Transcript of ©2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field. LED Approach Sequence Flashing System...
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field. LED
Approach Sequence Flashing System SFL800D
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- Airfield. Our Field.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Scope of Application System
Design and Functions Wiring diagrams Control Unit Flashing lights
Customer benefits Content
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field. Scope
of Application
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Scope of Application The
SFL800D serves as approach sequential flashing light system and
runway threshold identification flash lights (RTILS) on airports.
The SFL system enables the pilot already to recognize the runway
from a long distance and marks the active landing direction. The
threshold identification lights indicate the begin of the runway.
The system supports two different flash frequencies (1 / s or 2 /
s). 3 intensity steps allow the adaptation to the actual
metrological view.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved System Design The sequence
flash system is installed complementary to the existing approach
center line The common length is 900 m with a distance of 30 m
between the flash lights The two Threshold Identification Lights
(TIL) are placed beside the green threshold lighting. To avoid
short distance glare to the pilot the last 300 m segment in front
of the threshold is often not equipped with flash lights. This is
especially the case in CAT II & III systems.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field.
Differences between Xenon and LED flashing systems
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- Differences in electrical characteristics
CharacteristicsXenonLED Sensitivity to moistureProtections
requiredVery robust Work safetyHigh voltage issues (max. 15,000 V)
Absolutely safe ( max. 70 VDC) Lifetime~ 500 to 10,000 hours. High
voltage circuitry requires maintenance attention. > 25,000 hours
Light head dimensionsSmall (with separate Individual Control
Cabinet) Requires larger optical output Inset lights availableVery
limited. Inset light conditions (moisture, condensation, vibration)
not beneficial for high voltage Xenon. Yes, no restrictions. Max.
intensity may be limited by the available optical aperture. Can be
solved by twin light combination.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Light output from Xenon and
LED Xenon Flash is extremely short with a high intensity peak (t
< 10 s [micro seconds]) According to the Blondel & Rey
calculation, parts of the rising and falling edges do not
contribute to the effective intensity (optical losses) LED Flash
intensity shape is close to a rectangular flat light signal ( t ~
50 ms [milli-secs]) According to the Blondel & Rey calculation,
the total light output contributes to the effective intensity
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Lets remember the
BrocaSulzer-Effect Broca and Sulzer published in ~ 1902 that short
pulses of definitely visible light of a certain duration will
appear brighter than if the pulses lasted longer in time. It seems
that the effect is a result of the visual signal evaluation in the
human optic nerve and/or brain (till now no valid explanation
available). The Broca-Sulzer-Effect has been confirmed by several
scientific studies. The effect does not increase the physical
amount of light but improves the perception! Broca-Sulzer
brightness enhancement occurs at stimulus onset for high intensity
incremental targets. Here flash brightness is plotted as a function
of duration for flashes of different luminances. Data from Hart
(1987) et al.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved What will be the optimized
flash duration? According the Broca-Sulzer-Effect a flash with a
duration of 40 70 ms should appear VERY much higher than a longer
or shorter flash.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Selection of the Flash
Duration The best solution is a 50 ms flash It provides the best
perception according the Broca- Sulzer-Effect. The LED current /
thermal peak and the thermal dissipation can be handled. The
required capacity voltage to provide the flash energy in the 50 ms
time can be kept in the SELV range.
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- What is the benefit of overlapping light pulses? Short distance
view The eye resolution can separate all sequenced flashing lights
Recognized is the intensity of an individual light e.g. 15,000 cd
Long Distance view The eye resolution cannot separate individual
lights Recognized is a virtual light with an intensity formed by
all lights covering the smallest viewing angle. (e.g. with 3
adjacent lights = 45,000cd) Single Flash at the Threshold Flash
Cluster in the Row
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field. System
Design and Functions
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Components Control Unit
with the power and communication interface to the field components
Power Distribution Unit to feed the single flash light heads with
SELV power and communication The flash lights (elevated or 12
inset) with the high power LEDs and the control electronics. Note:
the inset lights may be installed by pairs The sequence flash
system consist of:
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Principle Cabling The
Control Unit placed in a sub-station supplies the flash system via
a single power cable. The communication between the Control Unit
and the flashes is achieved on separate wires of the same power
cable. Control Unit Overvoltage Protection Unit System Layout Inset
lights may be installed by pairs to increase the photometric
performances
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Power and communication to
the lights Power Supply to the flashing lights 400 V / 50 Hz or 60
Hz power supply voltage on two wires of the supply cable. The Power
Distribution Unit transforms that voltage down to 36 VAC supply
voltage for the flash lights. The safe separation with the extra
low voltage level provides a Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) with
the highest work safety. Data communication to the flashing lights
Control and monitoring by two other wires of the supply cable. The
control unit sets the required intensity level and the system
configuration of the entire system. Individual address of the flash
head defines the time of ignition. After ignition each flash light
sends automatically the actual status to the control unit. A pair
of combined inset lights consists of a master and a slave unit. The
function is defined by the internal configuration. Only the master
communicates with the control unit.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field. Wiring
diagrams
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- E.g. for elevated light with breakable coupling Safety Extra
Low Voltage (SELV) < 50V 400 VAC Principle Wiring Diagram and
Voltage Levels Control Unit Overvoltage Protection Unit Cable joint
Power Distribution Unit Cable joint Connector of the light 2 wires
for power (400V) 2 wires for control and monitoring 2 wires for
power (400V) 2 wires for control and monitoring HO7RN-F 4-core
cable (e.g. for electrical frangibility on approach masts) Optional
connector ( = separation transformer) (contractor- made)
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field.
