2016 NCERA – 137 Soybean Diseases Final Report€¦ · The meeting of the NCERA 137 Soybean...

MinutesoftheNCERA–137SoybeanDiseasesTechnicalCommitteeMeetingMarch10-11,2016–PensacolaBeach,FL

AdministrativeAdvisor:Dr.StevenSlackDirector,OARDC1680MadisonAve.Wooster,OH44691Chair:Dr.NathanKleczewski,DepartmentofPlantandSoilSciencesandCooperativeExtension,UniversityofDelaware,Newark,DE19716Secretary:Dr.DamonSmith,DepartmentofPlantPathology,UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI53706ImmediatePastChair:Dr.HeatherYoung-Kelly,DepartmentofEntomologyandPlantPathologyTennesseeUniversityJackson,TN38301Membersandguestsinattendance:NathanKleczewski(UniversityofDelaware),HillaryMehl(VirginiaTech),EdSikora(AuburnUniversity),TonyAdesemoye(UniversityofNebraska),ScottIsard(PennsylvaniaStateUniversity),AnneDorrance(OhioStateUniversity),TomWelacky(OSACC),TristanMueller(IowaSoybeanAssociation),JohnRupe(UniversityofArkansas),AlisonRobertson(IowaStateUniversity),FebinaMathew(SouthDakotaStateUniversity),JingZhou(UniversityofArkansas),FrankZhao(UniversityofIllinois),LauraSweets(UniversityofMissouri),DeanMalvick(UniversityofMinnesota),DaniseBeadle(EurofinsAgScience),PatriciaBollich(LouisianaStateUniversityAgCenter),HeatherKelly(UniversityofTennessee),ClaytonHollier(LouisianaStateUniversityAgCenter),JimKurle(UniversityofMinnesota),StevenSlack(OhioStateUniversityandNCERA137AdministrativeAdvisor),TerryNiblack(OhioStateUniversity),TravisFaske(UniversityofArkansas),TomAllen(MississippiStateUniversity),SamMarkell(NorthDakotaStateUniversity),KierstenWise(PurdueUniversity),CarlBradley(UniversityofKentucky),DarenMueller(IowaStateUniversity),DamonSmith(UniversityofWisconsin-Madison),LorenGiesler(UniversityofNebraska),JamesHaudenshield(USDA-ARSUrbana,IL),YubaKandel(IowaStateUniversity),AhmadFakhoury(SouthernIllinoisUniversity),ArjunSubedr(SouthernIllinoisUniversity),JasonBond(SouthernIllinoisUniversity),DougJardin(KansasStateUniversity),KellyWhiting(UnitedSoybeanBoard),TreyPrice(LouisianaStateUniversityAgCenter)ThemeetingoftheNCERA137SoybeanDiseasesCommitteewasheldinPensacolaBeachFloridaattheHiltonhotelonMarch10-11,2016.Dr.NathanKleczewskiwelcomedattendeesat2:00pmonMarch10.Groupintroductionsfollowedthewelcome.Brieforalreportsonthestatusofthesoybeancropandprevalentdiseasesweregivenforeachstatewithamemberpresent.Writtenreportswerealsoprovidedandcompiledwiththefinalreport.Thefollowingpresentationsweregivenatthemeeting:• KellyWhiting:USBUpdates

1. Complimentstothegroupforstrongcooperationandworkingtogethertosolvesoybeandiseaseproblems.

2. USBvaluesthepathologistsandalltheydo.

3. USBabouttolaunchanew5-yearstrategicplan–Newfocusareasandprioritieswillbeidentifiedasthisisdeveloped.

§ “Sustainability”willlikelybeastrongfocusinthenewplan§ “Bigdata”willlikelybeanotherstrongfocusforthenewplan

4. Anotherprioritycomingwillbeanincreasedfocusondeliveringthe“message”tofarmersafterresearchiscomplete.Demonstratingapositivereturnoninvestment(ROI)fortheresearchfundedbytheUSBisgainingevenmoreimportance.

5. Morediseasemonitoringandtrackingcanhelpdeliverdiseaseinformationtothefarmer–predictivediseasemodelsmightbeahelpfulpriorityarea.

• SteveSlack-Remarksandintroductions1. NCERA137doesanexcellentjobofcollaborating;oneofthebestNCERAgroups

asfarascollaboration(ex.Soybeanrustworkersandwarningsystemthatwasaspin-offgroupfromNCERA137).

2. Alsoapplaudedthegroupforlookingatprioritiesandcombiningthesoybeanvirus,soybeanrust,andsoybeandiseaseworkinggroupbacktoonegrouptobefreshandefficient.

3. Needanannualreportdue60daysaftercompletionofmeeting4. Needaterminationreportfromthevirusgroupandthesoybeanrustgroup.

ThesereportsaredueattheendofSeptember2016. 5. TerryNiblack(OSU)willbethenewNCERA137administrativeadvisorafter

SteveSlackretiresthisfall • HillaryMehl:DevelopmentandOptimizationofaWeather-BasedDecisionAidforSoybean

FoliarFungicideApplications1. On-farmtrialswereusedtoadjustparametersforanewweather-basedmodelto

predicttheneedforfungicideapplicationattheR3soybeangrowthstage.2. Preliminarydatashowsomesuccessinpredictingfungicideapplication,however,

somerefinementisneeded• HeatherYoungKelly:TheStoryofSoybeanRustintheU.S.

1. Asynopsisofsoybeanrustresearchandmanagementprogresswasprovided • LorenGiesler:CouldtheMovementtoConventionalHerbicidesResultinMoreSeedling

DiseaseProblems? 1. Aconversationaboutthetransitionbacktoconventionalherbicidesandthe

possibleinteractionstheseproductsmighthavewithdiseaseanddiseaseassessmentinsoybean.

• JasonBond:SeedlingDiseasesofSoybeanRegionalProjects:Biology,ManagementandEducation

1. Anupdateoffundedresearchonsoybeanseedlingdiseaseswasprovidedtothefullgroup.

• TristanMueller:On-FarmEvaluationofFungicidesonSoybeansandNCSRPUpdate1. InformationaboutthemissionoftheOn-FarmNetworkwasprovided2. Datafromsoybeanfungicideon-farmtrialsfromIowawaspresented3. Datafromtheon-farmstriptrialsisverysimilartouniversitysmall-plottrials

• JingZhou:EpidemiologicalattributesofSoybeanveinnecrosisvirus--Anupdatefromrecentfindings

1. BackgroundandintroductionofSVNVwasprovided2. SoybeanthripsisanefficientvectorofSVNV3. WesternflowerthripswereshownnottobeabletotransmitSVNVincontrolled

experiments4. Ivy-leafmorninggloryseemstobeagoodalternativehostforbothSVNVand

soybeanthrips5. Demonstrated100%transmissionefficiencyofSVNVtokudzuusingsoybean

thrips6. ShowedthatSVNVcanbesystemicinmixedvirusinfectionwithBPMVandSMV

• CarlBradley-FungicidemanagementoffrogeyeleafspotcausedbyQoI-resistantCercosporasojina

1. AnupdateofUSBfundedfrogeyeleafspotandstrobilurinresistancefieldresearchwaspresented

• AnneDorrance:QTLsforResistancetosoilbornepathogensofsoybean1. LargeamountofvariabilityinisolatesofPhytophthoraandPythiuminmany

northcentralandeasternstateswhereisolateswerecollected2. LotsofgenotypicvariabilityinPhytophthorasojaeisolates3. Needtocontinuebreedingeffortsforselectingandaccuratelycharacterizing

oomyceteresistanceinsoybean • AlisonRobertson:oomyceteCAPSprojectupdate

1. DiversespeciesofPythiumisolatesidentifiedinagronomicfields2. Diversearrayofisolatesalsomeansthattherearespeciesthatcaninfect

soybeansacrossawiderangeofsoiltemperatures3. Chilver’slabisalsoworkingoncharacterizingoomycetefungicidesensitivityto

seedtreatmentfungicides4. Chilver’slabhasalsodevelopedaseriesofmoleculardiagnostictechniquesto

identifyspeciesofPhytophthora • DamonSmith:Stemdiseasesandprojectupdatesintroduction

1. ProvidedanintroductiontonewresearchintheNorthCentralregionsponsoredbytheUSBandNCSRP

2. Outlinedprojectsunderwaytobetterunderstandthere-emergenceofstemdiseasesofsoybeanintheNorthCentralRegion

• FebinaMathew:SoybeanStemCanker:OverviewofRecentResearchDevelopments1. DescribednewexperimentstocharacterizethespeciesprofileoftheDiaporthe

complexintheNorthCentralRegion2. AdiscussionofthecurrentnamesofspeciesinvolvedintheDiaporthecomplex

followed • DeanMalvick:MacroandMicroSoybeanResponsestotheStealthDiseaseBrownStemRot

1. Apresentationofrecentresearchonbrownstemrotinsoybeanandsomemanagementpracticeupdateswereprovided.

• TomAllen:Screeningcommercialsoybeangermplasmforresistancetosouthernstemcanker

1. DescribedthestemcankersituationintheMississippiDelta2. Providedasynopsisofresearchinvestigatingresistancetostemcankerin

southernsoybeancultivars • DamonSmith,MartinChilvers,andMamadouFall:UpdateonSclerotiniaStemRot

EpidemiologyandForecastingResearch1. Detailedinformationpertainingtofungicideevaluationsforwhitemoldcontrol,

andalsoapothecialmappingandpredictionmodeldevelopmentwaspresentedtothegroup

2. Improvementstothemodelingeffortswerediscussedamongthegroup• MartyDraper-UpdatesfromNIFA

1. ProvidedadetailedupdateonupcomingNIFAfundingopportunities2. ProvidedseveralsuggestionsoncriticalpointsdesiredbyNIFAfundingpanelsto

improvethepossibilityofobtainingfundingwhensubmittingproposals–besuretofollowthespecifiedguidelines

BusinessMeeting:Motiontoapprovetheminutesfrom2015:Dr.DougJardinemovedtoapprove.Dr.TonyAdesemoyeseconded.Themotionpassedwithunanimousvote.SecretaryNomination: AnominationforsecretarywassubmittedbyDr.DamonSmith.ThenomineewasDr.DarenMueller.Dr.Mulleracceptedthenomination.Othernominationswererequested.Withnoothernominations,Dr.TomAllenmadethemotionthatDr.Muellershouldbetheincomingsecretary(2016)andfuturecommitteechair(2017).Dr.DougJardinesecondedthemotion.Dr.Muellerwaselectedunanimouslybyvoicevote.MeetingLocation:Dr.DamonSmithsuggestedthatthe2017NCERA137meetingmightbeheldinconjunctionwiththeWorldSoybeanCongressinSavannah,GA.TheWorldSoybeanCongressistobeheldonSeptember10-16,2017.GiventhedatesoftheWorldSoybeanCongress,thegroupfeltthatthiswasnotagoodtimeoftheyearfortheNCERA137tomeet.Dr.TomAllensuggestedthatNCERA137mightagainmeetinconjunctionwiththeSouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkersmeetingtobeheldonMarch8-9,2017inPensacolaBeachFlorida.Dr.AnneDorrancemadethemotionthatNCERA137meetstartingintheafternoononMarch7,2017inPensacolaBeachwiththemeetingtoproceedtothemorningofMarch8,2017.TheSouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkersmeetingwouldcommenceontheafternoonofMarch8,2017.Dr.TravisFaskesecondedthemotion.Themotionpassedunanimouslybyvoicevote.Dr.SmithwillworkwithrepresentativesoftheSouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkerstoplanthe2017NCERA137meeting.

OtherAnnouncements:Dr.AnneDorranceannouncedthattheSoy2016meetingwouldbeheldinColumbusOhioonAugust7-10,2016.Recognition:Dr.StevenSlackwasrecognizedastheNCERA137AdministrativeAdvisor.HewascongratulatedonhisretirementwithagiftofappreciationpresentedbyDr.LauraSweetsandDr.AnneDorranceandhonoredwithastandingovationforhisyearsofexcellentservicetoNCERA137.Adjournment:Amotiontoadjournthe2016NCERA137wasmadebyDr.TomAllenat11:00am.ThemotionwassecondedbyDr.TravisFaske.

StateReports,State-BasedImpactStatementsandPublications

Alabama

EdwardSikora,ExtensionPlantPathologist,AuburnUniversity

AuburnUniversitypersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:EdSikora,DennisDelaney,KassieConner,AlanaJacobson,MaryDelaneyJohhMurphy,JoeKemble

InAlabamaatotalof500,000acresofsoybeanswereplantedin2015with490,000acresharvested.Thestatewideaverageyieldwas41.0bushelsperacre.

ThespringwasverywetinAlabamaforcingsomeverylateplantingsofsoybeaninthestate.TheweatherturnedhotanddryfromlateJulythroughearlyOctoberresultinginavarietyofsoybeandiseasestodevelopduringtheseason.Charcoalrotandstemcankerwerethemostdamagingdiseasenotedduringtheseason.A90%yieldlosswasreportedfromafieldincentralAlabamamostlikelyfromcharcoalrot.Stemcankerwasalsoayield-reduceronsusceptiblevarietiesthroughoutmuchofcentralAlabama.Frogeyeleafspotwasthemostcommonfoliardiseaseobservedin2015andresultedingrowersincentralandNorthAlabamasprayingforthepathogen.Soybeanrustwasobservedlateintheseasonbutresultedinonlyminoryieldlossesindouble-croppedsoybeansinafewcounties.SoybeanVeinNecrosisViruscontinuedtobeaconcerninNorthAlabamawhereincidenceof80-100%wascommoninfieldsinNorthAlabamaandthediseaseappearedtobeincreasinginwasbecomingmorevisibleincentralandsouthwestAlabama.

