Ethanol: Summary
Corn ethanol production continues to expand rapidly in the United States.
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Renewable Fuels | Augus99
* Most U.S. ethanol is currently produced rom corn (in contrast toBrazils ethanol coming rom sugar cane); but eorts are underway bythe U.S. Department o Energy and others to commercialize cellulosicethanol, which is produced rom non-ood crops.
Note: Ethanol is blended with gasoline and generally comprises upto 10% o the uel with gasoline as the other 90% (E10). Additionally,ex-uel vehicles use a blend o 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline (E85).
Between 2000 and 2009, production increased more than 6 times.
Ethanol production grew nearly 20% in 2009 to reach 10,750 million
gallons per year.
Ethanol has steadily increased its percentage o the overall gasoline pool, and in
2009 was estimated to be 7.8%.
In 2009, the United States* produced 62.0% o the worlds ethanol, ollowed by
Brazil at 37.9%, the European Union at 6.0%, China at 3.1%, and Thailand at 2.5%.
11,000
10,000$6.00
U.S. Corn Ethanol Production and Price Trends
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100Sources: RFA, EERE
Corn Ethanol Price(energy-equivalent basis)
Corn Ethanol Production
0
1,000
3,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
7,000
6,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
9,000
8,000
$5.00
$/gallon
Milliongallons/year
Gasoline Price (avg. retail)
G li P l*Ethanol
A l P t
U.S. Ethanol Production and Growth in Gasoline Pool by Volume
U S Ethanol
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* Includes ethanol
Sources: EIA, Renewable Fuels Association, DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center
Gasoline Pool*(Million gallons/yr)
EthanolProduction
(Million gallons/yr)
AnnualGrowth (%)
Percent oGasoline Pool
2000 128,662 1,630 11% 1.3%
2001 129,312 1,770 9% 1.4%
2002 132,782 2,130 20% 1.6%
2003 134,089 2,800 31% 2.1%
2004 137,022 3,400 21% 2.5%
2005 136,949 3,904 15% 2.9%
2006 138,378 4,855 24% 3.5%
2007 142,287 6,500 34% 4.6%
2008 137,797 9,000 39% 6.5%
2009 137,736 10,750 19% 7.8%
U.S. EthanolDistribution and Utilization
2,030 E85 stations (April 2010)
E85 average retail price (January 2010):$3.36/gallon (gasoline gallon equivalentbasis), gasoline price: $2.65/gallonApproximately 8 million fex-uel
vehicles (FFV) are on the road
U.S. Ethanol Production Capacity and Ethanol Yields and Emissions
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Note: No sugarcane ethanol is currently produced in the United States.
Sources: RFA
Top Five States or U.S. Ethanol(operating) Production Capacity in 2009
(millions o gallons)
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,183
Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,454
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,350
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,113
South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016
U.S. Ethanol Production Capacity
Total U.S. Ethanol Operating Production Capacity (2009): 11,877.4 million gallons/year (mmgy)
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Renewable Fuels | Augus103Source: RFA
p g p y ( ) g y ( gy)
Top Five Ethanol CompaniesProduction Capacity 2009
(millions o gallons/year)
Poet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526
Archer Daniels Midland Co. . . . . . . . . . . 1,070
Valero Renewable Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
Green Plains Renewable Energy. . . . . 480
Hawkeye Renewables LLC . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Global Ethanol Production
Top Five Countries (2009) Ethanol Production (millions o gallons)
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United States: 10,750
Brazil: 6,578
EU: 1,040
China: 542
Global Ethanol Production
(millions o gallons)
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,770
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,150
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,489
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,102
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,335
2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,535
Source: RFA
Thailand: 435
Renewable Fuels Biodiesel: Summary
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Biodiesel has expanded rom a relatively small production base in 2000,
to a total U.S. production o 545 million gallons in 2009.
Biodiesel production in 2009 is 109 times what it was in 2000.
Europe leads the world in biodiesel production, with most productionin France and Germany.
