Post on 14-Apr-2018
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Nutrigation Practices
and Foliar Nutrition
in Asia
By
Dr O. Achilea, S. Raban, J. Montag and Dr E. Barak
Haifa Chemicals, Israel
Haifa is the world leader in production
and marketing of
SOLUBLE PLANT NUTRIENTS
Nutrigation
! Multi-K, Multi-npK
! Poly-Feed
! Eure-Ka
Foliar Nutrition
! Bonus-npK
! Multi-npK
! Poly-Feed Foliar
! Multi-MKP
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Haifa is the world leader in production
and marketing of
SOLUBLE PLANT NUTRIENTS
Products for Nutrigation:
! Fully soluble crystalline potassium nitrate (13-0-46)Multi-K
! Potassium nitrate enriched with fully solublephosphorus (13-3-44) Mult i -npK
! An extensive series of fully soluble and chloride- freeN-P-Ks Poly -Feed Foliar
!
Fully soluble, crystalline N-K fertilizersEure-Ka
Haifa is the world leader in production
and marketing of
SOLUBLE PLANT NUTRIENTS
Products for Foliar Feeding:
!
Potassium nitrate enriched with fully solublephosphorus (13-2-44), and special adjuvants forextended absorption by the leafBonus-npK
! potassium nitrate enriched with fully solublephosphorus (13-3-44) Mult i -npK
! An extensive series of fully soluble and chloride- freeN-P-Ks Poly-Feed
! Fully soluble, crystalline mono-potassium phosphateMult i -MKP
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What is Nutrigation ?
Plant Nutr ients supplied to the plants
via the Irrigat ionsystem
Nutr igat ion
Nutrigation: the advantages
Nutrient requirement according to crop stages
(teaspoon feeding).
More uniform distribution and closer to root
system.
Betteravailability of nutrients to plants. Nutrient uptake increases.
Reduced losses of nutrients by leaching.
Preventing damages to roots.
Less costly application labor,
Less soil compaction.
Reduced weed population.
Application flexibility (time, weather, soil).
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WATER
Macro nutrients:
N (Nitrogen), P (Phosphorus), K (Potassium)
Secondary nutrients:
Ca (Calcium), Mg (Magnesium), S (Sulfur)
Micro nutrients:
Fe (I ron), Cu (Copper), Zn (Zinc), B (Boron),
Mn (Manganese), Mo (Molybdenum) Cl
(Chloride)
PLANT NUTRIENTS
PLANTSSoil Soilless
Growing media
Nutrient Uptake Rates for Tomatoes *
* - (source: Huett 1985)
Nutrientuptake
rates(g/plant)
12 -
10 -
8 -
6 -
4 -
2 -
0 -
Time (weeks)
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Transplant Flowering and fruiting
Vegetative growth Harvest
N
P
K
Ca
Mg
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Available K
Inavailable K
Mineral KMineral K
Non-exchangeable K(90-98 % of total)
Exchangeable K+
(1-10% of total )
Soluble K+
(1-2% of total)
90 - 95 % of K in the Soil
is NOT Available to plants
Nutrigation with Multi-Ksupplies the needed
available K+.
Potassium in the soil
NONO33--
SOIL TESTField management kit
meter
pHClCl--
meter
EC
SOIL MOISTURE
EXTRACTOR
SOIL MOISTURESOIL MOISTURE
EXTRACTOREXTRACTOR
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Quantitative
Starts after a lag and
then decreases overthe irrigation time
INJECTION METHODSINJECTION METHODS
Proportional
Constant throughout
the irrigation time.
irrigation
Nutrients
Growth stage requirement
N P2O5 K2O
kg/ha/day
Veget. growth 2. 5 0. 5 5-flowering
Nutrigation of 5 days cycle --
QuantitativeQuantitative
x 5
55 4 1555 4 15
. . .
