Transcript of 3. persian wars
- 1. Valarie Young PERSIAN WARS
- 2. Valarie Young The Persian Wars From 500-479 BCE, the Greeks
provoked and then survived the mighty Persian Empire.
- 3. Valarie Young The Persian Wars Together, the small citizen
armies defeated the titanic Persians army.
- 4. Valarie Young To free citizens it was better to die free
than to live as a slave under the Persians.
- 5. Valarie Young The First Persian War 499 B.C- 494 B.C. Cause
The Ionian Greeks rebel against the Persian Empire. Response Athens
sends weapons, ships and money to help them.
- 6. Valarie Young The First Persian War 499 - 494 B.C. Result:
Darius I crushes the rebellion and plans to invade Athens by sea.
Darius I 549-486 BC
- 7. Valarie Young The First Persian War 499 - 494 B.C. Result:
However, his fleet is wrecked by a storm.
- 8. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 492-490 BC Cause In
492, Darius sends a 50,000 man army to destroy Athens and her
allies. Every day a servant said to Darius Master, remember the
Athenians
- 9. Valarie Young Eretria The Persians bunt many northern Greek
Polis.
- 10. Valarie Young Major Battles The Second Persian War 492-490
BCE Athens sends Pheidippides to ask Sparta for help, but they will
not come. They want to fight the Persians in the Peloponnese
- 11. Valarie Young Athens and her allies met the Persians at
Marathon.
- 12. Valarie Young Battle of Marathon: Persia- 25,000 -50,000
Athens -9,000 allies- 1,000
- 13. Valarie Young Persian soldiers The majority of the Persian
Army were conscript and mercenary soldiers.
- 14. Valarie Young Persian immortals
- 15. Valarie Young Miltiades Athenian General and Politian
- 16. Valarie Young 11,00 Athenian & Plataean Hoplites The
hoplites were Polis citizen solders.
- 17. Valarie Young Phalanx Formation
- 18. Valarie Young Persians (Datis) Persians (Datis) 19,000
light infantry, archers and javelin throwers 1,000 cavalry
Athenians & Plataeans (Miltiades) 11,000 hoplites Athenians
& Plateans (Miltiades) The Immortals The Immortals are Persias
most elite unit which double as an imperial guard and conventional
land force. Their numerical strength is always supplemented to
10,000, dead or wounded being replaced immediately. This is done to
preserve the cohesion and mystique of the unit. Miltiades deploys
his army in a long, thin line across the valley to prevent the
Persian cavalry from rounding his flanks. Datis extends his line
accordingly to prevent encirclement. Miltiades places more weight
on his wings at the expense of his center while Datis distributes
his troops evenly but places his heavier elite infantry, the
Immortals, at his center. The Athenians sprint towards the
Persians, the wings edging ahead of the center, in order to negate
the Persian advantage of having significant numbers of missile
throwers. The Persian missile throwers underestimate the fitness of
the hoplites and the speed of their advance; most of their missiles
land harmlessly behind the Athenians. Not surprisingly, the greater
weight of Miltiades wings push back those of the lightly armoured
Persians while Datis Immortals push back the thinly manned Athenian
center. Due to the surprise achieved, the Persian cavalry was on a
foraging assignment and is only now ready to partake in the
battle.
- 19. Valarie YoungSome Persians drown after unknowingly running
into marshland. The remaining Persian units are pounded by the
Athenian hoplites on the beaches, where they suffer the majority of
their casualties. Although the Persians escape by sea, the
Athenians capture seven of their ships. Not surprisingly, the
greater weight of Miltiades wings push back those of the lightly
armoured Persians while Datis Immortals push back the thinly manned
Athenian center. Due to the surprise achieved, the Persian cavalry
was on a foraging assignment and is only now ready to partake in
the battle. Sensing the danger to his centre, Miltiades orders it
to hang back. Datis however does not sense the danger to his wings.
Just as the Athenian center appears to break, the Persian wings are
soundly defeated and retreat in disarray. The Athenian wings
surround the Persian centre and begin to assault its flanks. The
Persians are still numerically superior so Miltiades leaves a
passage of retreat, knowing a desperate enemy fights its hardest.
The Persian center, besieged on three sides, panics and retreats in
disarray along with the wings. The Persian cavalry counterattacks
before being swept away, but this allows Datis to organize a
rearguard. Persians (Datis) Athenians & Plateans (Miltiades)
Persians (Datis) 19,000 light infantry, archers and javelin
throwers 1,000 cavalry Athenians & Plataeans (Miltiades) 11,000
hoplites The Immortals The Immortals are Persias most elite unit
which double as an imperial guard and conventional land force.
