Post on 31-Dec-2015
description
Drinking water in spate irrigated areas: main issues
o Low annual rainfall o Deep water table / sometimes fluoride
groundwatero Public tubewells out of ordero Water from ponds – for humans and livestock:
o Pollutedo Limited duration of storage
o Major reason for hardship
IMPORTANCE OF DRINKINGWATER PONDS:
LOCAL HINDU SAINT IN PAKISTAN STILL
REVERRED BECAUSE OFTHE POND HE MADE
IMPROVED DRINKING WATER PONDS
Have reliable water storage for long period Have ‘relatively’ clean water Have ponds well maintained
IMPROVED DRINKING WATER PONDS
Reliability Close to flood inlet Make ponds deep enough (4-7 meters) to reduce
evaporation Trees on banks of ponds to further reduce
evaporation Where available clay lining Plastic lining – adequately anchored and covered
with at least 30 cm of soils to avoid punching
CONSTRUCTING DRINKING WATER PONDS
Cleanliness/ water quality Fencing to avoid animal tresspassing Use slow sand filter to pump water from reservoir Cascade system – water overflowing from other
(livestock) pond after sediment settled in it Use of sediment trapping vegetation in the
overflow structure Later, sometimes: wells near ponds fed by leakage
CONSTRUCTING DRINKING WATER PONDS
Ease of maintenance Gentle slope Sediment trap (can be part of livestock pond) No entry of livestock
IMPACTS
Availability of potable water for humans And livestock Reduced out migration Decreased 40 % enteric disorder cases Provide sediment free water
In spite of importance experience from Balochistan (Pakistan) indicates that maintenance of ponds is main challenge
Only 25% of ponds was well maintained. Those that were well-maintained were:
Close to primary schools or mosks Were used by visiting nomads as well, who paid for the
use of the ponds for their livestock
Maintenance
Management is important: Cleaning out the silt Protecting the ponds from animals tresspassing Collecting funds for caretaker and maintenance
Maintenance of Community Ponds
Fencing or trenching– against tresspassing animals
Collecting funds forguarding and cleaning
OR:TO BE ALLOWED TOTAKE WATER YOUHAVE TO FIRSTREMOVE SILT..
WOMEN WITHOUT AHUSBAND EXEMPT FROM THIS DUTY