U.S. Biodiesel Demand and Price (20002009)
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106Sources: National Biodiesel Board, EERE
0
150,000
300,000
450,000
600,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
750,000 $5.00
Thousand
Gallons
$/Gallon
Price
Production
2008 2009
AnnualGrowth
Total Produc(thousand ga
2000 300% 2,000
2001 150% 5,000
2002 200% 15,000
2003 33% 20,000
2004 25% 25,000
2005 200% 75,0002006 233% 250,000
2007 100% 500,000
2008 40% 700,000
2009 (22%) 545,000
U.S. Biodiesel Production Capacity
Total U.S. Biodiesel Production Capacity (2009): 2,175.4 million gallons/year (mmgy)
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Renewable Fuels | Augus107Source: National Biodiesel Board, REG, Renewable Biouels Inc,Imperium Renewables, Green Earth Fuels LLC
Top Six Biodiesel Companies
Production Capacity 2009
(millions o gallons/year)
Renewable Energy Group, Inc 362
Renewable Biouels, Inc 180
/ Imperium Renewables, Inc / Biodiesel o Las Vegas 100
Green Earth Fuels, LLC 90
Louis Dreyus Agricultural Industries 85
Top Five Countries (2009) Biodiesel Production (millions o gallons)
Global Biodiesel Production
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United States: 545
Germany: 687
France: 687
Brazil: 423
Argentina: 370
Global Biodiesel Production
(millions o gallons)
2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030
2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585
2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,378
2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,170
2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,385
Sources: REN21, National Biodiesel Board
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110
XII. Clean Energy Investments
Clean Energy Investments: Summary
U.S. investment in renewable energy has grown dramatically in the past decade,
and in 2009 investment reached more than $9 billion
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Clean Energy Investments | Augus111
and in 2009 investment reached more than $9 billion.
U.S. investment in wind energy projects grew rom $250 million in 2001 to more
than $2 billion in 2009.
In 2009, U.S. venture capital and private equity investment in renewable energy
technology companies was $3.4 billionup rom $30 million in 2001.
U.S. venture capital and private equity investment in solar technology companies
has increased rom $5 million in 2001 to more than $1 billion in 2009.
U.S. and Global Total Investment in Renewable Energy, 2009 ($ million
$3,236$47,85850,0003,500
Global Total InvestmentU.S. Total Investment
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Source: Bloomberg New Energy FinanceCompleted and disclosed deals only.
Includes VC/PE, public market activity, asset fnancing, and acquisition transactions.
1Q 2009 2Q 2009 3Q 2009 4Q 2009 1Q 2009 2Q 2009 3Q 2009 4Q 200
$inMillions
$26,938
$2,070Biopower
Marine
Fuel Cells
Power Storage
Efciency
Geothermal
Wind
Solar
Biofuels
$15,81
$3,969
$inMillions
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
0
700
1,400
2,100
2,800$2,614
$1,224
U.S. Wind Energy Project Asset Financing Transactions ($ millions),20012009
11 000
12,000$11,128
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Clean Energy Investments | Augus113Figures represent Disclosed Deals derived romBloomberg New Energy Finances Desktop database.
$250 $230$750
$2,525
$7,180
$8,170
$940
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
$1,593
2008 2009
$inMillions
U.S. Venture Capital and Private Equity Investment ($ millions)in Renewable Energy Technology Companies, 20012009
$6,2506,500
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114Figures represent Disclosed Deals derived romBloomberg New Energy Finances Desktop database.
$4,282
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
$inMillions
$1,823
$525
$3,375
$2,289
Biopower
Power Storage
Efciency
Marine
Fuel Cells/Hydrogen
Geothermal
Wind
Solar
Biofuels
$720
$321$440
0
1,300
2,600
3,900
5,200
U.S. Venture Capital and Private Equity Investment ($ millions)in Solar Energy Technology Companies, 20012009
3 000
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Clean Energy Investments | Augus115Figures represent Disclosed Deals derived romBloomberg New Energy Finances Desktop database.
$40 $38 $56$214
$2,700
$1,079
$62
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
$1,570
$398
$inMillions
U.S. Venture Capital and Private Equity Investment ($ millions)in Biouels Technology Companies, 20012009
$1 1101,200
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116Figures represent Disclosed Deals derived romBloomberg New Energy Finances Desktop database.
$25 $24 $40$75
$inMillions
$602
$827
$1,110
$238
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
$425
Public Renewable Energy Index Perormance, 2009 (Indexed to 100)
32%
33%140%
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Clean Energy Investments | Augus117Public data
Jan2009
Mar2009
May2009
July2009
Sept2009
Nov2009
Dec2009
17%
26%
WilderHill New Energy Global Index (DJIA: ^NEX)
New Alternatives Fund (NALFX)
Calvert Global Alternative Energy Fund (CGAEX)
Guinness Atkinson Alternative Energy Fund (GAAEX)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
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Glossary
Base-load capacityThe generating equipment normally operated toserve loads on an around-the-clock basis.