ImpactStatements

1. Tookpartinamulti-stateefforttodeterminetheimpactofsoybeanveinnecrosisdisease(SVND)onsoybeanyieldandseedquality.SVNDeffectsseedqualityprimarilybyreducingseedoilcontent.

2. Conductedameta-analysisstudyonyieldandfungicidestodeterminetheoptimumtimingoffungicideapplicationformanagementofsoybeanrustandotherfoliardiseasesofsoybeaninthesoutheast.Inaddition,topperformingfungicideproductswereidentified.

Refereedjournalarticlesandbooks/bookchapters.

Hartman,G.L.,Rupe,J.C.,Sikora,E.F.,Domier,L.L.,Davis,J.A.,andSteffey,K.L.2015.CompendiumofSoybeanDiseasesandPests.APSPress.AmericanPhytopathologicalSociety,St.Paul,Minnesota,U.S.A.

Hartman,G.L.,E.J.SikoraandJ.C.Rupe.2015.Rust.In:CompendiumofSoybeanDiseasesandPests(5thEdition)

Symposiaandconferencepublications.

Sikora,E.J.,K.ConnerandL.Zhang.2015.MonitoringforSoybeanVeinNecrosisVirusinAlabama(2014).ProceedingsoftheSouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkers42ndAnnualMeeting,Pensacola,FL.

ExperimentStationpublications

Sikora,E.J.,M.A.DelaneyandD.P.Delaney.2015.EvaluationoffoliarapplicationofFORTRIXforcontrolofsoybeanrust,2013.PlantDiseaseManagementReports9:STF.

Sikora,E.J.,M.A.DelaneyandD.P.Delaney.2015.EvaluationoffoliarapplicationsofTopguardSCforcontrolofsoybeanrust,2013.PlantDiseaseManagementReports9:STF.

DelaneyD.P.,E.J.SikoraandM.A.Delaney.2015.Evaluationoffoliarfungicidesforcontrolofsoybeanrust,2013.PlantDiseaseManagementReports9:STF.

DelaneyD.P.,E.J.SikoraandM.A.Delaney.2015.Evaluationoffungicidesforcontrolofsoybeanrust,2013.PlantDiseaseManagementReports9:STF.

Extensionpublications,factsheetsandE-alerts

Sikora,E.J.FrogeyeleafspotAlert:EmailAlert

Sikora,E.J.ManagementoffrogeyeleafspotinAlabama;EmailAlert

Sikora,E.J.Stemcankerofsoybeans;EmailAlert

Sikora,E.J.CharcoalrotandSuddenDeathSyndromeonsoybeans:EmailAlert

Sikora,E.J.SoybeanIPMrecommendationsforsoybeansinAlabama,2015(revision)

Arkansas

TravisFaske,ExtensionPlantPathologist,UniversityofArkansasSystemsDivisionofAgriculture

UniversityofArkansaspersonnelinvolvedwithNCERA137objectives:TravisFaskeandJohnRupeForthe2015croppingseason3.2millionacresofsoybeanwereplantedwith3.17millionacresharvested.Theaverageyieldwas49bu/A,whichisonebushellowerthan2014.Threeproducersexceeded100bu/Ayieldcontestagainin2015withthehighestaverageof108bu/A.

Environmentalconditionswereunseasonablycoolforthestartofthe2015croppingseason,whichcontributedtomoreseedlingdiseaseconcernsthannormal.ManyoftheseissueswereinteractionwithorsolelycausedbyPPOherbicides.Stemcankerweredetectedasindividualscatteredplantsinafewfields,whichismorethanusual.ThesouthernRKNisourmostyieldlimitingissueandmostimportantsoybeannematodeinArkansas.Manycottonfarmersoptedtoplantsoybean,whichcontributedtoahigheryieldlossbyRKNthaninpreviousyears.Othersoilbornediseaseissuesconsistedofcharcoalrotinthesouthernpartofthestatewhereneardroughtconditionspersistedduringmid-season.FrogeyeleafsspotcontinuestobethemostproblematicfoliardiseaseandQoI-resistantstrainshavenowbeendetectedin27counties,whichplantover90%oftheArkansassoybeancrop.Soybeanrustdidreturntothestatein2015andwasdetectedin14counties.Asinpreviousyearthisdiseasearrivedtoolatetoaffectthe2015soybeancrop.Ofthefoliarsoybeandisease,targetspotandbrownspotweremorefrequentlydetectedinnorthcentralArkansas.

JournalArticlesAbstracts:Faske,T.R.2015.AssessmentofSeveralCommerciallyAvailableTriazoleandPremixFungicidesforManagementofFrogeyeLeafSpotinArkansas.ProceedingsoftheSouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkersAnnualMeeting;March11-12;Pensacola,FL.Pp.36Jackson,C.S.andFaske,T.R.2015.AssessmentoffluopyramformanagementofMeloidogyneincognitaonsoybean.Phytopathology105:S2.5.

ProceedingsAllen,T.W.,Damicone,J.P.,Dufault,N.S.,Faske,T.R.,Hershman,D.E.,Hollier,C.A.,Isakeit,T.,Kemerait,R.C.,Kleczewski,N.M.,Koenning,S.R.,Mehl,H.L.,Mueller,J.D.,Overstreet,C.,Price,P.P.,Sikora,E.J.,andYoung,H.2015.SouthernUnitedStatesSoybeanDiseaseLoss

Estimatesfor2014.ProceedingsoftheSouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkersAnnualMeeting;March11-12;Pensacola,FL.Pp.10-15.

PlantDiseaseManagementReportsEmerson,M.,Faske,T.R.,andHurd,K.2015.EvaluationofAffianceandDomarkforcontroloffrogeyeleafspotofsoybeaninArkansas,2014.PDMR9:FC134.

Emerson,M.,Faske,T.R.,andHurd,K.2015.EvaluationofanexperimentalfoliarfungicideforcontroloffrogeyeleafspotofsoybeaninArkansas,2014.PDMR9:FC133.

Emerson,M.,Faske,T.R.,andHurd,K.2015.EvaluationofStrategoYLDformanagementoffrogeyeleafspotofsoybeaninArkansas,2014.PDMR9:FC135.

Emerson,M.,Faske,T.R.,andHurd,K.2015.EvaluationofCercobinandTopsinonsoybeansformanagementoffrogeyeleafspotinArkansas,2014.PDMR9:FC132.

ExtensionPublications:

Faske,T.R.SoybeanrustspreadinginArkansas,Univ.ofArkansasRowCropsBlog(9/21)

Faske,T.R.SoybeanrustreturnstoMid-South,buthasyettobedetectedinArkansas,Univ.ofArkansasRowCropsBlog(9/8)Faske,T.R.Keypointstoconsiderforfrogeyeleafspotcontrol,Univ.ofArkansasRowCropsBlog(8/21)Faske,T.R.Triazolephytotoxicityvs.suddendeathsyndromesymptoms15onsoybean,Univ.ofArkansasRowCropsBlog(8/14)

Faske,T.R.Soybeanseedlingdiseasevs.herbicideinjury,Univ.ofArkansasRowCropsBlog(5/19)

Delaware

NathanKleczewski,ExtensionPlantPathologist,UniversityofDelaware

UniversityofDelawarepersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:NathanKleczewski,AndyKness,ChristopherRamage,NathanSmith

InDelawareatotalof175,000acresofsoybeanswereplantedin2015,down10,000acresfrom2014.Statewideaverageswere40bu/A,downfrom47.5bu/Ain2014.Approximately50,000acreswereirrigated,andyielded48.5bu/Avs36.5bu/Afordrylandbeans.

2015wascharacterizedbyprolongedperiodsofdry,hotweathersurroundedbybriefpatchesofheavyrain.Consequently,growerswithirrigationwereabletocompensateforthelackofwaterduringcrucialperiodsofplantgrowth,resultingintheroughly12bu/Aincreaseinproductionwhencomparingirrigatedtodrylandbeans.Septoriabrownspotwasobservedinthelowercanopiesofsomecultivars,butoftenwasnotatlevelsthatwouldhavecausedasignificantlossinyield.Downymildewwaspresentatlowlevelsinsomeareaswithpoorairfloworirrigatedareas,butquicklydissipatedwhentemperaturesincreased.Frogeyeleafspotwaspresentatverylowlevelsinfewfields,mostlythosereceivingsupplementalirrigation.Charcoalrotwaspresentinmanydrylandfields,andRKNcausedsignificantdamageinfieldsinSussexandDovercounties.Soybeancystnematodecontinuestobedetectedthroughoutthestate,andfewcontroloptionsareavailabletogrowersduetolackofalternativeresistancesources.Althoughtherewassomestemcankerpresent,itwasoftennotpossibletodetermineitsimpactonyieldasmanyfieldswereseverelyinfestedwithDectesstemborerlateintheseason.Greenstemwasalsoprevalentthroughoutthestate,butthiswasbelievedtobearesultofenvironmentalfactors,notduetopestorpathogenissues.SVNVwasdetectedinthemajorityoffields,withdoublecropbeansbeingmoreseverelyimpactedthanfullseasonbeans.Otherviruseswerenotedbutnotidentified,butwerelikelySMV,tobaccoringspot,andorAMV.Aunique,“Orangespot”symptomwasagainnotedinsomefields.

ImpactStatements

1. ConductedasurveyandsmallplotresearchonSVNVinDelawareandMaryland.Showedthatdoublecropbeansmaybemoreseverelyaffectedbythevirus,thatvarietiesdifferinsymptomexpression,andthatsymptoms,intermsofaffectedfoliageintheupper1/3ofthecanopy,correlatednegativelywithyieldinvarietiestested.Sequentialinsecticidetreatmentsinresearchplotsreducedthripsbutdidnotimpactviralspread,indicatingthatifmanagementisrequired,itlikelywillberelatedtoplantingdateandvarietyselection.

2. Developedmultiplesoybeandiseasefactsheetsavailableforprintingandviewing3. Conductedsoybeantrialsforwhitemoldandbrownspot.Datawereusedfortraining

growersonappropriatetimingandproductselectionformanagingwhitemold.Datawasalsosharedwithotherresearchersaspartofalargescalemetaanalysisoffungicidetimingsinwhitemoldmanagement.

4. IsolatedPhytophthoracapsicifromsoybeanstems.Althoughtheorganismdoesnotappeartobepathogenicinsoybeans,itisanissueinvegetableproduction.IntheprocessofcompletingpreliminaryexperimentstodeterminepotentialimpactonP.capsiciepidemiology.

ResearchPublications,ExtensionArticles,andVideos

AbstractsandPosters

1. N.M.Kleczewski,B.Cissel,andJ.Whalen.OccurrenceandImpactofSoybeanVeinNecrosisDiseaseinDelawareSoybeans.NEMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSociety,Philadelphia,PA,2015.

Extension/Outreachpublications/blogs/webarticles(Totalof28)

1. Kleczewski,N.M.andK.Everts.2016.2015AppliedPlantPathologyResearchBook.2. Kness,A.,andKleczewski,N.M.Charcoalrotinsoybeans.UniversityofDelaware

CooperativeExtensionFactsheet.Availableat3. Kness,A.andKleczewski,N.M.2015.RootKnotNematodeonSoybean.Universityof

DelawareCooperativeExtensionFactsheet.Availableat:http://extension.udel.edu/factsheets/root-knot-nematode-in-soybeans/

4. Kleczewski,N.M.,Mehl,H.etal.2015.PestManagementGuide:FieldCrops.VirginiaTechCooperativeExtension(updatedannually).(Availableonlineat:http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/456/456-016/456-016.html)Fieldcropsdiseasemanagementblog–10articlespertainingtosoybeandiseasemanagementlocatedat:http://extension.udel.edu/fieldcropdisease/WeeklyCropUpdate-14articlespertainingtosoybeandiseasemanagement.Online

archiveslocatedat:http://extension.udel.edu/weeklycropupdate/

IndianaKierstenWise,ExtensionPlantPathologist,PurdueUniversityPurduepersonnelinvolvedwithsoybeandiseaseactivities:KierstenWise,VirginiaFerris,JamalFaghihi,GailRuhl,andTomCreswell

In2015,approximately5.5millionacresofIndianacroplandwereinsoybeanproduction.Theaverageyieldwas50bu/A,whichwassimilarto2013-2014totalsforproductionandyield.

Theimpactofsoil-bornediseasesofsoybeanwashighin2015.Excessiverainfallandcool,wetconditionsinearlyspringresultedinseedlingdiseaseproblemsacrossmostofthestate.Foliardiseasessuchasbrownspot,frogeyeleafspot,anddownymildewwerepresent,butatlowlevelsthroughoutthestate.Suddendeathsyndrome(SDS)waspatchyinareas,butwasnotassevereas2014.Brownstemrotandstemcankerwerealsopresent,andmayhavelimitedyieldinsomefields.Soybeanveinnecrosisvirus(SVNV)waspresent,andwaswidespreadacrossthestate,butnotsevere.Personnelparticipatedinmonitoringforsoybeandiseases,includingsoybeanrust,anddistributeddiseaseobservationsthroughthePurduePestandCropNewsletter.