Recommended fertilizers
multi - K MAP AN
kg/ha/day
11 0.8 3.0
120 ir ri gation daysx 11 kg/ha = 1320 kg multi-K/ha
N P2O5 K2O300 60 600
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Several simple and efficient methods
of nutrigation in Shandong, China
Several simple and efficient
methods of nutrigation
in Shandong, China
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Several simple and efficient
methods of nutrigation
in Shandong, China
Several simple and efficient methods of
nutrigation in Shandong, China
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Several simple and efficient methods of
nutrigation in Shandong, China
Nutrigation in a furrow irrigation system
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Nutrigation in a furrow irrigation system
* Allows application by controlled
nutrient concentration,
* Large area can be nutrigated.
Fertilizer pumps
InjectionInjection ororsuctionsuction by negative pressureby negative pressure(electricity, irrigation water pressure, combustion engine)(electricity, irrigation water pressure, combustion engine)
Use of liquid fertilizersUse of liquid fertilizers
(or pre(or pre--prepared from solid soluble fertilizers).prepared from solid soluble fertilizers).
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A by-pass fertilizer tank
VENTURIVENTURI(by(by--pass)pass)
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N P2O5 K2O300 60 600
Nutrients
Growth stage requirement
N P2O5 K2Og/m3 (ppm )
Veget. growth 50 10 100
-flowering
Recommended fertilizers
multi-K MAP AN
g/m3 (ppm )
220 17 60
ProportionalProportional . . .
50 m3
/day/ha x 120 ir r ig. daysx 0.220 = 1320 kg multi-K/ ha
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Potassium nitrate
Enriched potassiumnitrate
Mono-ammonium
phosphate
Mono-potassium
phosphate
Urea
Ammonium Nitrate
Potassium Sulfate
Phosphoric Acid
Nitric Acid
Magnesium Sulfate
No fertilizers
containing calcium
Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrate
enriched with Mg
Magnesium nitrate
Urea
Calcium Nitrate
Ammonium Nitrate
No fertilizers
containing phosphates
or sulfates
Tank ATank A Tank BTank B
Chelates
Separate stock
solutions should
be prepared for
chelates and acid
solutions.
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Soilless grown crops
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Foliar NutritionFoliar Nutrition
in ASIAin ASIA
Advantages of Foliar Nutrition
! When nutrients are fixed in the soil
! To overcome limited root activity (due to
low temp., flooding, nematodes, etc.)! For fast curing of deficiencies.
! Boosting of crop performances at specific
physiological stages (flower- induction,
fruit setting, tillering, etc.).
! Compatibility with Pesticides enables tank-mixing, thereby saving labor.
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Example: nutritional requirement:
100 kg K2O / ha = 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) /ha
Example: nutritional requirement:
100 kg K2O / ha = 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit)/ha
Soil: 1 application x 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) /ha
or:
2 applications x 109 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) kg/ha
Soil: 1 application x 218 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit)/ha
or:
2 applications x 109 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) kg/ha
Foliar:
1 spray at 1% in 500 L/ha supplies 5 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit) / ha
In order to supply 218 kg/ha = one needs to apply 43 times
Foliar:
1 spray at 1% in 500 L/ha supplies 5 kg Multi-K (Pot-Nit)/ ha
In order to supply 218 kg/ha = one needs to apply 43 times
Should I spray or soil apply?Should I spray orsoil apply?
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MultiMulti--npKnpK 1212 -- 22 -- 4444
All the benefits of Multi-K
Addition of phosphorous
Adjustable pH 5.5 - 6.5
Sticker for better efficacy
Ground application on cotton
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8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Y i e
l d -
K g
/ 3 0
m2
Results of a field trial conducted in the
Cotton Research Institute
, Turkey (1999)Antalya
* Multi K applied by 3 applications at 2% , 3% & 4%at spray volume of 400 L / ha
First harvest Second harvest
Un-sprayed
multi K *
Higher Rates
When fewer applications
are used, higher rates of
4 - 6 % Multi-K or
Bonus-npK can be applied
Higher Rates
When fewer applications
are used, higher rates of
4 - 6 % Multi-K or
Bonus-npK can be applied
FOLIAR
NUTRITION
recommendations
for most crops
FOLIAR
NUTRITION
recommendations
for most crops
Standard rate
3 - 5 % Multi-K or Bonus-npKin at least of 400 liters of
spray solution per hectare
Standard rate
3 - 5 % Multi-K orBonus-npK
in at least of 400 liters of
spray solution per hectare
Start spraying after the
first bloom.
