Post on 13-Feb-2018
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Ion exchangeAli Masduqi
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1. Theory o ion exchange
2. !ro"er#ies o ion exchanger
3. A""lica#ions o #he ionexchange "rocess
$. %esign "rocedure o ion
exchanger
Contents
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1Theory of ion exchange
%eini#ion:
A "rocess &here insolu'le su's#ance
re(o)es ion o "osi#i)e or nega#i)e charge
ro( elec#roly#ic solu#ion and releases o#her
ion o li*e charge in#o solu#ion in a
che(ically equi)alen# a(oun#.
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1Theory of ion exchange (cont.)
The general reac#ion or #he exchange o ion A and +:
nR-A+ + Bn+Rn-Bn+ + nA+
The equili'riu( cons#an# or a'o)e reac#ion:
,+A is a cons#an# &hich is reerred #o as a selectivity
coefficient. -elec#i)i#y coeicien# is rela#i)e aini#ies
o ions.
s
nn
n
sR
n
n
)B()AR(
)A()BR(
R
++
++
=+
+
n+
A,
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1Theory of ion exchange (cont.)
The aini#y o an ion or resin can generalied 'y #heollo&ing rules: Ions o high )alence are "reerred o)er ions o lo&
)alence
or ions o #he sa(e )alence #he ex#en# o #he exchange
reac#ion increases &i#h decreasing hydra#ed radius and
increasing a#o(ic nu('er
%iusion An i("or#an# "rocess in #he ionexchange
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1Theory of ion exchange (cont.)
The ra#e o il( diusion can 'e increased 'y: Increasing agi#a#ion
Increasing #he concen#ra#ion o exchanging ions in #he
solu#ion
Increasing #he #o#al surace area o #he resin
Increasing #he #e("era#ure
or general exchange reac#ion: A + + A #he o)erallra#e o #he exchange
So
Rr
]B[rD3
]RB[D
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2Properties of ion exchanger
Ty"es o ion exchanger: a#ion exchanger resin
1. -#rongacid exchange resin
2. 7ea*acid exchange resin
Anion exchanger resin
1. -#rong'ase exchange resin
2. 7ea*'ase exchange resin
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2.1.1 Cation exchanger resin
Strong-acid exchange resin
These resins can 'e regenera#ed &i#h a s#rong acid such as 92-$or
9l
Weak-acid exchange resin
These resins can 'e regenera#ed &i#h any acid s#ronger #han #he
unc#ional grou"
++++ Na:SORHClNaClH:SOR 33
++
++ H:SOR2SONaSOHNa:SOR2 342423
323 COHNa:OO
CRNaHCOH:OO
CR ++ ++
NaClH:OO
CRHClNa:OO
CR ++ ++
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2.1.2 Anion exchanger resin
Strong-base exchange resin
These resins can 'e regenera#ed &i#h
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2Properties of ion exchanger(contd)
harac#eris#ics o ion exchanger:
1. Ion exchange ca"aci#y
2. Mois#urere#en#ion ca"aci#y =(ois#ure
con#en#>
3. %ensi#y
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2.2Ion exchange capacity
?sually ex"ressed as total capacityoroperating capacity
@i(i#ing o"era#ing ca"aci#y =@>
+++
++
+
=
BBB
AB
B
X1X'K
X1X
=
= n
1iii
r
o
r
opo)VY(
V
C
V
VCX
+= BX*XLOC
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3Applications of the ion exchange
process 7a#er so#ening
%e(ineralia#ion
hro(iu( re(o)al re(o)al
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3.1.Water softening
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Na
NaX
FeX
MgX
CaX
NaX
Na
Fe
Mg
Ca
4
.
.
.
.
.
2
22
2
2
Ion exchange so#ening u#ilies #he sodiu( cycles
ion exchanger is charged &i#h sodiu(:
7hen #he ca"aci#y is exhaus#ed 'ed is recharged
using 'rine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Na
Fe
Mg
Ca
NaX
NaX
FeX
MgX
CaX
Na2
2
2
2
2
.
.
.
.
.
2
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3.2.e!inerali"ation
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
H
NaX
FeX
MgX
CaX
HX
Na
Fe
MgCa
2
.
.
.
.
.
2 2
22
2
2
The ca#ion exchange resin o"era#es on #hehydrogen cycle and #he anion resin o"era#es on
#he hydroxil cycle
Ion exchanger recharge:
22
2
2
2
.
2
2
.
.
.
.
HX
Na
Fe
Mg
Ca
H
NaX
FeX
MgX
CaX
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
OH
SiOX
ClX
SOX
OHX
HSiO
Cl
SO
2
).(
.
.
).(
2
2
23
2
4
2
3
2
4
2
3
2
4
23
2
4
).(
2
22
).(
.
.
OHX
HSiO
Cl
SO
OH
SiOX
ClX
SOX
+
+
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3Applications of the ion exchange
processA##en#ion !reerence series or #he (os# co((on ca#ions:
+a2 B !'2 B -r2 B a2 B
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# esign proced$re of ion exchanger
A""roach: -caleu" a""roach
,ine#ics a""roachuse @ -ys#e( o"era#ion
-er)ice
+ac*&ashing egenera#ion insing "era#ing (ode
( ) Q
VCk
Q
Mqk
C
C o1o1o 1ln =
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WATER DEMINERALIZATION
H+ OH-
WATER
FROM WTP
Ca++
Mg++
Na+
K+
Fe++
Cu+
CO3--
HCO3-
Cl-
SO4--
SiO2--
NO3-
H+
CO3--
HCO3-
Cl-
SO4--
SiO2--
NO3-
Air
H+
CO3--
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%eactor esign
Hydraulic Loading Rate
9@ is used or de#er(ining cross sec#ion area
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HL
QA =
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%eactor esign
Reactor Volume
D. o. # ='ul*>. F='ul* A>
D lo& o &a#er #o 'e #rea#ed
o inluen# conc. o ion #o 'e re(o)ed
# dura#ion o run 'eore exhaus#ing
='ul*> 'ul* )olu(e o (ois# resin used in reac#or'ed
F='ul* A> )olu(e#ric iso#her( ca"aci#y o ion
exchanger or s"ecies A#o 'e re(o)ed10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 23
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%eactor esign
Bed Depth
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)sec(
)()(
!ion"ro##
$%lkrea"!or
AVL =
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C&'T& IAI' P*%IT+',A'
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