Post on 31-Mar-2015
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
Electrical arc short circuits in metal clad switchgear may occur for many different reasons.
defective or ageing insulating materials
poor bus or cable connections
poor maintenance
human error
ingress of moisture, dust or vermin
abnormal service conditions
Arc FaultEffects and Consequences
ENERGY RELEASED BY ARC FAULTENERGY RELEASED BY ARC FAULT
PRESSURE
RISE
TEMPERATURE
RISE
VISUAL & ACCOUSTIC PHENOMENA
EFFECTS OF FAULT ARC
CONSEQUENCES FOR PLANT
MECHANICAL STRESSING OF ENCLOSURES
THERMAL STRESSING, MELTING, FIRE
VAPOURISATION
CONSEQUENCES FOR PERSONNEL
SHOCK WAVE, FLYING DEBRIS,
OPENING PANELS
U/V BURNS & EJECTION OF
FLAMES & HOT GASES & SMOKE
Switchgear FailureEffects and Consequences
Switchgear Internal FaultExample
FAULT TIME
PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER
2 secs
OC-relay
110/22 kV
30 MVA
Switchgear Internal FaultExample
FAULT TIME
PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER
0.07 secs
Arc protection
110/22 kV
30 MVA
Variable Speed DriveFault Example
PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER
Earth leakage
22 kV / 690V
Water CorporationWestern Australia
At approximately 0800 hrs on 25/2/07 No.2 VSD failed at Tamworth Pumping Station WA. The PSN electrician was called out to the fault later that same morning and found the main switch
compartment of the drive badly damaged.
The extent of damage is quite severe and was contained to the main switch compartment of the
variable speed drive.
The majority of damage appears to have been originated from the VSD main switch, then
spreading upon explosion to the upper and rear of the drive and also externally through the
ventilation ducts.
Variable Speed DriveFault Example
The earth leakage protection on the #2 VSD 22kV / 690V feeder tripped.
The O/C protection also detected a phase fault condition.
#2 22kV / 690V Transformer circuit breaker was found to be in the OFF position.
Judging by the extent of the damage the protection clearly did not respond quickly
enough.
Variable Speed DriveFault Example
Variable Speed DriveFault Example
OPERATOR HAZARD IN ADJACENT CORRIDOR
Variable Speed DriveFault Example
1S20 ARC FAULT PROTECTION INSTALLED AFTER EARLIER FAULT
Variable Speed DriveFault Example
SUBSEQUENT FAULT
As a result of this incident, RMS 1S20 Arc Fault Monitors and 1S30 Arc Flash Sensors
were installed.
Subsequently several months later another incident occurred, this time due to the failure
of the IGBT board.
As a consequence, the arc sensors were triggered by tripping the 22kV circuit breaker
and as can be seen by the photos the damage was insignificant.
1S30 ARC SENSOR
ARC FAULT
Variable Speed DriveFault Example
SUBSEQUENT FAULT
ARC FAULT
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
For moderate arc fault currents the trip
time of the over-current stage will be too slow:
For very low arc fault currents the
instantaneous trip stage of a standard
over-current relay cannot be set low
enough.
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
The degree of damage caused by arcing
depends principally on the duration of the arc.
~100ms Arc Fault Duration
The switchgear needs to be checked & the
insulation resistance measured before power
can be re-established.
~200ms Arc Fault Duration
The power supply will be interrupted; the
switchgear must be checked; power is re-
established only after minor repairs.
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
~100ms Arc Fault Duration
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
The degree of damage caused by arcing
depends principally on the duration of the arc.
~500ms Arc Fault Duration
The supply is interrupted, metal parts of the
switchgear are destroyed & poisonous gases
are emitted.
~1s Arc Fault Duration
Destroys most of the switchgear & may cause a
fire, injury to personnel & damage to property.
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
~500ms Arc Fault Duration
1S25Arc Fault Monitor
Arguably the greatest risk of arc fault damage
exists at the CB cable termination & in the CB
chamber itself due to the slow clearance times
of the IDMT feeder protection.
The problem of arc faults is most prevalent in
older metal clad switchgear, which already has
operational protection systems.
The CB cable termination is particularly at risk to
ingress of moisture & rodent damage.