Additional 3 to 8
sprays, once a week or
as per insecticide spray
scheduled.
Start spraying after the
first bloom.
Additional 3 to 8
sprays, once a week or
as per insecticide spray
scheduled.
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1 - Rice plant consumes
large quantity of POTASSIUM
2 The amount of available
potassium in the soil is very limited
3 The main uptake of potassium by
plants occurs within a short
period of growth stage
Only 1 to 2% of soil K is readily
available to plants
0 30 60 90 120
100
75
50
25To
tal
N P2O5 K2O
200 34 204
Rice & Potassium-nitrate a case study
Days after planting
0 30 60 90 120
Boot
StageTillering
Flower
Exertion Maturity100
75
50
25
Growth&NutrientUptake
(%ofTotal)
K Uptake
total
leav
es
culm
s
grain
Rice & Potassium-nitrate a case study
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3 Add Multi-Rice and fill up water
Preparing the Multi-Rice spray solution
1- Fill the spray tank up to - with water
2 When pesticides are used, add the recommended rate
1 Tillering
2 Before flowering
3 After flowering
multi-Ric
e multi-Rice
m
ult
i-Ric
e
Spraying is timed by
growth stages:
Rice & Potassium-nitrate a case study
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Field Trials with Multi-Rice, all over the world
INDIAVIET NAM
THAILAND PHILIPPINES
The effect of three foliar applications with Multi -Rice (13-3-43)
in two cultivars, on yield and net profit
(Chatpracha Sonkl ien, Nakornpatom - Thai land, 1998
DAS = Days After Sowing. Concentration ofmulti -Rice solution:
2%, 3% & 3%, respectively
** Calculation based on yield value = 171 US$/T
*** Spray volume of 375 liter / ha
multi -Rice Yield Increase / ha Net
(13-3-43) T/ha Cost Return
Treatments*** kg % US $/ha** (US$/ha) US$/ha
Control 6.63 -- -- -- -
30, 60 & 75 DAS* 8.35 1720 25.9 294 31.50 262.50
Cultivar: Photong(100 days)
Control 7.03 -- -- -- --
30, 60 & 75 DAS* 8.20 1170 16.6 200 31.50 168.50
Cultivar: Suphan 1(120 days)
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* YIELD - increases number of grains per panicle
* LOGGING - induces stem strength and reduces lodging
susceptibility
* TILLERING - favors and increases the size and the weight
of the grains
* BETTER UPTAKE - increases other nutrient responses,
particularly to N and P
* TOLERANCE TO CLIMATE - controls stomata function to
unfavorable climate
* RESISTANCE TO DISEASES - renders resistance to blast,
leaf spot and stem rot
* YIELD - increases number of grains per panicle
* LOGGING - induces stem strength and reduces lodging
susceptibility* TILLERING - favors and increases the size and the weight
of the grains
* BETTER UPTAKE - increases other nutrient responses,
particularly to N and P
* TOLERANCE TO CLIMATE - controls stomata function to
unfavorable climate
* RESISTANCE TO DISEASES - renders resistance to blast,
leaf spot and stem rot
Multi -Rice (13-2-44+) : Ideal Foliar Feeding for RiceMulti -Rice (13-2-44+) : Ideal Foliar Feeding for Rice
Pineapple & Potassium-nitrate a case study
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The root system ofpineappleis
shallow and limited
N and K must be split into several applications
Nutrient uptake
Kg ha -1 g plant -1
675 15
450 10
225 5
61 122 182 243 304 365 425 Harvest
Days from planting
Dry matter production
g plant -1 t ha -1
750 33.75
500 22.50
250 11.25
K
N
DM
Ca
PMg
Dry matter formation and nutr ient uptake of pineapple*
* - Lacoeuilhe, 1978
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FOLIAR FEEDING
Monthly ApplicationsFertilization Practice:
Rate: 4000 L spray tank 170 kg Urea + 270 kg Multi-K
+ 100 kg MgSO4
Spray tank - 4000 liters, covers 1.7 - 3.4 hectares.