Control Unit
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Control Unit Input: 400 V 3
phases Output: 4-core cable 2 wires for power (400 VAC), 2 wires
for communication Interface to remote Control and Monitoring System
(CMS) via parallel or serial interface. Local control for the basic
functions. Detailed maintenance and configuration of the system can
be done over an external maintenance computer with the optional
service software lucDMC.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Local Control and
Monitoring Local control for maintenance purposes on the internal
control module 5 push buttons to select function (TIL, SFL, flash
frequency...) + 1 rotary switch for brightness and remote/local
control 9 LED indications show the actual status of the system.
Note: The use of the internal local control should be limited to
trained electricians. With opened Control Unit the suitable safety
regulations must be applied!
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Remote Control Interfaces
Parallel (multiwire) interface with in- and outputs on 24 VDC
level. 2 redundant CAN-Bus ports For an optional serial interfacing
with any other CMS brand the following interface can be provided on
request: RS-485 (EIA-485) MODBUS/RTU, RCOM, RCOMplus ETHERNET
MODBUS/TCP PROFIBUS DP
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field.
Flashing lights
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Flashing lights which
photometric requirements? Flashing lights are not specified in ICAO
Annex 14 or ADM However, it seems logical that the beam dimensions
should be the same as steady burning lights. But what about the
intensity? Average intensity of 20,000 cd is often excessive and
produces glare. FAA limits the intensity to a maximum of 20,000 cd,
with a minimum of 8,000 cd for elevated lights and 5,000 cd for
inset lights. Many lights of this type installed worldwide. Ideal
solution: Use the ICAO beam angles Average intensity for elevated
lights: 10,000 cd to avoid glare (meaning peak intensity 15,000 cd
as most FAA lights) Inset lights should be approx. 60% of elevated
lights as per FAA, as they are seen at shortest distance.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Flashing lights Elevated
flash light The elevated type is available as as a standard light
with 12,500 cd * nominal intensity. or a extra high intensity light
with 20,000 cd * for best far distance operation under low vis.
Choosing the standard light helps to increase the LED lifetime. 12
inset flash light The single inset light provides a nominal
intensity of 6500 cd *. To increase the operational effective
intensity, two synchronized insets next to each other can be
combined to form a single point of light. * Typical values of the
effective Intensity on the highest brightness step.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field.
Customer benefits
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Approach lighting is
different! 28
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Customer benefits Reduced
maintenance thanks to the reliability and long life time of the
LEDs (xenon flash tubes have a very short life) IP68 for all
outdoor equipment, including the elevated lights This is extremely
useful for approach lights installed on masts, outside the airport
perimeter, above fields, roads or sea...
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Customer benefits Low power
consumption: 20VA per light Inexpensive and easy installation:
Standard low voltage cable (HO7RN-F), of small diameter; typically:
2,5 mm from the Control Unit to the first light then 1,5 mm to the
end of the line Same 4-core cable used for both the power supply
and the communication. No separate bus. No individual electronic
cabinet: only a simple transformer that can be installed in a
transformer pit Safety: SELV at the level of the lights, instead of
400 or 2000V.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved LED Flashing Lights First
LED Approach Flasher has been operating in Kassel, Germany since
April 2013. Further installations are in Muenster (Germany)
Nordholz (mil) (Germany) Frankfurt (Germany) Geilenkirchen (mil)
(Germany) Finkenwerder (Germany) Dubai (UAE) Iasi (Romania)
Innsbruck (Austria) Warsaw (Poland) Many more are due to be in
operation soon.
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- 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved Airfield. Our Field.
adb-air.com 2015 ADB Group. All Rights Reserved