Post on 01-Jul-2015
T H E K I R W A N I N S T I T U T E F O R T H E S T U D Y O F R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y & I S A I A H
O H I O O R G A N I Z I N G C O L L A B O R A T I V E W E E K L O N G T R A I N I N G
T O L E D O , O H
J U L Y 1 9 , 2 0 1 0
Structural Change:Confronting Race and Class
Presentation Overview
Introduction and Opportunity Stories
The Geography of Opportunity
The Disparate Impacts of the Recession
Race, Equity, and Organizing: the ISAIAH & Kirwan experience
Small group exercise and reporting back
About Kirwan
Multidisciplinary applied research institute, founded 2003
john powell, Executive Director Our mission is to expand
opportunity for all, especially for our most marginalized communities
Opportunity Communities Program Opening pathways to opportunity for
marginalized communities through investments in people, places and supporting linkages
Opportunity Mapping, Regional Equity, Neighborhood Revitalization, Opportunity Based Housing
About Our Work
Emphasis on how systems work to produce inequity How do multiple issues interact to either depress or
uplift certain populations or communities?
What can we do to “strategically intervene” and improve outcomes for marginalized communities
Emphasis on intersections in our work Geography, race, class, gender
Focus on how various populations are situated in our complex social, economic, civic, political systems
The Geography of Opportunity
Opportunity Matters….
“Opportunity” is a situation or condition that places individuals in a position to be more likely to succeed or excel.
Opportunity structures are critical to opening pathways to success:
High-quality education
Healthy and safe environment
Stable housing
Sustainable employment
Political empowerment
Outlets for wealth-building
Positive social networks
Neighborhoods & Community Matters…
Neighborhoods are critical to understanding access to opportunity Does your community provide
pathways to opportunity and success? Safe environment, good schools,
positive peers and role models, employment
Or does your community present you with barriers to opportunity and success Unsafe environment, failing schools,
poor peers and role models, no employment
8
Systems of Disadvantage: Neighborhoods & Access to Opportunity
Five decades of research indicate that your environment has a profound impact on your access to opportunity and likelihood of success
High poverty areas with poor employment, underperforming schools, distressed housing and public health/safety risks depress life outcomes A system of disadvantage Many manifestations
Urban, rural, suburban
Some people ride the “Up” escalator to reach opportunity
Others have to run up the “Down” escalator to get there
Our opportunity context matters
Why do some people have access to the “good life” while others do not?
It’s more than a matter of choice….
Historic Government Role
A series of federal policies have contributed to the disparities we see today School Policy
Suburbanization & Homeownership
Urban Renewal
Public Housing
Transportation
11
Policies Enforcing Inequity:Historical Government Role
“If a neighborhood is to retain stability, it is necessary that properties shall continue to be occupied by the same social and racial classes. A change in social or racial occupancy generally contributes to instability and a decline in values.”
–Excerpt from the 1947 FHA underwriting manual
12
The Rise of Suburbia:But not accessible to everyone
In the suburb-shaping years (1930-1960), less than one-percent of all African Americans were able to
obtain a mortgage.
FHA Highway Construction in Cincinnati –
Demolishing much of the African American West Side 14
Structural Causes and Racialized Outcomes
Structural disadvantage produces racialized outcomes
People of color are far more likely to live in opportunity deprived neighborhoods and communities
8% 8% 9%
24% 24%20%
0%5%
10%15%
20%
25%
Avg White Neighborhood Avg AA Neighborhood
Poverty Rate: White and African American Neighborhoods in 2000
Cincinnati MSA Cleveland MSA Columbus MSA
Opportunity Indicators
•Education
•Economic & Mobility
•Housing & Neighborhood
•Public Health
•Public Safety & Criminal Justice
In Ohio,
Nearly 3 out of 4
Black Ohioans
were living in the
State’s lowest
opportunity
neighborhoods in
2000….
…compared to
1 in 2 Latinos
and 1 in 4
Asians and
Whites.
Racial Segregation & Educational Isolation
Economic Segregation and Racial Segregation in Public Schools: Southwest Ohio
High Poverty Schools (Red and Yellow) are Concentrated in African American Neighborhoods (Areas in Gray)
20
Metropolitan AreaWhite Non Hispanic Students
AfricanAmericanStudents
Akron 25.7% 66.1%Cincinnati 27.0% 69.4%Cleveland 25.3% 74.3%Columbus 23.7% 61.1%Dayton 26.8% 74.7%Toledo 29.5% 77.8%
Average School Poverty Rate for the Average Student by Race in 2000
Ohio Schools: Segregation by Race & Class
Overview: Summing it Up
“I believe the State is staring at the crossroads: one path has opportunities with advancement…and the other is more of the status quo, where folks are falling behind.” (quote from State of Black Ohio interview
participant)
The Disparate Impacts of the Recession
Uneven Impacts Across Various Dimensions
An uneven recession with many disparate impactsRace, Age, Gender,
Geography, Educational Attainment, Occupation
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0 Underemployment Rate by Race July 2007 to Nov 2009
(Calculated by the Economic Policy Institute)
Black Latino White Total
An Uneven Recession…
7.0
12.8
9.9
7.78.7
16.5
12.6
9.7
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
White Black Latino Total
Unemployment Rate by Race (January 09 to January 10)
Jan-09 Jan-10
22.3%
32.2%
38.4%
33.9%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
White Black Latino Total
Percent Change in Unemployment, by Race: (January 2009 to January 2010)
An Uneven ‘Recovery’….