ImpactStatement:

1. Ledamulti-stateefforttodetermineenvironmentalandproductionfactorsthatinfluencecharcoalrotdevelopmentinsoybean.

2. Examinedimpactofproductionfactors,suchasplantingdate,fungicideseedtreatment,irrigation,herbicideprogram,andvarietyselectiononsuddendeathsyndromedevelopmentinsoybean.

3. Indianaparticipatedinmulti-statesoybeanseedlingsamplingprojectstodeterminetheprevalenceanddistributionofsoil-bornefungiandfungal-likeorganismsassociatedwithseedlingblight.

Publications:

Dorrance,A.E.,Kurle,J.*,Robertson,A.E.,Bradley,C.,Giesler,L.,Wise,K.andConcibido,V.C.2016.PathotypediversityofPhytophthorasojaeintenstatesintheUnitedStates.PlantDisease.(Inpress).

Sexton,Z.,Hughes,T.J.,andWise,K.A.*2016.AnalyzingisolatevariabilityofMacrophominaphaseolinafromaregionalperspective.CropProtection.(Inpress)

Olson,T.R.,Gebreil,A.,Micijevic,A.,Bradley,C.A.,Wise,K.A.,Mueller,D.S.,Chilvers,M.I.,andMathew,F.M.*2015.AssociationofDiaporthelongicollawithblackzonelinesonmaturesoybean(GlycinemaxL.)plants.PlantHealthProgress.doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-15-0020.KandelY.R.,Bradley,C.A.,Wise,K.A.,Chilvers,M.I.,Tenuta,A.U.,Davis,V.M.,Esker,P.D.,SmithD.L.,LichtM.A.andMueller,D.S.2015.Effectofglyphosateapplicationonsuddendeathsyndromeofglyphosate-resistantsoybeanunderdifferentfieldconditions.PlantDis.99:347-354.

ExtensionPublications:

Tenuta,A.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,MuellerD.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.,Wise,K.2015.ScoutingforCommonSoybeanDiseases.CPN-1001.Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.,Tenuta,A.2015.ScoutingforSoybeanStemDiseases.CPN-1002.Bloomingdale,C.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Groves,R.,Mueller,D.,Smith,D.,Tenuta,A.,Wise,K.2013(Revised2015).SoybeanVeinNecrosisVirus.CPN-1003.Smith,D.,Chilvers,M.,Dorrance,A.,Hughes,T.,Mueller,D.,Niblack,T.,Wise,K.2015.CharcoalRot.CPN-1004.

Mueller,D.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Esker,P.,Malvick,D.,Peltier,A.,Sisson,A.,Wise,K.2015.WhiteMold.CPN-1005.Wise,K.,Bradley,C.A.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Smith,D.,Tenuta,A.2015.StemCanker.CPN-1006.Mueller,D.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Smith,D.,Tenuta,A.,andWise,K.2015.PodandstemblightandPhomopsisseeddecay.CPN-1007.Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Giesler,L.Johnson,B.,Legleiter,T.,Licht,M.,Mueller,D.,Noveroske,A.Sisson,A.,Tenuta,A.,Young-Kelly,H.2015.SoybeanSeedlingDiseasesCPN-1008.Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.Giesler,L.Johnson,B.,Legleiter,T.,Licht,M.,Mueller,D.,Noveroske,A.Sisson,A.,Tenuta,A.,Young-Kelly,H.2015.ScoutingforSoybeanSeedlingDiseases.CPN-1009.

Mueller,D.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Sisson,A.,Tenuta,A.,Wise,K.2015.ScoutingforWhiteMoldinSoybean.CPN-1010.Wise,K.,andmembersoftheNCERA-137SoybeanDiseaseCommittee.2014,revised2015.FungicideEfficacyfortheControlofSoybeanSeedlingDiseasesBP-163-WWise,K.andmembersoftheNCERA-137SoybeanDiseaseCommittee.20132014,revised2015.FungicideEfficacyforControlofFoliarSoybeanDiseases.BP-162-W

DarenMueller,ExtensionPlantPathologist,IowaStateUniversityIowaStateUniversitypersonnelinvolvedwithsoybeandiseaseactivities:LeonorLeandro,AlisonRobertson,GregTylka,X.B.Yang

Themajorsoybeanproblemsin2015weresuddendeathsyndrome,whitemoldandsoybeancystnematode.Stemcankerwasalsomoreprevalentthanintypicalyears.DiseasesthatpresentbutnotasseverewereSeptoriabrownspot,downymildew,Phyllostictaleafspot,andsomeviruses(tobaccostreak,soybeanveinnecrosisandsoybeandwarf).

ImpactStatements

IowaStatehasledamulti-stateprojectfocusedonmanagementofsuddendeathsyndromeofsoybean.ThefoundationalmanagementstrategyforSDSisusingresistantcultivars.However,inyearssuchas2010and2014,whenenvironmentalconditionsarefavorablefordiseasedevelopment,itisevidentthatresistancealonedoesnotprovideadequatecontrolorreducefarmerrisksufficiently.Also,SDScontinuestomoveintonewareas.Thus,themaingoalofthisprojectistoinvestigatemanagementoptionsthatwillhelpensureresistantcultivarswillbeaseffectiveaspossibletherebyreducingriskaswellasprovidingfarmerswithmaximumeconomicreturnontheirinvestmenteveninunusuallyconduciveSDSconditions.Heresomehighlightsfromthesestudies.

1. ExaminedtheeffectofglyphosateonSDS.StudyhasbeenpublishedinPlantDisease.StudyofeffectofinteractionbetweenherbicideandseedtreatmentonSDSisongoing.Wecollectedandanalyzedthefirstyeardata.

2. Completedamulti-labstudyevaluatingperformanceofsixqPCRassaysdevelopedforF.virguliforme.ThemanuscriptwassubmittedforpublicationtoPhytopathology.Inthisstudy,wecomparedthestrengthsandweaknessofallsixassaysunderdifferentresearchfacilitiesintermsoftheirspecificity,sensitivity,andconsistencyandalsoidentifiedaneffectiveprotocolforbetterdiagnosisandquantifySDSpathogen.Tosummarize,assaysdifferedintheirperformancesandalsotheperformanceofthesameassayvariedamongthelaboratories.AnassaydevelopedinChilverslabshowedthehighestsensitivityandthesecondhighestspecificity,andthusissuggestedasthemostusefulqPCRassayforF.virguliforme.ThisassayiscurrentlybeingusedforquantifyingF.virguliformepopulationinrootandsoilinotherobjectives.

3. IdentifiedseedtreatmentstoreduceSDSfoliarsymptoms.WecompletedastudyevaluatingplantingdateandseedtreatmenteffectonSDSdevelopment.Manuscriptsarebeingwrittentopeer-reviewedjournals.Tosummarize,ILeVOseedtreatmentreduceddiseaseseverityandincreasedyieldnearlyinallplantingsandcultivars,withamaximumyieldresponseupto21%(RolandIowa).EffectofplantingdateonfoliarSDSsymptomswasinconclusive.AlthoughMid-Juneplantingsdidnothavehigherdisease

thanearlyplantingsityieldedlowergrainupto19bu/AcomparedtoearlyMayplantings.

4. CollectedSCN,SDSandyielddatafromallparticipatingstatesanddataanalysisisbeingdone.

5. Testedthesusceptibilityof16covercropsspeciestoinfectionbyF.virguliforme.Foundthatlegumespeciestendtobesusceptibletoinfection,whereasgrassesandbrassicasarenot.

6. ConductedstudiestodeterminetheroleofethyleneonSDS.FoundthatapplicationoftheethyleneinducerethephontosoybeanreducesSDSseverity,andthatethephontreatmentresultsinoverexpressionofsoybeandefenserelatedgenes.

7. Presentedourpreliminaryresearchatprofessionalmeetings,onPlantManagementNetwork,gavenationalandinternationalseminars,mediainterviews,talkinfielddaysandconferencesforfarmersandalsopublishedinstatenewsletterarticles,20+mediareleasesetc.Tocommunicatewithresearchers,wealsopublishedorareintheprocessofpublishinginpeer-reviewedjournals.Wealsohadseveralpressreleases,includingsomejointlywithNCSRP,basedonresultsfromthisproject(e.g.,glyphosatestudy,ILeVOstudy).

IowaStatealsocollaboratesonmulti-stateprojectsregardingsoybeanseedlingdiseasepathogens.Asseedpricesincrease,farmersseedratesaredecreasing.Adecadeago,farmersweresowing>200,000seedperacre;todaytheyaresowing140,000to160,000.Moreover,farmersareplantingearlier,whichmeanssoilsareoftencoolerandwetter.Thisincreasestheriskofseedlingdisease.Consequentlyseedtreatmentuseisontheincrease.Thegoalofthesestudiesistoidentifywhatspeciesareseedlingpathogensandtoimproveourknowledgeoftheeffectofenvironmentandmanagementpracticesonseedlingdisease.ISUhighlightsfromthesestudiesinclude:

1. TemperatureaffectspathogenicityandfungicidesensitivityoffourPythiumspeciesrecoveredinIowa.ThisstudywaspublishedinPlantDisease.Wehavejustfinishedscreeningrepresentativeisolatesofthesefourspeciesfromthenorthcentralregionandaresummarizingdataandpreparingamanuscript.

2. CommercialseedtreatmentswereevaluatedatthreelocationsinIowain2014and2015.Despiteplantingearlyandpriortoaweeklongprecipitationeventandsoiltemperaturesdroppingbelow50F,noeffectofseedtreatmentonemergenceandyieldwasdetected.Thistrialisbeingrepeatedin2017,withinoculatedandnon-inoculatedplots.The2015datawerepublishedintheICMNewsletter(www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews)and2015datawillbepublishedinSpring2016.

3. TheNAMparentswerescreenedforresistancetofivespeciesofPythium.Resistancewasdetectedinsomeparents.Amanuscripthasbeenprepared.WearecurrentlyscreeningtheNAMRILpopulationstoidentifyQTLforresistancetoPythium.

4. PreliminaryexperimentssuggestcoldtolerancethatoccurssoonafterplantingincreasesthesusceptibilityofsoybeantoinfectionbyPythiumspecies.Researchisunderwaytoexaminetimingandlengthofcoldstress,effectofgerminationgrowthstageofsoybean

andeffectofseedtreatmentsonsusceptibilitytoPythiuminfection.5. Over50isolatesofP.sojaeweresequenced.Wearecurrentlyassemblingdataandwill

comparediversityamongstAvrlocitoimproveourunderstandingoftheevolutionofthispathogeninthepresenceofresistance(Rpsgenesandpartialresistance)insoybean.

6. Datafromtheseresearchweresharedinthreeonlinepaneldiscussions,andatfivefielddays/farmermeetings(~600participants).

7. CharacterizedthephenotypicvariationwithinF.oxysporumfromsoybean.FoundthatF.isolatesvaryinaggressivenessonsoybeanandthatthereisanisolatebysoybeangenotypeinteraction.

8. IdentifiedsoybeangenotypeswithdifferentlevelsofresistancetoF.oxysporum9. DeterminedtheeffectoftemperatureandpHonaggressivenessofF.oxysporum

isolates

PUBLICATIONS

BooksandRefereedPublications

1. Zhang,J,Singh,Ar.,Mueller,D.andSingh,As.2015.Genome-wideassociationandepistasisstudiesunravelthegeneticarchitectureofsuddendeathsyndromeresistanceinsoybean.ThePlantJournal.84:1124–1136.doi:10.1111/tpj.13069

2. KandelY.R.,Haudenshield,J.S.,SrourA.Y.,Fakhoury,A.M.,ChilversM.I.,WangJ.,Santos,P.,HartmanG.L.,Malvick,D.K.,Floyd,C.M.,Mueller,D.S.andLeandro,L.F.S.2015.Multi-labcomparisonofsixquantitativePCRassaysfordetectionandquantificationofFusariumvirguliformefromsoybeanrootsandsoil.Phytopathology.105:1601-1611.

3. Olson,T.R.,Gebreil,A.,Micijevic,A.,Bradley,C.A.,Wise,K.A.,Mueller,D.S.,Chilvers,M.I.,andMathew,F.M.2015.AssociationofDiaporthelongicollawithblackzonelinesonmaturesoybeanplants.PlantHealthProgressdoi:10.1094/PHP-RS-15-0020

4. Kandel,Y.,Bradley,C.A.,Wise,K.A.,Chilvers,M.,Tenuta,A.,Davis,V.M.,Esker,P.E.,Smith,D.L.,Licht,M.A.,andMueller,D.S.2015.Effectofglyphosateapplicationonsuddendeathsyndromeofsoybeanunderdifferentfieldconditions.PlantDisease.99:347-354.

5. Kanobe,C.,M.T.McCarville,M.E.O’Neal,G.L.Tylka,andG.C.MacIntosh.2015.Soybeanaphidinfestationinduceschangesinfattyacidmetabolisminsoybean.PLoSONE10(12):e0145660.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145660.

6. Kurle,J.,Dorrance,A.E.,Robertson,A.E.,Bradley,C.,Giesler,L.andWise,K.PathotypediversityofPhytophthorasojaeintenstatesintheUnitedStates.PlantDisease(inpress).

