Post on 10-Jan-2016
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Optical NetworksCS294-3: Distributed Service Architectures in Converged NetworksGeorge PorterTal Lavian
EECS - UC Berkeley
OverviewPhysical technology, devicesHow are optical networks currently deployed?Customer-empowered networksNew applications, ways of doing businessHow does this change the big picture?How do we do it?What are the challenges? Payoffs?
EECS - UC Berkeley
OverviewPhysical technology, devicesHow are optical networks currently deployed?Customer-empowered networksNew applications, ways of doing businessHow does this change the big picture?How do we do it?What are the challenges? Payoffs?
EECS - UC Berkeley
Why optical?Handle increase in IP trafficMoores law doesnt apply here1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4TbpsReduce cost of transmitting a bitCost/bit down by 99% in last 5 yearsEnable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges
EECS - UC Berkeley
Fiber capabilities/WDMWavelengths can be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connectionsSets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebandsSwitching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths1 Cable can do multi terabits/sec
EECS - UC Berkeley
Cable
Fibers (100+)
Wavebands
Wavelengths(Multi Tbps)
(Timeslots)(OC12,48,192)
Internet RealityDataCenterAccessLong HaulAccessMetroMetro
EECS - UC Berkeley
DevicesAdd/Drop multiplexerOptical Cross Connect (OXC)Tunable: no need to keep the same wavelength end-to-endSwitches lambdas from input to output portFor transparent optical network, wavelengths treated as opaque objects, with routing control brought out-of-band
EECS - UC Berkeley
OverviewPhysical technology, devicesHow are optical networks currently deployed?Customer-empowered networksNew applications, ways of doing businessHow does this change the big picture?How do we do it?What are the challenges? Payoffs?
EECS - UC Berkeley
Overview of SONETSynchronous Optical NetworkGood for aggregating small flows into a fat pipeElectric endpoints, strong protection, troubleshooting functionality
EECS - UC Berkeley
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Company Name
SONET
OC3
OC48
OC48
Todays provisioningAnywhere between months to minutesSemi-automatic schemesMuch like old-style telephone operatorThe fact is there are tons of fibers underground, but they are not organized in a way where you can utilize their full potential
EECS - UC Berkeley
Drive to autoswitched networkMake the network intelligentOn-demand bandwidth to the edge of the networkNew applicationsDisaster Recovery Distributed SANData warehousingBackup Bunkers (no more tapes)Big Pipes on DemandDownload movies to movie theatersSite replicationOptical VPN Grid Computing
EECS - UC Berkeley
OverviewPhysical technology, devicesHow are optical networks currently deployed?Customer-empowered networksNew applications, ways of doing businessHow does this change the big picture?How do we do it?What are the challenges? Payoffs?
EECS - UC Berkeley
Customer empowered netsHuge bandwidth to the enterpriseThe curbThe houseThe desktopEnd hosts can submit requirements to the network, which can then configure itself to provide that serviceIssues of APIs, costs, QoS
EECS - UC Berkeley
Changing the big pictureNow the converged network looks differentDial-up bandwidth has huge implicationsPushing bandwidth to the edges of the networkAffects service placement, for example
EECS - UC Berkeley
Bandwidth at the edgesServices placed there (ServicePoP)Need to connect services to customers and other servicesMetro networksUse of Ethernet as low cost/flexible mechanismEventually fibers to pcmcia?!
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Protocol and Services on Edge Devices InternetAccessAccessHandle ProtocolNew Services
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ServicePoPsServicePoPs act as intermediary between service provider and customerConnectivity between ServicePoP and customer more important than provider to customerFeature is very fast infrastructure
EECS - UC Berkeley
Tower box
Data
Cray Supercomputer
Tape
Town
City
ServicePoP
Metro networkswitched optical/metro ethernet
Metro networksInterim step: services in servicePoPsTap into fast connections here for enterprisesUse of Ethernet as protocol to connect the enterprise to the MANAvoid need for last mile for certain applications/services
EECS - UC Berkeley
Amazon.comvs-Amazon.co.ukOne site wants to do a software upgradeReserve 100Gbps for outage timeSend entire database over at outage time, reroute all customer requests to other siteWhen outage is over, transfer all data back to original site
EECS - UC Berkeley
Peer-to-peer
Amazon.com
Amazon.co.uk
Movie DistributionEach movie theater in a large area (SF, New York, Houston) requests 1 hour of bandwidth a week (OC192)All movies transferred during this timeEfficient use of expensive but necessary fat pipe
EECS - UC Berkeley
Minicomputer
Terminal Server
City
FDDI Ring
New type of businessesData warehousing: no more mailing tapesHave tape vaults with gigabit connectivityData is sent optically to destination, where it is written to magnetic tape
EECS - UC Berkeley
How to do itGeneralized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS)UNI: user-to-network interface as API to specify requirements, service requestsNNI: network-to-network interface acts as API between entities for service composition/path formation
EECS - UC Berkeley
How to do itInterdomain?Wavelength selection/routingExchange infoConnectivityWavelengthsQos, bandwidth requirementsSwitching instructions
EECS - UC Berkeley
Canaries approachOBGP (Optical BGP)Routers spawn virtual BGP processes that peers can connect toBy modifying BGP messages, lightpath information can be traded between ASes
EECS - UC Berkeley
BGP OPENVirtual RouterAS 123AS 456AS 123BGP OPENAS 456BGP OPEN message sent to router with information about optical capabilitiesA virtual BGP process is spawnedA BGP session is initiated independently with new BGP processThe virtual process (running on the router) configures the OXC to switch the proper optical wavelengths1)2)
EECS - UC Berkeley
Optical BGP Networks Dark fiber NetworkCity ZISP AISP BDark fiber NetworkCity XISP C Dark fiber NetworkCity YCustomer Owned Dim WavelengthISP AISP BEGPEGPEGP Wavelength Routing Arbiter& ARP ServerTo other WavelengthCloudsAS100AS200AS300AS400Figure 12.0
EECS - UC Berkeley
What is ASON?The Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) is both a framework and a technology capability.As a framework that describes a control and management architecture for an automatic switched optical transport network. As a technology, it refers to routing and signalling protocols applied to an optical network which enable dynamic path setup.Recently changed names to Automatic Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN)
EECS - UC Berkeley
Optical Network: Today vs. TomorrowAdditional SLA capabilityMesh networkAuto connection & resource mgnt Optimized IP application - current driver for transparent NWASON value addedTodayTomorrow
EECS - UC Berkeley
Applications
Protection
Topology
Management
DS3
STS-n
STS-nc
OC-48T, (OC-192T)
1GE
(134Mb/s)
140Mb/s
VC-4
VC-4-nc
NUT
Extra Traffic
Broadcast
VC-4-nv
10GE
Flexible i/f
Billing method (distance, time, bw, QoS)
Asymitric bw connections
Point-to-multipoint
sequential
2F/4F BLSR
Matched Nodes
Head end ring prot.
