Post on 07-Jul-2018
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1. Centrifugal
2. Positive Diplacement
3. Non Mechanical Pump
Gear
Sliding vane
Screw
Peristaltic
memrane
!ater Pump
"et# air lift dll.
Gasoline
pump
$art
Characteristics PD Pump Centrifugal
Normal volumetric rate
Pressure difference per stage
%i&ed 'ariael
Self(priming
Numer of moving parts
)utput
!or*ing well at high viscosit+
,ow
$igh
%low
-es
Man+
Pulse
-es
$igh
,ow
Pressure
No
,ittle
Stead+
No
TYPES OF PUMP
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causes a fluid to move by trapping a fixed amount of it and then forcing
(displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.
Some PD pumps or! using an expanding cavity on the suction side and a
decreasing cavity on the discharge side. "i#uid flos into the pump as the cavit$ on
the suction side expands and the li#uid flos out of the discharge as the cavit$
collapses. The volume is constant throughout each c$cle of operation.
POS%T%&E D%SP"'(EME)T PUMP
positive displacement pumps are"constant flow machines".
' relief or safet$ valve on the discharge side of the positive
displacement pump is therefore necessar$.
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POSITIV !ISP#$%&T T'PS
eciprocatingtype positive displacement* piston or diaphragm pumps.
ineartype positive displacement* rope pumps and chain pumps.
otarytype positive displacement* internal gear+ scre+ shuttle ,loc!+flexi,le vane or sliding vane+ circumferential piston+ flexi,le impeller+
helical tisted roots -e.g. the endel!ol,en pump/ or li#uid ring vacuum
pumps.
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Piston
eciprocatingtype positive displacement
The$ consist of a c$linder ith a reciprocating plunger in them.
The suction and discharge valves are mounted in the head of the c$linder.
%n the suction stro!e the plunger retracts and the suction valves open causing suction of fluid into the
c$linder.
%n the forard stro!e the plunger pushes the li#uid out of the discharge valve.
Efficienc$ and common pro,lems*ith onl$ one c$linder in plunger pumps+ the fluid flo varies ,eteen maximum flo hen the plunger moves
through the middle positions+ and 0ero flo hen the plunger is at the end positions.
' lot of energ$ is asted hen the fluid is accelerated in the piping s$stem.
&i,ration and 1ater hammer1 ma$ ,e a serious pro,lem.
%n general the pro,lems are compensated for ,$ using to or more c$linders not or!ing in phase ith each other.
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Diaphragm Pump Piston Pump
eciprocatingtype positive displacement
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Vac**m P*mp
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!*tch $r*+*i*s P*mp
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ineartype
' rope+ a heel and a
P&( pipe are sufficient
to ma!e a simple rope
pump. For this reasonthe$ have ,ecome
extremel$ popular
around the orld
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OT#'T'P
scre pumps
the shape of the internals of
this pump usuall$ one
scre turning in c$linder
or to scres turning
against each other pump
the li#uid.
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a circular rotor rotating inside of a larger circular cavit$.
The centers of the circles is offset+ causing eccentricit$.
&anes are alloed to slide into and out of the rotor and seal on all edges+ creating
vane cham,ers that do the pumping or!
On the inta!e side+ the vane cham,ers are increasing in volume+ are filled ithfluid forced in ,$ the inlet pressure
On the discharge side of the pump+ the vane cham,ers are decreasing in volume+
forcing fluid out of the pump.
The action of the vane drives out the same volume of fluid ith each rotation.
Vane Pump
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The fluid is contained ithin a flexi,le tu,e fitted inside a circular pump casing.
' rotor ith a num,er of 1rollers1+ 1shoes1 or 1ipers1 attached to
the external circumference compresses the flexi,le tu,e.
's the rotor turns+ the part of the tu,e under compression closes -or1occludes1/ thus forcing the fluid to ,e pumped to move through the
tu,e.'dditionall$+ as the tu,e opens to its natural state after the passing of the cam -1restitution1/ fluid
flo is induced to the pump. This process is called peristalsis and is used in man$ ,iological
s$stems such as the gastrointestinal tract.
Peristaltic Pump
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2ear pumps%t consists of to meshed gears
rotating in a closel$ fitted casing.
Fluid is pumped around the outer
peripher$ ,$ ,eing trapped in the
tooth spaces.
%t does not travel ,ac! on themeshed part+ since the teeth mesh
closel$ in the centre. %t is idel$
used on car engine oil pumps+ and
also in various h$draulic poer
pac!s
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Air Lift Pump,et P*mp
air inserted into pipe+
pushing up the ater+
hen ,u,,les move
upard+ or on pressure inside pipe
pushing ater up.
&O& %$-#&I$# P.%P
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/pics/pumps/hugedeep.gif
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use pressure created ,$ gas -usuall$ air/. %n some
impulse pumps the gas trapped in the li#uid -usuall$
ater/+ is released and accumulated somehere in the pump+ creating a pressure hich can push part of the
li#uid upards.
%MPU"SE PUMPS
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3am Pumps
4asic components of a h$draulic
ram*
5. %nlet 6 drive pipe
7. Free flo at aste valve
8. Outlet 6 deliver$ pipe
9. aste valve
:. Deliver$ chec! valve
;. Pressure vessel
' simplified h$draulic ram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valve
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initiall$+ the aste valve
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CN/0%G, PMP
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Impeller!iff*ser/ %*ltiStage
!inetic energ$ is added to the fluid
,$ increasing the flo velocit$.
This increase in energ$ is
converted to a gain in potential
energ$ -pressure/ hen thevelocit$ is reduced prior to or as
the flo exits the pump into the
discharge pipe.
This conversion of !inetic energ$to pressure can ,e explained ,$
the First la of thermod$namics
or more specificall$ ,$ 4ernoulli@s
principle.