2-4 The Race for Empires

Pgs 52-57

What was the Protestant Reformation?

EVENTS IN EUROPE

Protestant Reformation• 1517 (Germany) Martin Luther

– Publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church• Church too wealthy and abused its power

– Religious movement began in small German towns but quickly spread to most of Europe• Create political disputes

– Protestants – reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church’s practices • Religion should be simple

– Printing press spread Reformations ideas• Bible’s, essays• Allowed independent study

– Conflict between Catholics and Protestants• Civil war

–1500s French Catholics vs. French Huguenots (protestant) = Huguenots emigrated to Americas»Religious freedom

– 1534 Church of England created by Henry the VIII• Challenged Popes authority

What happened in the war between Spain and England during the

1500s?

Spain and England Go to War• 1500s King Philip II of Spain led Catholic

Reformation in response to the Protestant Reformation–Goal: Drive the Protestants out of

England• Sea Dogs = English sailors led by Sir

Francis Drake• Spanish Armada – huge fleet of

warships meant to end English plans

–Invade England Overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church

–1588 Smaller English fleet defeated the Armada »Shocked Spain»Spain’s economy is in trouble»Ends Spain’s dominance of the

sea

Who searched for the Northwest Passage? Were they successful?

Search for a Northwest Passage• Northwest Passage – water route through

NA that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific–John Cabot – Sailed for England (1497-

1498)• Basis for the English American

colonies–Giovanni da Verrazano – 1524 (Italy)

• Coasts of North Carolina to Maine

–Jacques Cartier (France)• St. Lawrence River• Land claimed for France

–Henry Hudson (England) 1609• Found NY• 1st trip he sailed for the Dutch and the

2nd for the English• Hudson Bay

What was the earliest English Settlement? Was it successful?

Why?

EUROPEAN PRESENCE• Spain and Portugal dominated Americas

early• England, France, and Dutch explored NA

• English Presence in the New World–1500s set up permanent settlements–Sir Walter Raleigh

• Charter – document that gives permission to start a colony–1584 expedition landed in present

day Virginia and North Carolina

–Roanoke Island founded in NC in 1585»Hard life – fought with Native

Americans, trouble finding and growing food

»1 year later returned to England»John White resettled in 1587,

returned to England for supplies but war with Spain prevented him from returning for 3 years. When he did colony was deserted

»“lost colony”

What were the earliest French Settlements?

• French Presence in the New World–1st NA settlement was Florida (1564)

• Destroyed by Spanish–Settled Present Day Canada

• Samuel de Chaplain–Followed Cartier–1608 colony on the St. Lawrence

River in Quebec for fur trade

–1600s New France• Fur traders, explorers, missionaries• Mississippi River – Louis Jolliet and

Jacques Marquette (1673)–Mississippi Valley claimed for

France called Louisiana–1700s New Outposts

• Detroit, St. Louis, New Orleans• 12000 settlers• Allied with Native Americans because

of Fur Trades

What were the earliest Dutch settlements like?

• Dutch Presence in the New World–Dutch were searching for trade–Claimed the land between the Delaware

River and the Hudson River = New Netherlands

–1624Dutch West India Company• Bought Manhattan Island for $24

–New Amsterdam• Religious freedom

–New Sweden in the same area along the Delaware River – later became part of New Netherlands