British Thermal Unit (Btu)The quantity o heat required to increase thetemperature o 1 pound o liquid water by 1degree Fahrenheit at the temperature at whichwater has its greatest density (approximately
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)A solar energy conversion system characterizedby the optical concentration o solar rays throughan arrangement o mirrors to heat working uidto a high temperature Concentrating solar power
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Glossary | August119
Biodiesel
Any liquid biouel suitable as a diesel uelsubstitute or diesel uel additive or extender.Biodiesel uels are typically made rom oils suchas soybeans, rapeseed, or sunowers; or romanimal tallow. Biodiesel can also be made romhydrocarbons derived rom agricultural productssuch as rice hulls.
BiouelsLiquid uels and blending components produced
rom biomass (plant) eedstocks, used primarilyor transportation.
BiomassOrganic non-ossil material o biological originconstituting a renewable energy source.
water has its greatest density (approximately39 degrees Fahrenheit).
Capacity FactorThe ratio o the electrical energy produced by agenerating unit or the period o time consideredto the electrical energy that could have beenproduced at continuous ull power operation duringthe same period.
Compound Annual Growth Rate
The year-over-year growth rate applied during amultiple-year period. The ormula or calculatingCAGR is (Current Value/Base Value)^(1/# o years) - 1.
to a high temperature. Concentrating solar power(but not solar thermal power) may also reer to a
system that ocuses solar rays on a photovoltaiccell to increase conversion efciency.
CostThe amount paid to produce a good or service.Cost represents the sum o the value o the inputsin production
Direct Use
Use o electricity that (1) is sel-generated, (2) isproduced by either the same entity that consumesthe power or an afliate, and (3) is used in directsupport o a service or industrial process locatedwithin the same acility or group o acilities thathouse the generating equipment. Direct use isexclusive o station use.
E85A uel containing a mixture o 85 percent ethanol
and 15 percent gasoline.
EthanolA clear, colorless, ammable oxygenatedhydrocarbon. Ethanol is typically producedchemically rom ethylene, or biologically rom t ti i b h d t
Flexible-Fuel VehiclesVehicles that can operate on (1) alternative uels(such as E85); (2) 100 percent petroleum-baseduels; (3) any mixture o an alternative uel (or l ) d t l b d l Fl ibl l
GenerationThe total amount o electric energy produced bygenerating units and measured at the generatingterminal in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt-h (MWh)
Glossary
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XIII
120
ermentation o various sugars rom carbohydratesound in agricultural crops and cellulosic residues
rom crops or wood. It is used in the United Statesas a gasoline octane enhancer and oxygenate(blended up to 10 percent concentration). Ethanolcan also be used in high concentrations (E85) invehicles designed or its use.
Federal EnergyRegulatory Commission (FERC)The ederal agency with jurisdiction over interstateelectricity sales, wholesale electric rates,hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oilpipeline rates, and gas pipeline certifcation. FERCis an independent regulatory agency within theDepartment o Energy (DOE) and is the successorto the Federal Power Commission.
uels) and a petroleum-based uel. Flexible-uelvehicles have a single uel system to handle
alternative and petroleum-based uels.
Fuel CellA device capable o generating an electricalcurrent by converting the chemical energy o a uel(e.g., hydrogen) directly into electrical energy. Fuel cellsdier rom conventional electrical cells in that the activematerials such as uel and oxygen are not containedwithin the cell but are supplied rom outside. Itdoes not contain an intermediate heat cycle, as do
most other electrical generation techniques.
Gasoline PoolAll gasoline produced by volume, including anyadditions such as ethanol or methyl tertiary-butylether (MTBE).
hours (MWh).
Geothermal EnergyThe heat that is extracted rom hot water or steamthat is mined rom geothermal reservoirs in theearths crust. Water or steam can be used as aworking uid or geothermal heat pumps, waterheating, or electricity generation, and then isreinjected back into the earth.
Geothermal Heat Pump
A heat pump in which the rerigerant exchanges heat(in a heat exchanger) with a uid circulating throughan earth connection medium (ground or groundwater). The uid is contained in a variety o loop(pipe) confgurations depending on the temperatureo the ground and the ground area available. Loopsmay be installed horizontally or vertically in theground or submersed in a body o water.
Gigawatt (GW)One billion watts or one thousand megawatts.
Gigawatt-hour (GWh)
Landfll GasGas that is generated by decomposition o organicmaterial at landfll disposal sites. The averagecomposition o landfll gas is