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Research MethodologyMs. Zill-e-Huma
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http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1433805618/ref=sib_dp_pt8/12/2019 2010 APA 6th Guidelines Ppt wt u need to knw
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FJWU standard for Research Projects &Assignments
professional standard
need to know when you publish
need for continued graduate work
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started in 1928
anthropological andpsychological journal
editors met
purpose: to standardizepublication formats
first guidelines 7 pageslong
latest 6thedition printed2009 summer
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Margins: 1 inch around
Font: Times New Roman 12 pt.
Line spacing: double spaced
throughout
Word spacing: 1 space after commas, colons,
and semi-colons 1 space after period in name (A.
B. Smith) 1 space after period separatingparts of reference citation
1 or 2 spaces after periods insentences in text
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Paraphrasing within text:
In a 1989 article, Gould explores some of Darwins mosteffective metaphors.
Author cited in text:Gould (1989) attributed Darwins success to his gift formaking the appropriate metaphor.
Author not cited in text:As metaphors for the workings of nature, Darwin usedthe tangled bank, the tree of life, and the face of nature(Gould, 1989).
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Direct quote from author:Gould (1989) explains that Darwin used the metaphor of the treeof life to express the other form of interconnectedness-genealogical rather than ecological-and to illustrate both success
and failure in the history of life (p.14).
Direct quote without name of author:Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life to express the otherform of interconnectedness-genealogical rather than ecological(Gould, 1989, p.14).
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General format for long quotes: indented 5 spaces do not use quotation marks citation appears one space after last punctuation of
quote
Friedman (2006) draws connections between two seemingly disparateevents: November 9 (dismantling of the Berlin Wall) and September 11(attack on the World Trade Center). He believes
these two dates represent the two competing forms of imagination atwork in the world today: the creative imagination of 11/9 and thedestructive imagination of 9/11. One brought down a wall and openedthe windows of the world. . . [the other] putting up new invisible andconcrete walls among people. (p. 543). (p. 543) (p. 543)
(p. 543)
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Example:
Several studies (Balda, 1980; Kammil,
1988; Pepperberg & Funk, 1990) confirmthe use of metaphors increases learning.
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First citation in text: Wasserstein, Zappula, Rosen, German, and Rock (1994) found. . .
The use of metaphors was found to be helpful (Wasserstein,
Zappula, Rosen, German, & Rock, 1994)
Subsequent citations (3 or more authors): Wasserstein and colleagues (1994) found
Wasserstein et al. (1994) found
The use of metaphors was found to be helpful (Wasserstein et al.,1994)
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Text:Seidenberg and McCellandsstudy (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis,Atkins, & Haller, 1993).
Reference page:Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models ofreading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processingapproaches.Psychological Review, 100, 589-608.
Use sparingly!
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References are listed on separate page
Only citations that appear in the text shouldappear on the reference page
Everything cited in the text should appear on thereference page.
References are double-spaced, flush left with
subsequent lines indented 5 spaces
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General format:Author, A. A (year, add month and date of publication
for daily or weekly publications). Title of article.Title of Periodical, volume number(issue), pages.
Example:
Little, D. W. (200l). Leading change: Creating the future foreducation technology. Syllabus I nternational, 15(5), 22-24.
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General format:Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year of
publication). Title of work: Capital letter also forsubtitle (number ed.). Location City, State
Abbreviation: Publisher.
Example:Anderson, A. B., Smith, S. D., & Jones, J. C. (1978). A distant
mir ror: The calamitous fourteenth centur y (3rd ed.).New York,NY: Knopf.
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General format:Author, A. A. (date of publication). Title of chapter. In
A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pages of chapter).Location: Publisher.
Example:James, J. E. (1988). Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth
according to Kirk and Spock. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum
of the fantastic (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
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DOIs are unique strings ofnumbers used to identifyonline articles content andprovide a persistent link to
their location on theInternet.
1. When DOIs are present,no longer have to
include URL.
2. When DOIs are notpresent, include URL
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General format:
Author, A. A. (date). Title of article. Title ofJournal, volume(number), page numbers.
doi: xx.xxxxxxxExample:
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005).Volunteer support, marital status, and thesurvival times of terminally ill patients.Health Psychology, 24,225-229. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
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General format:
Author, A. A. (date of publication). Title ofarticle Title of Journal, volume(number), pagenumbers. Retrieved from URL
Example:
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence
and self-esteem mediate between perceived early
parental love and adult happiness.Applied Psychology,
2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
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A citation is giving credit whenever you usesomeones ideas, figures, unique approach, orspecific reasoning. This is done whether you
paraphrase anothers ideas or use direct quotes.
The purpose of using citations is twofold:
1. to give credit for the person whose material
you are using and
2. to offer a way for readers of your work tofind out more information about that source.
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Plagiarism: act of usingsomeone elses ideas, words,
figures, unique approach, orspecific reasoning withoutgiving appropriate credit.
Its a bad thing!