Their numerical strength is always supplemented to 10,000, dead or
wounded being replaced immediately. This is done to preserve the
cohesion and mystique of the unit.
- 20. Valarie Young Battle of Marathon 6,400 Persians dead, 192
Athenians
- 21. Valarie Young Pheidippides Ran to Athens from Marathon = 26
miles 41.8 Km He dies after proclaiming the news of the
victory.
- 22. Valarie Young The army returns to Athens , The Persian
fleet sails back home.
- 23. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 492-490 BCE Sparta did
not even fight! Results: Athens reputation increases across Greece.
Athenians believe more in their democracy as the rational and best
way of government. More polis decide for democracy.
- 24. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 490 BC Themistocles
convinces the citizens of Athens to build a fleet, preparing for
another attack.
- 25. Valarie Young Trireme 200-300 citizen rowers
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- 29. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 490 BC Athens forms a
defensive league with other city-states the Delian League.
- 30. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 BCE Darius son Xerses
invades Athens by land and sea.
- 31. Valarie Young Xerses invades Greece by land and sea. He
personally Leads an army of 180,000 to 300,000 And a fleet of 300
war ships.
- 32. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 B.C. Major Battles
August 480 BCE Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans and 6000 Greeks
led by King Leonidas hold off 300,000 Persians. 300-Battle
Scene_(360p).flv
- 33. Valarie Young Battle of Thermopylae August 480 BCE
- 34. Valarie Young The Spartans gain time so most of the
Athenians retreat to Salamis.
- 35. Valarie Young Xersus marches on Athens and burns it. The
Persian fleet closes in on the Delian fleet at Salamis
- 36. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 B.C. Sicinnus
(Themistocles slave) told Xerses that the Greek fleet would move
out of the bay and escape. The Persians row all night to stop them.
The Persians divide their fleet to block all exits out of the
straights. Battle of Salamis
- 37. Valarie Young Artemisia, queen of Halicarnassus commanded a
Persian naval squadron She advised Xerses to wait for the Greeks to
surrender, believing a battle in the straits of Salamis
unwise.
- 38. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 BCE Yahoo! Video Search
Results for battle of salamis3.wmv Major Battles September Battle
of Salamis
- 39. Valarie Young September Battle of Salamis The Persians row
all night to stop them. The Persians divide their fleet to block
all exits out of the straights
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- 41. Valarie Young Trireme
- 42. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 B.C. The fresh Athenian
crews rip apart the exhausted Persian navy. They sink more than 200
Persian ships. Yahoo! Video Search Results for battle of
salamis3.wmv Battle of Salamis
- 43. Valarie Young The Greeks sail to destroy Xerses bridge
across the Hellespot. Xerses divides his army in two, leading one
against the Hellespot. The other to sack Athens again the following
spring.
- 44. Valarie Young Third Persian War 479 BCE Battle of Plataea
The combined armies of Athens and Sparta defeat the Persians
again.
- 45. Valarie Young June 479 BCE Battles of Plataea Pausanias
leads 40,000 Greek Hoplites from Athens, Sparta, and allied Greek
polis Mardonius leads 120,000 Persian troops, heavy on cavalry
including the Immortals
- 46. Valarie Young June 479 BCE Battles of Plataea Allies
Athenians Spartans
- 47. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies
Athenians Spartans
- 48. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies
Athenians Spartans
- 49. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies
Athenians Spartans
- 50. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies
Athenians Spartans
- 51. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies
Athenians Spartans
- 52. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea The Greeks
loose up to 1100 men. The Persians army is completely destroyed
nearly 100 percent or 120,000 casualties.
- 53. Valarie Young Third Persian War: The Outcome! Democracy of
Athens status increases among the polis. More polis decide for
democracy and join the Delian league.
- 54. Valarie Young Triumph of Democracy and Freedom If the
Persians had won, democracy and freedom would have died in the
West. The founders of the USA used the example of Athenian
democracy to make its constitution. The Persians would not invade
Greece again.
- 55. Valarie Young The Impact of the Persian Wars 1. Athens is
the most powerful city-state. 2. 150 Greek city states join the
Delian League. 3. Athens creates an economic empire out of it. s 4.
Athens enters into a Golden Age of science and arts. 5. Sparta
starts forms the Peloponnesian League in opposition to it.
- 56. Valarie Young Homework Page 125 1-5 Bonus 9
- 57. Valarie Young Next time Classical Greece Pg 123-133
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- 59. Valarie Young The Delian League Permanent Alliance headed
by Pericles of Athens To defend against future Persian invasion
Members pay dues Problems 1. Members could not leave the alliance
2. Pericles used $ to rebuild Athens 3. Promoted democracies only
Sparta not happy!
- 60. Valarie Young