7. Matthiesen,R.,Abeysekara,N.,Maroof,S.andRobertsonA.E.CombiningisolatestoscreenfornovelsourcesofresistancetoPhytophthorasojaeinsoybean.PlantDis.(inpress)

8. Matthiesen,R.,Ahmad,A.andRobertson,A.E.2016.TemperatureaffectsvirulenceandfungicidesensitivityoffourspeciesofPythiumoncornandsoybean.PlantDis.(inpress)AvailableonlineasPlantDisease“FirstLook”:http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0487-RE

9. Stewart,S.,Robertson,A.E.Wickramasinghe,D,Michel,A.andDorranceA.E.2016.PopulationstructureamongandwithinIowa,Missouri,OhioandSouthDakotapopulationsofPhytophthorasojae.PlantDis.100:367-379

10. Hartman,G.L.,Leandro,L.F.S.andJ.C.Rupe.2015.SuddenDeathSyndrome.Pages:in:CompendiumofSoybeanDiseasesandPests,Hartmanetal.eds.,5thEd.APSpress,St.Paul,MN.

11. Hartman,G.L.,Chang,H.-X.,andL.F.S.Leandro.2015.ResearchAdvancesandManagementofSoybeanSuddenDeathSyndrome.CropProtection73:60-66

Abstracts

1. Phillips,X.A.andMueller,D.S.2015.Greenstemdisorderandtheeffectoffungicideapplicationandstress.NorthCentralAmericanPhytopathologicalSociety.Lansing,MI.

2. Silva,G.A.,Leandro,L.,Mueller,D.2015.Rootrot-likesymptomscausedbygrain-basedinoculumsubstrates.AmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyAnnualMeeting,Pasedena,CA.

3. Kandel,Y.R.,Wise,K.A.,Bradley,C.A.,Tenuta,A.U.,Leandro,L.F.S.,Mueller,D.S.2015.Influenceofplantingdate,seedtreatmentandcultivaronplantstand,suddendeathsyndrome,andyieldofsoybean.AmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyAnnualMeeting,Pasedena,CA.

4. KobayashiLeonel,R.,Leandro,L.F.,andMueller,D.2015.EvaluationofcovercropsusceptibilitytoFusariumvirguliforme,thecausalagentofsuddendeathsyndromeofsoybeanAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyAnnualMeeting,Pasedena,CA.

5. Groves,C.,German,T.,Dasgupta,R.Mueller,D.andSmithD.2015.Issoybeanveinnecrosisvirus(SVNV)seedtransmitted?XthInternationalSymposiumonThysanopteraandTospoviruses.PacificGrove,CA.

6. Acharya,K.,E.Byamukama,andG.L.Tylka.2015.DeterminingHeteroderaglycinesHGtypestoimprovesoybeancystnematodemanagementinSouthDakota.Proceedingsofthe2015AnnualMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSociety,August1-6,2015.

7. Beeman,A.andG.L.Tylka.2015.EffectsofILeVOandVOTiVOseedtreatmentsonhatching,motilityandrootpenetrationofthesoybeancystnematode.Proceedingsofthe2015AnnualMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSociety,August1-6,2015.

8. Clifton,E.H.,E.W.Hodgson,G.L.Tylka,andA.J.Gassmann.2015.Proceedingsofthe2015NorthCentralBranchMeetingoftheEntomologicalSocietyofAmerica.

9. Tylka,G.,C.C.Marett,A.E.Robertson,M.Serrano,andT.A.Mueller.2015.EffectsofClarivaseedtreatmentonsoybeancystnematode(Heteroderaglycines)populationdensitiesandsoybeanyieldsinIowain2014.Proceedingsofthe2015AnnualMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSociety,August1-6,2015.

10. Lerch,E.R.,Dorrance,A.E.andRobertson,A.E.2015.ScreeningtheNAMparentsforresistancetomultiplePythiumspecies.Phytopathology105(Suppl.4)S4:81

11. Matthiesen,R.,Morgan,M.,Fakhoury,A.andRobertson,A.E.2015.AntagonisticactivityofpotentialbiocontrolagentsscreenedagainstPythiumspp.thatcauseseedlingdisease.Phytopathology105(Suppl.4)S4:90.

12. Matthiesen,R.,Chilvers,M.andRobertson,A.E.2015.PathogenicityofPythiumspeciesfromtheNorthcentralregiononsoybeanandcornscreenedattwotemperatures.Phytopathology105(Suppl.4)S4:90

13. Rojas,A.,Jacobs,J.L.,Bradley,C.A.,Malvick,D.M.,Nelson,B.D.,Robertson,A.E.,Tenuta,A.U.,Wise,K.A.,Giesler,L.,Jardine,D.,Rupe,J.andChilvers,M.2015.Oomycetecommunitydiversity;Thesoybeanrootrotcomplex.Phytopathology105(Suppl.4)S4:92

14. Serrano,M.andRobertson,A.E.2015.Chiilinginjuryduringimbibitionofsoybeanseedincreasesincidenceofdamping-offcausedbyP.torulosum.Phytopathology105(Suppl.4)S4:125.

15. Abdelsamad,N.,MacIntosh,G.,andL.F.S.Leandro.2015.Ethyleneelicitssoybeandefenseresponsesandreducessymptomsofsuddendeathsyndrome.Phytopathology105:S4.1.

16. Cruz,D.R.,Leandro,L.F.S.,andG.P.Munkvold.2015.EffectsoftemperatureandpHonFusariumoxysporumandsoybeanseedlingdisease.Phytopathology105:S4.31

Extensionpublications1. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Smith,D.,andTenuta,

A.2015.SoybeanDiseaseManagement:StemCanker.CropProtectionNetwork.CPN10062. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Johnson,B.,Legleiter,T.,Licht,M.,Mueller,D.,

Noveroske,A.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.,Tenuta,A.,andYoung-Kelly,H.2015.SoybeanDiseaseManagement:ScoutingforSoybeanSeedlingDiseasesandDisorders.CropProtectionNetwork.CPN1009.

3. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.andTenuta,A.2015.SoybeanDiseaseManagement:ScoutingforSoybeanStemDiseases.CropProtectionNetwork.CPN1002.

4. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Johnson,B.,Legleiter,T.,Licht,M.,Mueller,D.,Noveroske,A.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.,Tenuta,A.,andYoung-Kelley,H.2015.SoybeanDiseaseManagement:SoybeanSeedlingDiseases.CropProtectionNetwork.CPN1008

5. Tenuta,A.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Sisson,A.,andWise,K.2015.SoybeanDiseaseManagement:ScoutingforCommonSoybeanSeedDiseases.CropProtectionNetwork.CPN1001.

6. Smith,D.,Chilvers,M.,Dorrance,A.,Hughes,T.,Mueller,D.,Niblack,T.,andWise,K.2015.SoybeanDiseaseManagement:CharcoalRot.CropProtectionNetwork.CPN1004

7. Tylka,G.L.andM.P.Mullaney.2015.Soybeancystnematode-resistantsoybeansforIowa.IowaStateUniversityExtensionPublicationPM1649,28pp.

8. Tylka,G.L.,G.D.Gebhart,C.C.Marett,andM.P.Mullaney.2015.EvaluationofsoybeanvarietiesresistanttosoybeancystnematodeinIowa–2015.IowaStateUniversityExtension,publicationIPM52,32pp.

9. Kandell,Y.,Robertson,A.,Zaworski,E.,Chilvers,M.,Dorrance,A.EandBestor,N.2015.PhytophthoraRootRotofSoybean.CPN10-14.IowaStateUniversityExtensionandOutreach.

Kansas

DougJardine,ExtensionPlantPathologist,KansasStateUniversity

KansasStateUniversitypersonnelinvolvedwithsoybeandiseaseactivities:ChrisLittle(SoybeanPathology-Research),TimTodd(Nematology),HaroldTrick(PlantBiotechnology),BillSchapaugh(SoybeanBreeding)

Kansassoybeanproductionfor2015totaled148.6millionbushels,up4percentfrom2014.Yield,at38.5bushelsperacrewasup2.5bushelsfromayearearlier.Areaforharvest,at3.86millionacres,wasdown3percentfrom2014.ThereductioninplantedacreswastheresultofconsistentrainsinMayandJunethatcausedsomefarmerstoabandonplantingintentions.Diseaselossestimatesforthestatewere3.6percent,whichwasthelowestsinceestimateswerebegunin1995.TimelyrainsinAugustreducedcharcoalrottoanegligiblelevelof0.1percent,wellbelowtheannualaverageof5.5percent.Lossesfromseedlingblight(2%)andSCN(1.0%)madeupthebulkofthestate’sdiseaselosses.

ImpactStatements

1. "Metagenomics"and"metabarcoding"analysisofthesoybeanseedmicrobiomehasrevealedamorecompletecatalogoforganismsinseedsamplesandspecificseedtissuesthantheculture-basedapproachesofthepast.Analysisofseedtissues(coat,cotyledons,embryoaxis)showedthatdifferentspeciescolonizetheseseedtissuesatsignificantlydifferentlevels.

2. IthasbeendiscoveredthatF.proliferatumcausesseedlingdiseaseundermoreacidic(pH5.5)andwarmertemperatures(30ºC)thantheaverageformanyotherFusariumspp.Also,increasedsoilphosphoruscontent,siltytextures,andsoybeanrotationsaftersorghumtendtofavorhigherF.proliferatumpopulations.ManyoftheisolatesofF.proliferatumtestedhavesomedegreeoffludioxonilresistancealso.

3. Ithasbeendemonstratedthatearlyplantingdates(e.g.5Mayto19May)resultsinthehighestSDSseverity,buttheyieldbumpfromearlierplantingappearstomitigatediseaseimpacts.

4. UsingcomparativegenomicsofMacrophominaphaseolina isolates fromdifferenthostspecies (including soybean), it has been demonstrated that there are differences inunique proteins among isolates, genome size variability, and differential genomeidentitiescomparedtothesequencedM.phaseolinareferencegenome.

Publications

1. Adee, E., Ruiz Diaz, D.A., and Little, C.R. 2016. Effect of soil test and phosphorusfertilization on soybean sudden death syndrome severity. Crop, Forage, & TurfgrassManagement2:Inpress.

2. Pedrozo, R., Fenoglio, J.J., and Little, C.R. 2015. First report of seedborne Fusariumfujikuroi causing seed rot and seedling blight on soybean (Glycinemax) in theUnitedStates.PlantDisease99:1865.

3. Jardine,D.J.,E.Adee,andG.Sassenrath.2015.EffectsofseedprotectionchemicalsonstandandyieldofsoybeansinKansas,2014.PlantDis.Mgmt.Reports.9:ST001

4. Ciampitti, I., RuizDiaz,D., Jardine,D., Peterson,D.,Whitworth, R.J., andD.H. Rogers.2015.KansasSoybeanManagement2014.K-StateResearchandExtensionPublicationMF3154(Revised)January2015

5. DamonSmith;AdamSisson,AlbertTenuta,AnneDorrance,CarlBradley,DarenMueller,DeanMalvick,DougJardine,EmmanuelByamukama,KierstenWise,LauraSweets,LorenGiesler, Marty Chilvers, Sam Markell, Teresa Hughes, Terry Niblack. 2015. SoybeanDiseaseManagement:CharcoalRot,CropProtectionNetwork1004

PresentationsandAbstracts

1.Radwan,O.,Little,C.R,andHartman,G."Wholegenomesequencingandcomparativegenomics of five isolates ofMacrophomina phaseolina isolated from agronomic andprairieplantspecies."(PlantandAnimalGenomeXXIV,SanDiego,California;January9-13,2016)

2.Little,C.R.,Adee,E.,andPresley,D."Influencesofplantingdate,ILeVOseedtreatment,rootstructure,andsoilcompactionuponSDSinKansas."(KansasSoybeanCommission,Topeka,Kansas;December16,2015)

3.Little,C.R."Fusariumexperiments inKansas." (USB/NCSRPSoybeanSeedlingDiseasesMeeting,St.Louis,MO;November4,2015)

4.Little,C.R."GermplasmscreeningandseedtreatmentefficacyagainstFusariumprolifer-atum." (USB/NCSRP Soybean Seedling DiseasesMeeting, St. Louis,MO; November 4,2015)

5. Pedrozo,R.,andLittle,C.R.2015.TheinterestingcaseofsoybeanseedborneFusariumspp.:fromidentitytopathogenicity.Phytopathology105:S4.109.

6. Rojas,A.,Jacobs,J.L.,Bradley,C.A.,Malvick,D.M.,Nelson,B.D.,Robertson,A.,Tenuta,A.U., Wise, K.A., Giesler, L., Jardine, D., Rupe, J. and M. Chilvers. 2015. Oomycete

communitydiversity,Thesoybeanrootrotcomplex.APSAnnualMeeting,Pasadena,CA,Abstract42-S

Louisiana

TreyPrice,Extension/ResearchPlantPathologist/LSUAgCenter

LSUAgCenterpersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:TreyPrice,MyraPurvis,HunterPruitt,ClaytonHollier,PatriciaBollich,RaySchneider,ClarkRobertson,RonnieLevy,BlairBuckley,CharlieOverstreet

Frogeyeleafspot(FLS)wasthemostprevalentfoliardiseasein2015withCercosporaleafblight(CLB)followingclosebehind.Wehavefungicideresistanceissueswithbothofthesepathogenpopulations,whichleavesuswithlimitedmanagementoptions,particularlyforCLB.Forthisreason,soybeanfoliardiseasemanagementwithfungicidesshouldbeapproachedreactivelyinsteadofproactively.Surprisingly,in2015acoupleoffungicidetreatmentshadsignificantefficacyonCLB.Wewilllookcloselyatthesecompoundsnextyeartoconfirmconsistency.Fortunately,triazolefungicidesremaineffectiveonFLS,andthereareresistantvarietiesavailabletomanagethisdisease.WecontinuedtosearchforvarietiesresistanttoCLB,andweresuccessfulinidentifyingahandfulthatshowedpromisein2015.Varietyselectionisthebestwaytoproactivelymanagefoliardiseasesinsoybean.HopefullywewillbeabletotestthesevarietiesinmorelocationsincooperationwithDr.BlairBuckleyandothersthroughoutthemid-southtospeed-upthebreedingprocess.