In June 2010, private sector employment grew by 83,000 jobs…
From June 2009-June 2010:
White unemployment decreased by 1.7%
Black unemployment increased by 4.4%
Latino unemployment increased by 3%
Ohio’s Challenges
Unemployment
Foreclosures and Vacant property
Budget Crisis
Growing Unemployment28
1990 2000 2005 2006 2007
White 5.7% 4.2% 6.4% 6.1% 6.3%
Black 15.3% 11.2% 16.3% 15.5% 15.2%
Asian 5.1% 3.7% 5.2% 3.7% 4.6%
Hispanic 7.9% 9.1% 9.9% 9.7%
15.3%
11.2%
16.3%15.5% 15.2%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
18.0%
Perc
enta
ge
Unemployment Rate in Ohio, 1990 - 2007 (%)
Ohio: 3rd highest black unemployment rate
Total3rd Quarter
2009
Projected 1st Quarter
2010Black
3rd Quarter 2009
Projected 1st Quarter
2010White
3rd Quarter 2009
Projected 1st Quarter
2010Latino
3rd Quarter 2009
Projected 1st Quarter
2010
Michigan 15.2% 15.7%
Michigan 23.9% 24.8%
Michigan 13.7% 14.2%
Nevada 20.1% 19.0%
Nevada 13.0% 12.3%
South Carolina 20.4% 22.7%
Rhode Island 11.2% 11.7%
California 15.6% 16.9%
Rhode Island 12.8% 13.4%
Ohio 19.5% 22.0%
Oregon 11.0% 12.4%
Florida 13.1% 14.3%
California 12.1% 13.1%
Illinois 18.6% 20.2%
Kentucky 10.6% 11.2%
New Jersey 12.0% 12.6%
Oregon 11.8% 13.3%
Alabama 18.0% 18.8%
Nevada 10.6% 10.0%
Arizona 11.6% 13.1%
Source: Derived from data tables and analysis conducted by the Economic Policy Institute. Available on the EPI website at: www.epi.org
Top Five States with the Highest Unemployment Rates by Race (Ranked by 2009 3rd Quarter Unemployment)
Will Growing Poverty Lead to a Recession Generation?
Black
Child Poverty 2008 Native American
Child Poverty 2008 Latino
Child Poverty 2008 White
Child Poverty 2008
Mississippi 48% New Mexico 37% Kentucky 41% West Virginia 22%Arkansas 47% Arizona 35% Arkansas 39% Kentucky 20%Kentucky 44% California 24% Tennessee 39% Montana 18%Louisiana 43% Oklahoma 24% Alabama 36% Arkansas 17%Oklahoma 43% Alaska 23% Pennsylvania 36% Oklahoma 17%Wisconsin 42% Nevada 9% Rhode Island 36% Tennessee 16%Michigan 41% Data unavailable for other States Massachusetts 35% Mississippi 15%Ohio 41% Oregon 35% Indiana 14%Indiana 40% North Carolina 34% Maine 14%Alabama 38% Oklahoma 34% Missouri 14%Source: U.S. Census Bureau Data (American Community Survey), Analyzed by the Annie E. Casey Foundation Kids Count Database
Top Ten States for Child Poverty (By Race) in 2008
Unemployment Remains High
Highest Rate:
Clinton County
16.7%
Lowest Rate:
Delaware County
7.2%
National Rate: 9.7%
Ohio’s Rate: 10.7%
Ohio Unemployment
Using the U6
measure of
unemployment—
which includes
underemployment
and those who have
dropped out of the
workforce-- Ohio’s
unemployment rate
climbs above 17%
Source: Monthly Report on Ohio’s Economy and State Finances, May 2010 http://obm.ohio.gov/
Foreclosure Crisis
…to Reverse Redlining
From Redlining…
Disparities Cost us All ….Lost Home Equity from nearby foreclosures, 2009-2012
US: $1.9 trillion
Ohio: $17.2 billion
Almost 4 million Ohio homes are experiencing a foreclosure-related decline…
“Race or Risk” ?
Source: United for a Fair Economy
…what about fair credit
Rising foreclosures
Almost ten-fold from 1995
Ohio has a long history of foreclosure problems…
Changing causes of foreclosures?
From a subprime problem…
Foreclosures
increased by 155%
between 1994 and
2001 despite
strong economic
growth in Ohio….
Foreclosures contd.
…to an unemployment problem?
•Morgan has an unemployment rate of 13.8%, 6th
highest in Ohio
•6 out of these 10 counties had unemployment rates greater than Ohio’s average in May 2010…
Table from “Home Insecurity”, David Rothstein, Policy Matters Ohio, March 2010http://www.policymattersohio.org/pdf/HomeInsecurity2010.pdf
Budget Crisis
•2012-2013 budget deficit could be as large as $8 billion
•In 2009, tax collections declined by 12%, an historic high
http://www.cleveland.com/open/index.ssf/2010/07/other_states_in_much_worse_fis.html
R A C E , E Q U I T Y A N D O R G A N I Z I N G
D O R A N S C H R A N T Z
I S A I A H
ISAIAH and Kirwan
Small Group Exercise
Each group will generate a list for each of the following questions:
Q1: How did opportunities decline in the Rust Belt?
Q2: How could we open up opportunity for all in the Rust Belt? What are the key items in a new Rust Belt agenda?
Each person will vote for their “top two” items from each list
Each group will report back to the larger group
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