Post on 01-Jan-2016
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DNAStructure
DNA Replication
RNA Transcription Translation
What is the function of DNA?
Stores all of the genetic information of an organism.
What is the base pairing rule?
A-TC-G
What three things make up a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base
What are two names for the shape of DNA?
Double Helix, Twisted Ladder, Spiral Staircase
What determines the traits the traits of an organism?
The sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA.
What is the first step in DNA replication?
The enzyme Helicase unzips the strand of DNA (breaks hydrogen
bonds)
What happens during DNA replication?
The DNA strand is copied
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
It adds bases to the new DNA strand
If the DNA strand reads:3’ ACGTTCC 5’
What will the complimentary strand look like?
5’TGCAAGG 3’
Why is replication called semi-conservative?
Half of the original strand is conserved or saved, half is new.
What is the name of the sugar in RNA?
Ribose
Describe the base-pairs found in RNA
A-UC-G
What is the role of messenger RNA?
It leaves the nucleus and takes the code to the ribosome.
Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA
Name two similarities and two differences
DNA and RNA both are nucleic acids, have phosphate and sugar, and
have nitrogen bases.RNA is single stranded, can leave the nucleus, contains uracil instead
of thymine, and has the sugar ribose.
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What happens during transcription?
mRNA is made from a DNA template
Where does transcription occur in the cell?
The nucleus
If a DNA strand reads:3’ ATTAGCA 5’
What will the complimentary mRNA strand look like?
5’ UAAUCGU 3’
What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
It unzips the DNA helix and adds RNA bases to the strand.
What are the three steps in transcription?
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
Where does translation occur in the cell?
In the cytoplasm at the ribosome.
What is a codon?
A group of three nitrogen bases in mRNA.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
It brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
What amino acid does CCU code for?
Proline
If a DNA strand reads TACAAAGCATCGATT, What will the
sequence of amino acids be in the protein?
•Methionine (START), Phenylalanine, Arginine, Serine, STOP