Taprootdecline(TRD)continuedtobethepredominantsoilborneissueinLouisianain2015.Anecdotalinformationindicatesreducedincidenceandseveritywithrotationand/ortillage.Seedtreatmentefficacyforthisdiseaseisunknown.WewillcontinuetoworkcloselywithproducerstodetermineyieldlossesassociatedwithTRD.

Othernoteworthyissuesinthestatein2015included:aerialblight,anthracnose,brownspot,rootknotnematode,soybeanrust,stemcanker,suddendeathsyndrome,andtargetspot.

Throughoutthe2015growingseason,werespondedtoapproximately300phonecallsandtextmessages,manyofwhichresultedinfieldvisits,laboratorydiagnostics,orcollaborativeopportunities.Weparticipatedin13growermeetingsand9fielddaysthroughouttheyeartoextendresultsofourresearcheffortstostakeholders.

Publications

Albu,S.,Price,P.,Doyle,V.,Schneider,R.W.2015.MolecularcharacterizationoftheG143AmutationleadingtoQoIfungicideresistanceamongfungalpathogenscausingCercosporaleafblightandpurpleseedstainonsoybean.Proc.SouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkers.17.

Gauthier,N.A.,Schneider,R.W.,Chanda,A.,Silva,E.C.,Price,P.,andCai,G.Cercosporaleafblightandpurpleseedstain.In:CompendiumofSoybeanDiseasesandPests,FifthEdition.APSPress,St.Paul,MN.38-41.

Price,P.2015.Frogeyeleafspotprevalentagainin2015.LouisianaCropsNewsletter.5,7:1-5.

Price,P.,Hollier,C.,andLevy,R.2015.2015Soybeanre-capanddiseaseupdate.LouisianaCropsNewsletter.5,9:5-8.

Price,P.2015.FungicideresistanceintheCercosporaleafblightandpurpleseedstainpathogenofsoybean.PlantManagementNetworkWebcastontheSoybeanFungicideResistanceHub.

Price,P.,Padgett,G.B.,andM.A.Purvis.2015.TheeffectofselectedfungicidesonfrogeyeleafspotinLouisiana,2014.PlantDis.Manag.Rep.9:FC037.

Price,P.2015.Diseaseconcernsinmid-southsoybeanproduction.Proc.NationalConservationSystemsCotton&RiceConference.53-54.

Price,P.,Purvis,M.A.,Cai,G.,Padgett,G.B.,Robertson,C.L.,Schneider,R.W.,andAlbu,S.2015.FungicideresistanceinCercosporakikuchii,asoybeanpathogen.PlantDis.99:1596-1603.

Price,P.,Purvis,M.A.,Pruitt,H.,Hollier,C.,Schneider,R.W.,Groth,D.,andPadgett,G.B.2015.PrevalenceoffungicideresistanceinLouisianasoybeanandrice.PhytopathologySuppl.2.105:S2.9.

Singh,R.,Price,P.,Padgett,G.B.,andBurks,T.2015.FirstreportofsuddendeathsyndromeofsoybeancausedbyFusariumvirguliformeinLouisiana.PlantHealthProgress.doi:10.1094/PHP-BR-15-0031.

Minnesota

DeanMalvick,ExtensionPlantPathologist,UniversityofMinnesota

UniversityofMinnesotapersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:Dr.SenyuChen,Dr.JamesKurle,andDr.DeanMalvick.Dept.ofPlantPathology;andDr.AaronLorenzOrf.Dept.ofAgronomyandPlantGenetics(breeding)

In2015,7.6millionacresofsoybeanwereharvestedinMinnesotaovertheproductionareathatextendsfromtheIowatoManitobaborders.Averagestateyieldwas~50bu/acre,whichisabout8bu/acremorethanin2014.Diseaseandcropchallengesvariedoverthislargearea.Inmostareasitwasagoodyearforsoybeanproductionwithadequaterainfall,generallymoderatetolowtemperatures,andminimalperiodswithenvironmentalcropstress.Whitemoldwasthemostwidespreadandtalked-aboutsoybeandiseaseinMNthisyear.WetweatherduringfloweringperiodsinJulyalongwithrelativelycooltemperaturesinmanyareaswerefavorable,especiallyinwetareasofsouthernMNvs.thedrierareasinthenorthwest.FrequentrainsinsouthernMNalsofavoredsuddendeathsyndrome(SDS,however,delayeddevelopmentofthediseaseinAugustreduceditsimpactonyieldlossinmanyareas.Weatherconditionswerealsofavorablefordevelopmentofbrownstemrot(BSR)inpartsofMN.Othersoybeandiseasesalsooccurredatnotablelevelsinsomefields,includingpodandstemblightinwesternMNanddownymildewinNorthwesternMN.OneofthemostcommonsoybeandiseasesinthepasttwoyearsinMinnesotawasRhizoctoniarootrot,butthiswasaminorproblemin2015.

ImpactStatements

1. ThePythiumspeciesthatinfectsoybeanrootsinMinnesotasoybeanfieldsareverydiverse.Theycandifferentiallydecreasesoybeanandcornrootgrowthoverarangeofcoolandwarmtemperatures,anddifferentfungicidesareinconsistentinreducingtheirgrowth.

2. Ourstudiesindicatethatsignificantinteractionscanoccurbetweenseveralsoilbornefungalpathogensofsoybean,whichmayhavestrongimplicationsfordiseasemanagementandresearchonkeydiseases.

3. AssociationmappingandgenomicpredictionhasidentifiednovellociforresistancetosuddendeathsyndromeandwasshowntobeusefulforimprovementofgeneticresistancetoSDSinearlymaturingsoybeangermplasm.

4. Publications

Peer-reviewedResearchArticles

1. Kandel,Y.,Haudenshield,J.,Srour,A.Y.,Islam,K.T.,Fakhoury,A.M.,Santos,P.,Wang,J.,Chilvers,M.I.,Hartman,G.,Malvick,D.K.,Floyd,C.M.,Mueller.D.,andLeandro.L.

2015.Multi-laboratorycomparisonofquantitativePCRassaysfordetectionandquantificationofFusariumvirguliformefromsoybeanrootsandsoil.Phytopathology,105:1601-1611.

2. Bajaj,R.,Hu,W.,Huang,Y.,Chen,S.,Prasad,R.,Varma,A.,&Bushley,K.E.(2015).ThebeneficialrootendophytePiriformosporaindicareduceseggdensityofthesoybeancystnematode.BiologicalControl,90,193–199.

3. Bao,Y.,Kurle,J.E.,Anderson,G.,&Young,N.D.(2015).Associationmappingandgenomicpredictionforresistancetosuddendeathsyndromeinearlymaturingsoybeangermplasm.MolecularBreeding,35(6),1–14.

AbstractsandPosters1. Srour,A.Y.,Leonardo,L.,Malvick,D.,andFakhoury,A.2015.Unravelingthemicrobial

profileoftherhizosphereofSDS-suppressivesoilsinsoybeanfields.PresentedattheNationalMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeetinginPasadena,CA.

2. Floyd,C.M.andMalvick,D.K.2015.InteractionsbetweenFusariumvirguliformeandothercommonfungalpathogensinsoybeanrootrotcomplexes.PresentedattheNationalMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeetinginPasadena,CA.

3. L.Radmer,G.Anderson,D.K.Malvick,andJ.E.Kurle.2015.PythiumspeciesfromMinnesotasoybeanfields,theirrelativepathogenicitytosoybeansandcorn,andtheirsensitivitytoseedtreatmentfungicides.PresentedattheNationalMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeetinginPasadena,CA.

4. Floyd,C.M.andMalvick,D.K.2015.InteractionsbetweenCadophoragregata(brownstemrot)andFusariumspp.insoybeanplants.PresentedattheNorthCentralDivisionAPSMeetinginLansing,MI.

5. ROJAS,A.,Jacobs,J.L.,Bradley,C.A.,Malvick,D.K.,Nelson,B.D.Robertson,Tenuta,A.U.,Wise,K.A.,Giesler,L.,Jardine,D.,Rupe,J.,andChilvers,M.I.2015.Oomycetecommunitydiversity:Thesoybeanrootrotcomplex.PresentedattheNationalMeetingoftheAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeetinginPasadena,CA.

BookChapter

1. D.K.Malvick,C.R.Grau,andL.E.Gray.2015.Brownstemrot,pp.64-67,In:CompendiumofSoybeanDiseases,5thEdition.G.Hartman,J.Rupe,L.Domier,E.Sikora,K.Steffey,andJ.Davis,eds.APSPress.St.Paul.201pp.

Missouri

LauraSweets,ExtensionPlantPathologist,UniversityofMissouri

Areaplantedtosoybean,at4.55millionacres,wasdown19percentfrom2014.Theharvestedarea,at4.48millionacres,wasdown20percentfromlastyear.Thesoybeanyieldwasestimatedat40.5bushelsperacre,down6bushelsfrom2014.Productionisestimatedat181millionbushels,down30percentfromthepreviousyear.

The2015seasonwasanextremelychallengingoneforsoybeanproducersinMissouri.Althoughtheyearstartedoutonthedrysidethatchangedrapidly.Bymid-Aprilwetconditionshaddelayedcornplantingbyalmost50percentofthefive-yearaverage.Soybeanplantingdidn’treallygetunderwayuntilmid-May,slightlybehindthefive-yearaverage.ByJune1soybeanplantinghadprogressedto23percentcomplete,comparedto74percentforthepreviousyearand57percentforthefive-yearaverage.ThistrendcontinuedandbyJuly6soybeanplantinghadprogressedto73percentcomplete,comparedto94percentforthepreviousyearand97percentforthefive-yearaverage.Theprimaryreasonforthismajordecreaseinsoybeanacreswaspreventedplantingduetoextendedcool,wetconditions.Approximately1.3millionacresintendedforsoybeanswerenotplantedduetounfavorableenvironmentalconditions.

The2015seasonwasanextremelychallengingoneforsoybeanproducersinMissouri.Thewetconditionsledtopoorstandswithsaturatedsoils,oxygendeprivationandPythiumdiseasescontributingtoseeddecay,damping-offandseedlingmortality.SampleswithPhytophthora,FusariumandRhizoctoniarootrotswerealsoreceivedinthePlantDiagnosticLaboratory.

Inspiteofthewetconditions,foliagediseaseswereneitherwidespreadnorsevere.Septoriabrownspotwasunusuallylowinbothincidenceandseverity.Frogeyeleafspotwasalsoquitelowinincidenceandseverity.DownymildewcameinquitelateintheseasonbutduringSeptemberwasveryprevalentintheuppercanopyofmanyfields.SoybeanrustwasnotconfirmedinMissouriduringthe2015season.Soybeanveinnecrosisviruswasnotfounduntillateintheseasonandtheninextremelylowlevels.

Suddendeathsyndromehadbeenamajorissuethroughoutthestateduringthe2014season.SDSdiddevelopin2015butnotnearlytotheextentofthepreviousyear.Itcameinlateenoughintheseasontheyieldlossesinmostfieldswerelow.

Soybeancystnematodecontinuestobeamajorprobleminsoybeanproductionthroughoutthestate.GrowersseemtobelievethatresistantvarietieshavecontrolledSCN.AlthoughtherehavebeendocumentedcasesparticularlyinthesouthwestregionofthestateofSCNpopulationsachievinghighreproductionratesonPI-88788varieties.

Publications

ExtensionManuals:

Bradley,Kevin,LauraE.Sweets,WayneC.Bailey,andMoneenJonesandJamesW.Heiser.2015.2015Missouripestmanagementguide:corn,grainsorghum,soybean,winterwheat,riceandcotton.UniversityofMissouriExtensionpublicationM171.241pp.

2015NewsletterArticles:AllarticlespublishedintheUniversityofMissouri’sIntegratedPestandCropManagementNewsletter,V.25.Similarcontributionsmadeinpreviousyears.

Sweets,L.E.Earlyseasonsoybeandiseases-May

Sweets,L.E.SDSandotherlateseasonsoybeandiseases-September

NorthDakota

SamMarkell,ExtensionPlantPathologist,NorthDakotaStateUniversity

ThegeographicalexpansionofsoybeancystnematodecontinuestooccurinNorthDakota.Egglevelonfirstdetectionarecommonlyhigh(inexcessof10,000eggs/100cc).Themajorityofvarietiesavailableinmaturitygroupslessthan0.6aresusceptible,placinggrowersinaprecariouspositioniftheyarenotmanagingSCN.Exacerbatingtheproblem0.75Mto1.0Macresofdryediblebeansaregrownintheregions.

Rootsrotsremainasignificantprobleminthestate.Whitemoldwaslowinfrequencyandseverityin2015.EconomiclosstofoliardiseasesisveryrareinNorthDakota.However,significantamounts(prevalenceinfieldsandhighseverityinsomefields)ofdownymildewwasobservedinfieldsacrossthenorthernthirdofthestate.Itisunclearifyieldlossduetodiseasepressureoccurred,but,Iestimatethatatleast10,000-20,000acresweresprayedwithfungicidesinanefforttomanagethedisease.TheprimarychemicalusedwasAproach(DuPont).