NUT (non-preemptive unprotected traffic mixed with protected in ring/linear)
Unprotected (extra traffic)
Protection SW time
Clear P =60ms
With ET=160ms
MN = 250ms
Wider range of SLA capability
Path diversity verifiable
Scalable to large NW size
2F/4F BLSR
Linear
1+1
1:n
Path protection
Mesh
Port connectivity
unconstrained
arbitrary
Provisioned path connection
Trail management across multiple rings
Multiple product
Auto discovery of NW configuration
Connection provisioning of paths over unconstrained line topology
No pre-provisioning of connections?
User signaling i/f for connection provisioning
Scalable to very large NW
Fast connection establishment
ASON Network ArchitectureGHAT NE: Global High Capacity transport NEASON: Automatic Switched Optical NetworkOCC: Optical Connection ControllerIrDI: Inter Domain InterfaceInterfaces:UNI: User Network InterfaceCCI: Connection Control InterfaceNNI: ASON control Node Node Interface
EECS - UC Berkeley
ASON Layer HierarchyNetwork LayerDomain/Region LayerConduit LayerFiber Layer
FibersConduit 1Conduit 2l Layerl1
lnDomain DDomain BDomain EDomain ADomain CDomain
EECS - UC Berkeley
Resilient packet ring (802.17)Put lan on top of man50ms protection
EECS - UC Berkeley
The Metro BottleneckOC-192DWDM n x lT1DS1DS3End UserAccessMetroCoreEthernet LANLL/FR/ATM1-40MegOC-12OC-48IP/DATA1GigE10GigE+Metro Access Other Sites1Gig+
EECS - UC Berkeley
RPR - Expanding the LAN to the MAN/WAN
EECS - UC Berkeley
What is RPR? Ethernet networking on Optics (STS-Nc)
EECS - UC Berkeley
Scalable Bandwidth and Services
EECS - UC Berkeley
Network & Customer ManagementCustomerEthernetPorts
EECS - UC Berkeley
Move to opticalThe key is to find a way to use the infrastructure that we have available in an efficient mannerWhat services are available? What can we do?Challenges?
EECS - UC Berkeley
The Future is Bright There is a light in the end of the tunnel
EECS - UC Berkeley
ASON connection management system consists of signaling plane, switch controller and SLC machine.
Signaling plane is the brain of ASON connection management system. It discovers the transport network topology including the available network resources (such as b/w) automatically or by pre-configuration. Upon a connection request, the signal plane will decide the connection path and inform switch controller to set-up the connection.
Switch controller is associated with each network element (OXC, ADM, ) or a group of NEs. It performs actual connection function (set-up, or tear-down connections) under the control of the signal plane. SLA machine is part of the switch controller function. It performs call administration control and billing function which off loads function from the signal plane
Four connection control interfaces are identified:UNI: The user network interface (UNI) is the interface between ASON control plane and a user such as a router, or an ATM switch, etc. A signal channel is required at this interface as a dialog channel between the user and ASON control plane for connection set up/tear down request.SCI: The signal control interface (SCI) is the interface between the connection control plane and the switch controller in a network element. The ASON signal control plane calculates the connection routes, and set up connection via switch controllers. Switch controller just execute the command from the ASON control plane. IaDI: The intra-domain interface is the interface between network elements in ASON control plane. NNI: The network network interface is the interface between ASON control planes in different administration domains. It allows the network to be partitioned into sub-networks; each sub-network is managed independently while still be able to set up end-to-end connections across multiple administration domains (sub-networks). The Optical Ethernet takes the application protocol (Native-rate Ethernet) and keeps it intact across the entire network. The limitations of TDM SONET are eliminated by dedicating SONET STS-n bandwidth to Ethernet Data applications. This allows bandwidth sharing as well as highly flexible service offerings.