Fertilizers: kg / ha - 50 - 100 Urea + 80 - 160 Multi -K
+ 30 - 60 MgSO4
Nutr ients: kg N / ha kg K2O / ha
Urea 23 - 46 - - -
Multi -K 10 - 20 36 - 73
TOTAL 33 - 66 36 - 73
Concentration: 6 - 7 % Multi -K + 4 -5 % Urea
Foliar Application ofBonus-npK
(13-2-44) in Citrus :
Citrus & Potassium-nitrate a case study
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CITRUSCITRUS
K DEFICIENCY symptoms in leaves
CITRUSCITRUS
CREASINGCREASING
SPLITTINGSPLITTING
K DEFICIENCY symptoms in the fruit
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55.9
71.3
26.6
51.7
20
30
40
50
60
70
Yield (kg/tree) Diam.>62mm (%)
The Effect ofBonus-npK (13-2-44) on Yield
and Fruit Size ofNovaTangerine
Control
Multi -K
Raber et al. 1997.
62.2
19.6
42.6
27.6
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Nova Tangerine Valencia Orange
The Effect of Multi-K on
Rind Disorders of Citrus Fruits
Control
Multi-K
SPLITTING
CREASING
Lavon et al., 1992, and Bar-Akiva,1975.
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The Contribution of Bonus-npK to
Size Distribution of the Fruit
0% 0%2%
11%
23%
27%
12%
4%
0%0% 0% 0%
3%5%
35%
16%
1% 0%
20%
41%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
Mean fruit diameter (mm)
Fruitsizeshareintreatment
Control- 0 application
Grower's practice
Bonus-npK
Multi-K 3 X 5%
in Israel),Jaffa.cv(Oranges
Nutrition 18 - 24 All year
Increase Fruit Size Auxin 1 - 2 2 - 3 months
after fruit set
Reduce Fruit Drop 2 - 4 After Fruit Set
Reduce Splitting Auxin 3 - 4 After Fruit Set
Reduce Creasing Auxin 3 - 4 After Fruit Set
Suppression of Insects 2% Spray Oil 1 - 2 All year( Ceroplastes floridensis comstock)
SUMMARY OF FOLI AR SPRAYPROGRAMS with
Multi-K
Spray concentration - 4% - 6%
Spray volume - 100 - 400 Liter/ha
Application rate - 4 kg/ha - 16 kg/ha
Auxin - 18 - 20 ppm 2,4-D, (200 - 300 ppm, NAA 10 ppm TPA)
Treatment Additive No. of Application
Applic. Time
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Bonus-npK (13-2-44)
"Residue on
citrus leaf
"8% foliar
application 6
months after
being sprayed
Bonus-npK (13-2-44)
! Leaf surface magnified
12 times
! Crystals visible
! Stomata
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MultiMultinpKnpK foliar applicationfoliar application -- MangoMango
Mango & Potassium-nitrate a case study
Response of Manila Mango to
Flower Induction Treatments
Treatment
Control (unsprayed)
Ethrel, 1000 ppm
Multi npK 2 %
Multi npK 8 %
Days After Spraying
17 38 54
% Flowering
0 0 1
0 0 9
2 27 38
26 69 77
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Flowering Response of Mango Shoots
to Four Nitrate Salts
I I I I l l
15 30 45 60 75FLOWERING ( % )
UntreatedUntreated
Calcium NitrateCalcium Nitrate
Ammonium NitrateAmmonium Nitrate
Sodium NitrateSodium Nitrate
MultiMultiKK
Foliar Applications ofFoliar Applications ofMultiMulti--npKnpK in Mango Treesin Mango Trees
Flowering InductionFirst Spray: When leaves are Mature - Dormant StageSecond Spray: 10 - 14 Days after first spray, whenever noresponse to first spray.
Fruit Retention and Yield IncreaseFirst Spray: When panicles in shoot 3 - 15 cm.Second Spray: When 50% to 100% of panicles in anthesis stage.
Foliar FeedingFirst Spray: 42 Days after flower induction.
Second Spray: 65 Days after Flower induction.
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Thank you for
your kind
attention
Dr. O. Achilea, S. Raban, J. Montagand Dr. E. Barak
Haifa Chemicals, Israel