SoybeanproductioninNorthDakotacontinuestoincreaseinacreageandexpandintonewareas.In2015,NASSrankedND4thinoverallacreagewith5.4MA,withanaverageyieldofapproximately32bu/A.

ResearchPublications:

Mathew,F.,M.,Castelbury,L.,A.,Jordahl,J.G.,Taylor,C.,A.,Meyer,S.,M.,Lamppa,R.S.,Pasche,J.,A.,andMarkell,S.,G.2015.IdentificationofDiaporthelongicollaondryediblepeas,dryediblebeansandsoybeansinNorthDakota.PlantHealthProgressdoi:10.1094/PHP-RV-14-0045.

Abstracts/Proceedings:

Markell,S.,Jordahl,J.,Meyer,S.,Glogoza,P.andKnudson,M.2015.IncreasinggrowerawarenessandmonitoringspreadofHeteroderaglycinesinNorthDakota,USA.XVIIIInternationalPlantProtectionCongress.Berlin,Germany.August24-27th,2015(Talk).

Yan,G.P.,Markell,S.,Nelson,B.J.,Helms,T.C.,andOsorno,J.M.2015.ThestatusofsoybeancystnematodeoccurrenceandmanagementinNorthDakota.Pages126-127inAbstractsof54thAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyofNematologists,EastLansing,MI,July19-24.(Poster).

TradeMagazineArticles:

Markell,S.2015.SCNsamplingprogramQandA.NorthDakotaSoybeanGrowerMagazine.Vol.4(4):29.

Nelson,B.,Yan,G.,Markell,S.,andPasche,J.2015.Sampleyoursoilforsoybeancystnematode!Northarvestbeangrowermagazine.Vol.21(3):28-29.

Pasche,J.,andMarkell,S.2015.Dryediblebeandiseaseresearch.Northarvestbeangrowermagazine.Vol.21(2):37-39.

Markell.S.2015.IncreasingawarenessofsoybeancystnematodeinNorthDakota.NorthDakotaSoybeanCouncil2015ResearchUpdate.P28.

Podcast:

‘Soybeancystnematode’radiopodcast.RecordedonAugust17th,2015anddistributedtotheNorthDakotaSoybeanCouncillistserveonAugust18th,2015.

ExtensionPresentations:

12/2/15 BroadleafCropsDiseaseControlUpdate

Fargo,ND NDSU/UMCommercialpesticideApplicatorTraining

12/2/15 SeedTreatmentUpdate(withAndrewFriskop)

Fargo,ND NDSU/UMCommercialpesticideApplicatorTraining

12/1/15 Soybeancystnematode–Aspreadingproblem

Fargo,ND NorthernAgExpo 70

10/9/15 Plantpathologyprimer Fargo,ND+videolocations

MasterGardenercourse

9/11/15 Managingsoybeancystnematodewithseedtreatments

Hankinson,ND

RichlandCountysoybeancystnematodefieldday

9/11/15 Theimportanceandbiologyofsoybeancystnematode

Hankinson,ND

RichlandCountysoybeancystnematodefieldday

Galesburg,ND

TraillCountysoybeancystnematodefieldday

Galesburg,ND

TraillCountysoybeancystnematodefieldday

9/8/15 Soybeandiseases Lisbon,ND RansomCountysoybeanvarietyplottour

Absaraka,ND

CassCountysoybeancystnematodefieldday

Absaraka,ND

CassCountysoybeancystnematodefieldday

9/3/15 Soybeandiseases:Trailertwo Carrington,ND

CarringtonResearchExtensionCenterannualrowcroptour

9/3/15 Soybeandiseases:Trailerone Carrington,ND

CarringtonResearchExtensionCenterannualrowcroptour

9/2/15 Soybeandiseases Mooreton,ND

RichlandCountyVarietyPlotTour

7/17/15 PlantpathologyinNorthDakota–researchanddiseasefocusinSEND.

Fargo,ND NorthDakotaStateCollegeofScienceFieldDay

7/17/15 PlantpathologyinNorthDakota–ResearchanddiseasefocusoncentralNDcrops.

Fargo,ND BismarckStateUniversityFieldDay

3/4/15 Handson:Soybeandiseases Mandan,ND

WesternCropScoutSchool

2/25/15 Handson:Soybeandiseases Fargo,ND EasternCropScoutSchool

2/24/15 Theimportanceofpestmanagement

Fargo,ND EasternCropScoutSchool

2/19/15 Understandingandmanagingrootrots

GrandForks,ND

InternationalCropExpo

2/5/15 SCN:whereitisandhowwemanageit

GrandForks,ND

BestoftheBest 325

2/4/15 SCN:sourcesofresistanceandnematicides

Moorhead,MN

BestoftheBest 196

1/30/15 Diseasemanagementinsoybeans

PortagelaPrairie,MB

GettingitRight 200

1/15/15 Soybeandiseases:emphasisnewgrowers

Newburg,ND

GettingitRight 50

1/15/15 Soybeandiseases:emphasisonNWcroprotation

Minot,ND GettingitRight 80

1/14/15 Soybeandisease:emphasisondrybeanrotations

Underwood,ND

GettingitRight 50

1/13/15 Soybeandiseases:emphasisonSCN

Streeter,ND

GettingitRight 28

1/9/15 Broadleafplantdiseases Fargo,ND CCATrainingPrep 25

AnneE.Dorrance,ProfessorandResearch-ExtensionPlantPathologist,TheOhioStateUniversity

TheOhioStateUniversitypersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:

DorranceLab:CliftonMartin(ResearchAssociate,nowwithOSUEMuskinghamCounty),DamithaWickramasinghe(ResearchAssociate,nowwithBayerCropSciences),DelorisVeney(ResearchAssistant),LindaWeber(ResearchAssistant),JonellWinger(ResearchAssistant),AnnaStasko(GraduateResearchAssociate),JaquelineHuzarNovakowski(GraduateResearchAssociate),MeredithEyre(GraduateResearchAssociate),CassidyGedling(GraduateResearchAssociate),KelseyScott(GraduateResearchAssociate),AmilcarLoyoVargas(GraduateResearchAssociate);

JohnSchoenhals,ElizabethRoche,BrianKleinke(MastersinPlantHealthManagementProgram)

Dr.FengQu,AssociateProfessor

Dr.ChrisTaylor,AssociateProfessor

Dr.TerryNiblack,Professor

Niblacklab:HoracioNicoraLopez(GraduateResearchAssociate,co-adviseDorrance)

MajorDiseases.Diseaseconditionsduring2015:Thefieldseasonwasagainabitchallenging,especiallyduringplanting.HeavyrainsintheendofJune(>18”)insomefieldsprovidedperfectenvironmentalconditionsforsoybeanseedlingblight.Coolweatherandrainsduringfloweringalsoappearedforwhitemoldinsoybeanthisyear,howeverdroughtconditionsduringJulydrasticallylimiteddiseasedevelopmentexceptinafewfields.TherewerealsoreportsandlossesduetoPhytophthorastemandrootrotandfrogeyeleafspot.Suddendeathsyndromewasatverylowlevelsinfieldswithalonghistoryofthisdisease.

Therewere4,750,000and4,740,000plantedandharvested,respectivelytosoybeaninOhioduring2015,whichisdownfromthepreviousyear,butstillamongthehighest.Moreimportantly,astatewideyieldaverageof50bu/AasofMarch26,2016fromtheNationalAgriculturalStatisticsService.

ImpactStatements

1. Fromseedlingswithsymptomsofdamping-offthatwererecoveredfromaffectedfields,recoveredanumberofPythiumspp.thatweremetalaxylinsensitive.

2. Scoutedfieldsandmaderecommendationstosprayfungicidestomanagefrogeyeleafspotandwhitemoldonsusceptiblevarietiesinfieldswithalonghistoryofbothdiseases.

3. EvaluatedalargenumberofseedtreatmentcompoundsforefficacytowardsPhytophthorasojaeandPythiumspp.Continuedtoexpandlistofavailableproductswithgoodefficacytowardsthesepathogens.

4. IdentifiednovelmajorQTLforF.graminearuminplantintroductionsalongwithmarkerstouseinintrogressingthistraitintohighyieldingvarieties.

5. Completedseveralcollaborativestudieswhichlookedattheendosymbiontthatresidesinsoybeanaphid,rootarchitectureinapopulationthatisalsosegregatingforresistancetoP.sojaeandhighdensitymolecularmapinoneofoursoybeanpopulations.

6. Identified,again,thatfungicidesonlyprovideyieldbenefitswhendiseaseispresent(Bluckstudy)

Publications

Cassone,B.J.,Redinbaugh,M.,Dorrance,A.E.,andMichel,A.2015.ShiftsinBuchneraaphidicoladensityinsoybeanaphids(Aphisglycines)feedingonvirus-infectedsoybean.InsectMolecBiol.24:422-431.

Bluck,G.M.,Lindsey,L.E.,Dorrance,A.E.,Metzger,J.D.2015.SoybeanyieldresponsetoRhizobiainoculant,gypsum,manganesefertilizer,insecticide,andfungicide.Agron.J.107:1757-1765.

Acharya,B.,Lee,S.,RoufMian,M.A.,Jun,T.,McHale,L.K.,Michel,A.P.,andDorrance,A.E.2015.Identificationandmappingofquantitativetraitloci(QTL)conferringresistancetoFusariumgraminearumfromsoybeanPI567301B.Theor.Appl.Genet.128:827-838.

Prince,S.J.,Song,L.,Qiu,D.,MaldonadodosSantos,J.V.,Chai,C.,Joshi,T.,Patil,G.,Valliyodan,B.,Vuong,T.D.,Murphy,M.,Krampis,K.,Tucker,D.M.,Biyashev,R.,Dorrance,A.E.,SaghaiMaroof,M.A.,Xu,D.,Shannon,J.G.,andNguyen,H.T.2015.Geneticvariantsinrootarchitecture-relatedgenesinaGlycinesojaaccession,apotentialresourcetoimprovecultivatedsoybean.BMCGenomics16:132.doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1334-6

LeeS,FreewaltKR,McHaleLK,SongQ,JunT-H,MichelAP,DorranceAE,MianMAR.2015.Ahigh-resolutiongeneticlinkagemapofsoybeanbasedon357recombinantinbredlinesgenotypedwithBARCSoySNP6K.MolBreeding35:58

SouthDakotaFebinaMathew,OilseedPlantPathologist,SouthDakotaStateUniversity

SouthDakotaStateUniversitypersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:FebinaMathew,EmmanuelByamukama,ConnieStrunk,andConnieTande.

InSouthDakotatotalof5.15Millionacresofsoybeanwereplantedin2015with5.12millionacresharvested(USDA-NASS2016).Soybeanproductionreachedanaverageyieldof46bushelsperharvestedacrein2015,comparedto45bushelsperharvestedacrein2014.

Mostsoybeanacreswereplantedbymid-to-lateMayinSouthDakotain2015.However,mostareasofthestatereceivedrainfallsinlateMayandearlyJune,resultinginplantingdelays.Somestrong storms earlier this summer brought wind and hail damage to soybean fields innortheasternSouthDakota.WeatherbecamehotanddryinJuly,thenturnedcoolandwetinAugustandSeptember.TheseweatherconditionsledtomoderatelevelsofbacterialdiseasesandSeptoriabrownspotthroughouttheseason.Whitemold,Suddendeathsyndrome,Brownstemrot,Phytophthora,andStemcankerwasscatteredacrossthestateandimpactedasmallportionoftheacreageinSouthDakota.Soybeancystnematodewasconfirmedingreaterthan85%ofthesoybeanproductionarea(~29counties)asof2015.

ImpactStatements

1. Soybeandiseaseupdateswereprovidedtoproducers,cropconsultantsandotherstakeholdersthroughoutthe2015soybeangrowingseason.

2. Soybeancystnematodemanagementinformationwasdisseminatedtoproducersandcropconsultants.ThishasledtoanincreaseinSCNtestsamplesubmission.

3. Fungicideefficacytrialsbothforseedandfoliartreatmentswereconductedin2015andsummariesfromthesetrialshavepresentedatgrowermeetings.

4. ResearchPublications,ExtensionArticles,andVideos

RefereedJournals1. Olson,T.R.,Gebreil,A.,Micijevic,A.,Bradley,C.A.,Wise,K.A.,Mueller,D.S.,Chilvers,

M.I.,andMathew,F.M.2015.AssociationofDiaporthelongicollawithblackzonelinesonmaturesoybeanplants.PlantHealthProgressdoi:10.1094/PHP-RS-15-0020.

2. Mathew,F.M.,Tande,C.,Gebreil,A.,Byamukama,E.,Osborne,L.,andDraper,M.2015.FirstreportofBrownstemrotofsoybean(GlycinemaxL.)causedbyPhialophoragregatainSouthDakota.PlantDisease99:8.

Abstracts1. Okello, P., Gebreil, A., Olson, T., Kontz, B., Micijevic, A., and Mathew, F. 2015.

PathogenicityofDiaporthespeciesinfectingsoybeans(GlycinemaxL.)inSouthDakota.Phytopathology105:S4.103.

2. Posch, J., Varenhorst, A., and Mathew, F. 2015. Interaction between soybean cystnematode and stem canker pathogens. 11th Annual Ag Outlook conference andtradeshow, South Dakota Soybean Association, Sioux Falls, SD. December 10, 2015(Poster).

3. Okello, P., Singh, A., and Mathew, F. 2015. Evaluation of soybean germplasm forresistancetoFusariumproliferatum.11thAnnualAgOutlookconferenceandtradeshow,SouthDakotaSoybeanAssociation,SiouxFalls,SD.December10,2015(Poster).

4. Chowdhury,R.,Byamukama,E.,andMathew,F.2015.Phytophthorasojaepathotypesoccurring in SouthDakota.11thAnnualAgOutlook conferenceand tradeshow, SouthDakotaSoybeanAssociation,SiouxFalls,SD.December10,2015(Poster).

5. Hernandez-Perez,O.,andByamukama,E.2015.TillageeffectonpopulationdensitiesofHeteroderaglycinesintheUnitedStates:Areview.CSSA/SSA/ASAAnnualMeeting,MinneapolisMN.

6. Acharya,K.,Byamukama,E.andTylka,G.DeterminationofHeteroderaglycinestypesforimprovedsoybeancystnematodemanagementinSouthDakota.APSMeeting,Pasadena,CA.

7. AcharyaK.,Byamukama,E.andTylka,G.2015.GreenhouseassessmentofcommercialsoybeancultivarforresistanceagainstPopularH.glycinespopulationsofSouthDakota.AgOutlookConference,SiouxFalls,SD.

ProceedingsofConferences

1. Mathew,F.,Okello,P.,Gebreil,A.,andDeneke,D.2015. Surveyof fungaldiseases incommercial soybean fields in South Dakota. Proceedings of the 8th InternationalIntegrated Pest Management Symposium. Salt Lake City, UT. March 23-26th, 2015(Poster).

2. Gebreil,A.,Micijevic,A.,Weber,A.,andMathew,F.2015.CharacterizationofDiaporthespecies infectingsoybeans (Glycinemax L.) inSouthDakota. Proceedingsof the100thAnniversaryMeetingofSouthDakotaAcademyofScience,Oacoma,SD(Inpress).

Extension/Outreachpublications1. Mathew, F. 2015. Sudden death syndrome appearing in South Dakota soybeans. The

SoybeanLeaderMagazine.January/February2015.2. Tenuta,A.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Geisler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Smith,D.,and

Wise,K.2015.Scoutingforcommonsoybeanseeddiseases.CropManagementNetworkCPN-1001.

3. Wise, K., Bradley, C., Chilvers,M., Geisler, L.,Mathew, F.,Mueller, D., Smith, D., andTenuta,A.2015.Scoutingforsoybeanstemdiseases.CropManagementNetworkCPN-1002.

4. Wise, K., Bradley, C., Chilvers,M., Geisler, L.,Mathew, F.,Mueller, D., Smith, D., andTenuta,A.2015.Stemcanker.CropManagementNetworkCPN-1006.

5. Mueller,D.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Geisler,L.,Mathew,F.,Smith,D.,Tenuta,A.,andWise, K. 2015. Pod and stem blight and Phomopsis seed decay. Crop ManagementNetworkCPN-1007.

6. JohnsonO.P.,Deneke,D.L.,Rosenberg,M.,Vos,D.,Alms,J.,Wrage,L.J.,Szczepaniec,A.,Bachman,Byamukama,E.,andRuden,K.2015.2015SouthDakotaPestManagementGuide-Soybeans.SDSUExtensionService-iGrow.83p.

7. Strunk,C.andByamukama,E.2015.Beonthelookoutforseedlingdiseases.Published5/22/2015.http://igrow.org/agronomy/corn/be-on-the-lookout-for-seedling-diseases

8. Byamukama,E.,Tande,C.,Okello,P.,andMathew,F.2015.Rootrotsdevelopinginsomecornfields.Publishedon6/25/2015.Onlinehttp://igrow.org/agronomy/corn/root-rots-developing-in-some-corn-fields/

9. Strunk,C.andByamukama,E.2015.DifferentiatingbetweenPhytophthorarootrotandstemrot.Published8/6/2015.Onlinehttp://igrow.org/agronomy/soybeans/differentiating-between-phytophthora-root-stem-rot-and-stem-canker/

10. Byamukama,E.andStrunk,C.2015.Soybeandiseasesupdate.Published7/23/2015.Onlinehttp://igrow.org/agronomy/soybeans/soybean-diseases-update/

11. Byamukama,E.andAcharya,K.2015.Assesssoybeansforthesoybeancystnematode.Published7/23/2015.http://igrow.org/agronomy/corn/assess-soybeans-for-the-soybean-cyst-nematode/

12. Byamukama,E.2015.Brownstemrotshowingupinsomesoybeanfields.Published9/10/2015.http://igrow.org/agronomy/soybeans/brown-stem-rot-showing-up-in-some-soybean-fields/

13. Byamukama,E.andStrunk,C.2015.Cornandsoybeandiseaseupdate:stemrotsandGoss’swiltincreasing.Published9/3/2015.http://igrow.org/agronomy/soybeans/corn-soybean-disease-update-stem-rots-and-gosss-wilt-increasing/

Tennessee

HeatherM.Kelly,Extension/ResearchPlantPathologist,UniversityofTennessee

UniversityofTennesseepersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:HeatherM.Kelly,ScottD.Stewart,AngelaMcClure,JamieJordan,WesleyCrowder,RyanBlair,andoveradozencountyagents

USDA-ARSpersonnelinvolved(collaborations):PrakashArelli,AlemuMengistu,JasonDeffenbaugh,ChrisStreet,andBarbaraMichaud

InTennesseeatotalof1.75millionacresofsoybeanswereplantedin2015with1.72millionacresharvested.Atotalof79.12millionbushelsproducedwithanaverageof46bu/a.Harvestedacreageandproductionwasup110,000acresand5.06millionbushelsfrom2014,respectively.Statewideaverageyieldwasthesamein2014.

DuetoawetspringsomefullseasonplantingsweredelayedorreplantedinMayandJune,closertothesameplantingtimeassoybeanplantedafterwheatinthestate.Somefieldsthatdidgetplantedontimehadslightlyreducedstandsduetoseedlingdiseases.Ingeneral,weatherconditionsthroughouttheseasonwereconduciveforgoodyieldsandfoliardiseasedevelopmentinsoybean.Dependentuponcultivarplanted,therewerelowtoseverelevelsoffrogeyeleafspotandseptoriabrownspotthroughouttheseason.Verylittlesuddendeathsyndromeandsouthernstemcankerwasreportedinthestate.Soybeancystnematodecontinuedtobeconfirmedthroughoutthestatethroughsamplessubmitted.Lateseasondiseasesthathadminimalimpactonyieldincludedanthracnose,cercosporaleafblight/purpleseedstain,anddiaporthe/phomopsisseedrotcomplex.

ImpactStatements

1. OrganizedandevaluatedsoybeansentinelplotstomonitorandtestCercosporasojina(frogeyeleafspot)diseaseandQoIfungicideresistantlevelsacrossthestate

2. Evaluatedover70commercialvarietiesinsevere,moderate,andlowdiseasepressurelocationsforfoliardiseasesandresponsetofungicide

3. Conductedfungicideefficacytrialsonfrogeyeleafspotusedtoupdatethesoybeanfungicidetablecuratedbythisgroup

4. Participatedinmulti-statetrialsonfrogeyeleafspotandcercosporaleafblightevaluatingfungicideproductsandapplicationtimings

5. Continuedresearchtrialsinvestigatinginfluenceofdifferentsourcesofinoculumandtillageonfrogeyeleafspotdevelopment

6. ConductedgreenhousecompetitionstudiesbetweenQoIfungicideresistantandsensitiveCercosporasojina(frogeyeleafspot)

7. HeldhandsontrainingfordiseaseidentificationandshowcasedfungicideefficacytrialsatSoybeanDiseaseFielddayattheResearchandEducationCenterinMilan

RefereedJournals1. Kelly,H.M.,Dufault,N.S.,Walker,D.R.,Isard,S.A.,Schneider,R.W.,Giesler,L.J.,

Wright,D.W.,Marois,J.J.,andHartman,G.L.2015.Fromselectagenttoanestablishedpathogen:theresponsetoPhakopsorapachyrhizi(SoybeanRust)inNorthAmerica.Phytopathology105:905-916.(invitedarticle)

2. Mengistu,A.,Kelly,H.M.,Arelli,P.R.,andBellaloui,N.2015.Effectsoftillage,cultivarandfungicideonPhomopsislongicollaandCercosporakukuchiiinsoybean.CropProtection72:175-181.

3. Kelly,H.M.,Wright,D.L.,Dufault,N.S.,Marois,J.J.2015.Decisionmodelsforfungicideapplicationsforsoybeanrust.PlantHealthProgress16(2).1May2015.doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-14-0050

BookChapter

1. Young-Kelly,H.andDufault,N.S.2015.SoybeanDiseasesinNorthAmericaChapterInDoençasdaSoja-MelhoramentoGenéticoeTécnicasdeManejo(DiseasesofSoybean-GeneticImprovementandManagementTechniques).(edsE.Lemes,L.Castro,andR.Assis)ISBN-978-85-7625-329-7

PlantDiseaseManagementReports

1. Jordan,W.J.andKelly,H.M.2015.FieldevaluationofmaturitygroupVsoybeancultivarstofrogeyeleafspotandfungicideinTennessee,2014.PlantDiseaseManagementReport.Volume9,FieldCropsSection.

2. Jordan,W.J.andKelly,H.M.2015.FieldevaluationoflatematuritygroupIVsoybeancultivarstofrogeyeleafspotandfungicideinTennessee,2014.PlantDiseaseManagementReport.Volume9,FieldCropsSection.

3. Jordan,W.J.andKelly,H.M.2015.FieldevaluationofearlymaturitygroupIVsoybeancultivarstofrogeyeleafspotandfungicideinTennessee,2014.PlantDiseaseManagementReport.Volume9,FieldCropsSection.

4. Cochran,A.M.andKelly,H.M.2015.FieldevaluationoffungicideefficacyonfrogeyeleafspotusingsingleandcombinationFRACcodefungicides,2014.PlantDiseaseManagementReport.Volume9,FieldCropsSection.

5. Butler,S.A.andKelly,H.M.2015.Fieldevaluationoftheinfluenceofdropletsizeandsprayangleonfungicideefficacyinsoybean,2014.PlantDiseaseManagementReport.

Volume9,FieldCropsSection.6. Butler,S.A.andKelly,H.M.2015.Fieldevaluationoftheinfluenceofsprayvolumeand

dropletsizeonfungicideefficacyinsoybean,2014.PlantDiseaseManagementReport.Volume9,FieldCropsSection.

ProceedingsatConferences

1. Kelly,H.M.andVega,B.2015.PhenotypicandgenotypiccharacterizationofQoIfungicideresistantCercosporasojina.Phytopathology(Nov.issue).AnnualAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeeting,Pasadena,CAAug.2015.

2. Butler,S.A.Young-Kelly,H.,andKruger,G.2015.InfluenceofapplicationtechnologyonfoliarfungicideefficacyonCercosporasojinainfectedsoybean.Phytopathology(Nov.issue).AnnualAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeeting,Pasadena,CAAug.2015.

3. Cochran,A.M.,Jordan,J.,Bradley,C.A.,K.Lamour,andKelly,H.M.2015.Frogeyeleafspotresponsetosoloandcombinationfungicides.Phytopathology(Nov.issue).AnnualAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeeting,Pasadena,CAAug.2015.

4. Kelly,H.M.andNewman,M.N.2015.Influenceofcultivar,fungicide,andweatheronfrogeyeleafspotdiseaseandyieldinsoybean.InternationalIntegratedPestManagementSymposium,SaltLakeCity,UTMarch2015.

5. Kelly,H.M.2015.QoIFungicideresistanceCercosporasojinaupdateforMid-Southregion.NCERA200/208/137SoybeanVirus,Rust,andDiseasesJointMeeting,Washington,D.C.April2015

6. Kelly,H.M.andVega,B.2015.ChallengesandopportunitiesintheuseofmoleculartoolstodetectStrobilurin/QoIfungicideresistance:thecaseoffrogeyeleafspot.SouthernSoybeanDiseaseWorkers(SSDW)Meeting,Pensacola,FLMarch2015

7. Butler,S.A.Young-Kelly,H.,andKruger,G.2015.InfluenceofapplicationtechnologyonfoliarfungicideefficacyinCercosporasojinainfectedsoybeans.Phytopathology105(Suppl.2):S2.2.SouthernDivisionofAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeeting,Atlanta,GAFeb.2015.

8. Cochran,A.M.,Jordan,J.,Bradley,C.A.,K.Lamour,andKelly,H.M.2015.Frogeyeleafspotresponsetosoloandcombinationfungicides.Phytopathology105(Suppl.2):S2.3.SouthernDivisionofAmericanPhytopathologicalSocietyMeeting,Atlanta,GAFeb.2015.

Extension/Outreachpresentations

1. DuPontCropConsultantsmeeting-ManagementofFLSinsoybean2/26/20152. MissouriScoutSchool–Plantpathologyintro,diseasemanagementinwheat,corn,

soybean,andcotton2/10/20153. ObionFarmSchool–Soybeanandwheatdiseaseupdate2/9/20154. WestTNGrainConference–Inputvaluesforsoybeandiseasemanagement2/5/2015

5. EastTNGrainConference–soybeanandwheatdiseaseupdate1/22/20156. KY/TNGrainConference-FungicideandDiseaseUpdateonCornandSoybean

1/20/20157. SoybeanDiseaseManagementUpdateat9countyproductionmeetings

Extension/Outreacharticlesandotheractivities

1. News.UTcrops.com(newsletter/blog)-Soybeandiseasesandfungicideconsiderations7/21/2015,andSoybeanDiseaseUpdate8/30/2015(578pageviewsasofOctober11,2015)

2. Kelly,H.2015.W343SoybeanFungicideEfficacyTable.UTExtensionSoybeandiseasemanagementinformation.

3. Allen,F.L.,V.R.Sykes,R.Blair,M.A.McClure,H.M.Kelly.2015.SoybeanVarietyPerformanceTestsinTennessee,2015.Contributeddiseaseratingssection.

4. Contributedtoarticleandvideoon‘2015weathernotasfavorableforSDS,butit’sstillaround’:http://deltafarmpress.com/soybeans/2015-weather-not-favorable-sds-it-s-still-around

VirginiaHillary Mehl, Extension Plant Pathologist, Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech personnel involved in soybean disease extension and research: Hillary Mehl, Tian Zhou, David Holshouser, Linda-Byrd Masters, Steve Byrum, Ed Hobbs, Kelsey Vasser

Soybean was harvested on 620,000 acres and yields in Virginia averaged 34.5 bu/A, or 7.5 bu/A below the record high for soybean in 2012. Nematodes including soybean cyst, southern root-knot, sting, stubby root, and stunt nematodes contributed to yield loss. Frogeye leaf spot and Cercospora blight were the most prevalent foliar diseases and may have caused yield losses where outbreaks occurred during seed development and up to full pod (R6). However, overall levels of foliar disease in the Virginia soybean crop were low in 2015 due to dry conditions during July and August. However, seed rot and other seedborne diseases resulted in significant quality losses due to heavy rains following maturity of the soybean crop. Severe outbreaks of stem canker occurred in certain fields where susceptible varieties were planted. Charcoal rot was also confirmed throughout the state in fields where drought stress occurred. Impact Statements

1. Conducted small plot research on foliar diseases and nematodes impacting soybean in Virginia. 2. Initiated a survey for QoI resistant Cercospora sojina in the mid-Atlantic region (NC/VA/DE). 3. Conducted on-farm trials to validate a weather-based decision aid for soybean foliar fungicide

applications. 4. Disseminated soybean disease management data to growers through local meetings and through

Extension publications and websites.

Research Publications, Extension Articles, and Videos

Abstracts

1. Mehl, H. L., Zhou, T. and Holshouser, D. 2015. Development and optimization of a weather-based decision aid for soybean foliar fungicide applications in Virginia. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA.

2. Zhou, T., Holshouser, D., Phipps, P. M. and Mehl, H. L. 2015. Validation and optimization of a weather-based soybean foliar fungicide application advisory for soybean in Virginia. APS Potomac Division Meeting, Rehoboth Beach, DE.

Published Reports

1. Zhou, T., Byrd-Masters, L., and Mehl, H. L. 2016. Evaluation of foliar fungicide for control of common foliar diseases in soybean, 2015. Plant Disease Management Reports 10:FC136.

2. Zhou, T., Byrd-Masters, L., and Mehl, H. L. 2016. Evaluation of application timings of foliar fungicide for control of common fungal diseases in soybean, 2015. Plant Disease Management Reports 10:FC137.

Extension/Outreach publications/blogs/web articles

5. Mehl,H.L.,Kleczewski,N.andJohnson,C.S.2016.DiseaseandNematodeManagementinFieldCrops.InPestManagementGuide:FieldCrops,2016.D.A.Herbert,Coordinator.VirginiaTechandVirginiaCooperativeExtension.Publication456-016(ENTO-70P).

6. Mehl, H. L. 2016. Applied Research on Field Crop Disease Control 2015. Virginia Tech and Virginia Cooperative Extension.

7. Mehl. H. L. 2015. Soybean disease updated – frogeye leaf spot. Virginia Ag Pest and Crop Advisory Blog (http://blogs.ext.vt.edu/ag-pest-advisory/) – August 21.

8. Mehl, H. L. 2015. Foliar fungicide applications in soybean. Virginia Ag Pest and Crop Advisory Blog (http://blogs.ext.vt.edu/ag-pest-advisory/) – August 20.

WisconsinDamonSmith,ExtensionPlantPathologist,UniversityofWisconsin-MadisonUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonpersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseextensionandresearch:ShawnConley,CarolGroves,ScottChapman,JohnGaska,BrianHudelson,AnnMacGuidwin,QuinnWatson,ChrisBloomingdale,JaimeWilbur,MeganMccaghey

WisconsinDepartmentofAgriculture,TradeandConsumerProtectionpersonnelinvolvedinsoybeandiseaseresearch:AnettePhibbsandAdrianBarta

Wisconsinsaw1.9millionacresofsoybeansplantedin2015,whichwasanall-timerecord.However,thestateisranked#16inthecountryforsoybeanproduction.Thesoybeancropwasestablishedontimeandtheseasonwasveryconduciveforsoybeangrowthandproduction.Recordyieldsof50bu/awere6bu/ahigherthan2014andjustshyoftheall-timerecordof50.5bu/a.

Diseasecontinuetobeasignificantyield-reducerinWisconsin.Betterthan92%oftheacreageisinfestedwithSCN.ThestateplantpathologylabwillstopsamplingforSCNaswemoveforwardin2016.In2015,stemdiseasewereofsignificantconcern.Whitemoldhascontinuedtobethenumber1stemdiseaseinthestateandwasfoundthroughoutmuchofthesoybeanproductionarea.Inadditiontowhitemold,stemcankerandpodandstemblighthaveincreased.Thesediseasescausedlotsofconfusionforgrowersbecausemanyfieldssufferedfromthesediseasesandwhitemold.OtherdiseaseincludedbrownstemrotandPhyllostictaleafspot.Virusissueswerefairlyminimal,however,12%offieldsampledtestedpositiveforAflalfamosaicvirusandSoybeandwarfvirus,While6%testedpositiveforSoybeanveinnecrosisvirus.ImpactStatements

1. Workedasacollaboratorinthemultistategroup,CropProtectionNetwork,togenerateasuiteofsoybeandiseaseidentificationandmanagementpublications

2. Developedapilotwhitemoldfungicidedecisiontoolbasedonapredictionmodelforapothecialdevelopment.Thistoolwillbepilotedinthefieldin2016.

3. Soybeangermplasmlinewithahighlevelofwhitemoldresistancehavebeendevelopedandfield-tested.Thelinesarebeingusedforfurtherbreedingofelite,commercialcultivars.

RefereedJournals1. Piotrowski,J.,Okada,H.,Lu,F.,Li,S.,Ranjan,A.,Smith,D.,Higbee,A.,Ulbrich,A.Coon,

J.,Deshpande,R.,Bukhman,Y.,McIIwain,S.,Ong,I.,Myers,C.Boone,C.,Landick,R.,Ralph,J.,Kabbage,M.,Ohaya,Y.2015.Theplantderived,antifungalagentpoacicacid

targetsβ-1,3-glucan.PNASwww.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1410400112.

2. KandelY.R.,Bradley,C.A.,Wise,K.A.,Chilvers,M.I.,Tenuta,A.U.,Davis,V.M.,Esker,P.D.,SmithD.L.,LichtM.A.andMueller,D.S.2015.Effectofglyphosateapplicationonsuddendeathsyndromeofglyphosate-resistantsoybeanunderdifferentfieldconditions.PlantDis.99:347-354.

Abstracts1. Bloomingdale,C.,Groves,R.L.,andSmith,D.L.2015.Seasonaloccurrenceofthrips

speciesprevalentinsoybeanandtheeconomicimpactofSoybeanveinnecrosisvirusinWisconsin.Phytopathology105:S4.16.

2. Ranjan,A.,Smith,D.L.,andKabbage,M.2015.Soybeanrespiratoryburstoxidasehomologsarerequiredforwhitemolddiseasedevelopment.Phytopathology105:S4.116.

3. Willbur,J.F.,Lucas,H.,Kabbage,M.,andSmith,D.L.2015.DevelopmentofapredictivemodelforSclerotiniasclerotiorumapothecialdevelopmenttocontrolwhitemoldinsoybeanfields.Phytopathology105:S4.148.

Videos

1. Soybeanveinnecrosisvirus.2015.Invitedwebinarrecording.PestManagementNetwork,FocusonSoybeanserieshttp://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/edcenter/seminars/soybean/SoybeanVeinNecrosisVirus/.

Extension/Outreachpublications

1. Watson,Q.andSmith,D.L.2015.FactSheet:XGT1018–Sclerotiniastemrotofsoybean.UWExtension-CooperativeExtensionService.UniversityofWisconsin.

2. Davis,V.,Jensen,B.,Nice,G.,Renz,M.,andSmith,D.L.2015.A3646–PestManagementinWisconsinFieldCrops.UWExtension-CooperativeExtensionService.UniversityofWisconsin.

3. Tenuta,A.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,andWise,K.2015.FactSheet:CPN1001A–Scoutingforcommonsoybeanseeddiseases:Scoutingcard.CropProtectionNetwork.

4. Tenuta,A.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,andWise,K.2015.FactSheet:CPN1001B–Scoutingforcommonsoybeanseeddiseases:Full-lengthpublication.CropProtectionNetwork.

5. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,andTenuta,A.2015.FactSheet:CPN1002A–Scoutingforsoybeanstemdiseases:Scoutingcard.CropProtectionNetwork.

6. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,andTenuta,A.2015.FactSheet:CPN1002B–Scoutingforsoybeanstemdiseases:Full-lengthpublication.CropProtectionNetwork.

7. Bloomingdale,C.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Groves,R.,Mueller,D.,Smith,D.L.,Tenuta,A.,andWise,K.2015.FactSheet:CPN1003–Soybeanveinnecrosisvirus.CropProtectionNetwork.

8. Smith,D.L.,Chilvers,M.,Dorrance,A.,Hughes,T.,Mueller,D.,Niblack,T.,andWise,K.2015.FactSheet:CPN1004–Charcoalrot.CropProtectionNetwork.

9. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Mueller,D.,Smith,D.L.,andTenuta,A.2015.FactSheet:CPN1006–Stemcanker.CropProtectionNetwork.

10. Mueller,D.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Mathew,F.,Smith,D.L.,Tenuta,A.,andWise,K.2015.FactSheet:CPN1007–PodandstemblightandPhomopsisseeddecay.CropProtectionNetwork.

11. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Johnson,B.,Legleiter,T.,Licht,M.,Mueller,D.,Noveroske,A.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,Tenuta,A.,andYoung-Kelly,H.2015.FactSheet:CPN1008–Soybeanseedlingdiseases.CropProtectionNetwork.

12. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Johnson,B.,Legleiter,T.,Licht,M.,Mueller,D.,Noveroske,A.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,Tenuta,A.,andYoung-Kelly,H.2015.FactSheet:CPN1009A–Scoutingforsoybeanseedlingdiseasesanddisorders:Scoutingcard.CropProtectionNetwork.

13. Wise,K.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Johnson,B.,Legleiter,T.,Licht,M.,Mueller,D.,Noveroske,A.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,Tenuta,A.,andYoung-Kelly,H.2015.FactSheet:CPN1009B–Scoutingforsoybeanseedlingdiseasesanddisorders:Full-lengthpublication.CropProtectionNetwork.

14. Mueller,D.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,Tenuta,A.,andWise,K.2015.CPN1010A–Scoutingforwhitemoldinsoybean:Scoutingcard.CropProtectionNetwork.

15. Mueller,D.,Bradley,C.,Chilvers,M.,Giesler,L.,Sisson,A.,Smith,D.L.,Tenuta,A.,andWise,K.2015.CPN1010B–Scoutingforwhitemoldinsoybean:Full-lengthpublication.CropProtectionNetwork.

16. Smith,D.L.2015.Fungicideefficacytablesupdatedfor2015.WisconsinFieldCropsPathologyBlog/WisconsinCropManager–April15.

17. Smith,D.L.2015.Timetoconsideryourwhitemoldin-seasonmanagementplan.WisconsinFieldCropsPathologyBlog/WisconsinCropManager–June24.

18. Smith,D.L.2015.Mid-seasonsoybeanissuesinWisconsin.WisconsinFieldCropsPathologyBlog/WisconsinCropManager–July29.

19. Smith,D.L.2015.Whatshouldyouknowaboutcornandsoybeandiseasesasyouprepareforharvest?WisconsinFieldCropsPathologyBlog/WisconsinCropManager–September16.

20. Smith,D.L.2015.2015Wisconsinfieldcropspathologyfungicidetestssummarynowavailable.WisconsinFieldCropsPathologyBlog/WisconsinCropManager–December15,http://fyi.uwex.edu/fieldcroppathology/files/2015/12/2015-Fungicide-Test-Summary.V2.pdf.

21. WisconsinBestManagementPracticesGuideforSoybean.2015.EditedbyConley,S.P.,andSmith,D.L.PublishedbytheUnitedSoybeanBoard.

22. Marburger,D.,Conley,S.,Gaska,J.,Gerber,L.,MacGuidwin,A.,andSmith,D.L.2015.TheRelationshipbetweentheCausalAgentofSDSandSCNinWisconsin.SoySentinel.Vol.12.No.2.

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