Low Voltage Protection
Trip on arc fault <10ms
1S 25
HEALTH Y
Z ONE 2
Z ONE 3
Z ONE 4
Z ONE 1
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
RESET/T EST
CO MMO N TRIP
ALARMO UTPUTS
System Integration
With current check using high speed starter element
A R C FA U LT TR IP IN IT IATE
CB ARC FAULT
M O NITORSENSOR
OVER-CURRENT RELAY3 P o le O C + E F
H E A LT H Y
Z O N E 2
Z O N E 3
Z O N E 4
Z O N E 1
C u s to m te x t
C u s to m te x t
C u s to m te x t
C u s to m te x t
F A IL
F A IL
F A IL
F A IL
T R IP
T R IP
T R IP
T R IP
R E S E T/T E S T
Single Line DiagramCable box only
Trip only if over current starter picked up
ZONE 1ARC PROTECTION
COMMONALARM
OUTPUT
1S2550/51
Single Line Diagram
Cable box and CT chamber
ZONE 1ARC PROTECTION
CO MMO NALARM
O UTPUT
1S 2550/51
HEALTH Y
Z ONE 2
Z ONE 3
Z ONE 4
Z ONE 1
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
RESET/T EST
Single Line Diagram
Protect multiple breakers with a single 1S25
ZONE 1ARC PROTEC TIO N
COMMO NALARM
O UTPUT
1S 2550/51
HEALTH Y
Z ONE 2
Z ONE 3
Z ONE 4
Z ONE 1
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
RESET/T EST
TRIP
Single Line Diagram
Cable box, CT and CB chamber
ZONE 1ARC PROTECTION
CO MMO NALARM
O UTPUT
1S 2550/51
HEALTH Y
Z ONE 2
Z ONE 3
Z ONE 4
Z ONE 1
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
RESET/T EST
ZONE 2 TR IPUP STREAM
BREAKERZONE 2
ARC PROTECTION
ZONE 1 TR IP
Single Line Diagram
Cable box, CB and BUS chamber
ZONE 1
ZONE 2ARC PROTECTION
ZONE 3ARC PROTECTION
ZONE 2, 3 & 4 TRIPUP STREAM BR EAKER
ZONE 4ARC PROTECTION
CO MMO N ALARM O UTPUT
1S 25
HEALTH Y
Z ONE 2
Z ONE 3
Z ONE 4
Z ONE 1
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
T RIP
RESET/T EST
50/51
Single Line Diagram
BUS chamber
ZONE 1 & 3TRIP CO MMO N
ALARMO UTPUT
50/51 1S 25
HEALTH Y
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
ZONE 1
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
Cus tom te xt
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
FAIL
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
RESET/TEST
ZONE 2 & 3TRIP
50/51ZONE 1
TRIP
ZONE 3TRIP
ZONE 2TRIP
ZONE 3TRIP
ZONE 1 ZONE 3 ZONE 2
ZONE 1TRIP
ZONE 2TRIP
1S30 Optical Sensors
1S30Arc Sensor
Mounted in each segregated switchgear chamber
Sensitivity linear in forward direction through 180º
Detects reflected arc light - mounting position not critical
Burden 2.5mA (quiescent)
Optional rear facing sensor
1S30Arc Sensor Installation
Mounting position of the Sensor is not critical.
High sensitivity in direction of ‘View’
1S25 System Testing
Use camera flash to check operation of arc sensor and pick up of 1S25 trip contact.
Typical operating range of flash to arc sensor is 50 to 300mm
1S25 System Testing
CRO trace showing nominal operation time of the trip contacts. First contact touch at 6.25ms and fully closed by 7.25ms.
1S30Arc Sensor Installation
1S30 shown mounted on the outside of a switchgear panelDetector oriented to ‘look’ through a hole into the switchgear
S w itchgearpanel
2 x M 4self th read ing
m oun ting sc rew s(S upp lied )
S ea led cab les tress re lie f
O p tica l detec torp ro trud ing th rough
ho le in pane l
1S30Arc Sensor Installation
1S30 shown mounted on the inside of a switchgear panelDetector oriented to ‘look’ out into the switchgear compartment
2 x M 4self th reading
m ounting screw s(S upp lied )
O p tica l de tec to rfac ing aw ayfrom panel
1S30Arc Sensor Installation
The dual optical detector version can be panel mountedto monitor two adjacent switchgear compartments simultaneously.
In terna l pa rtitionbe tw een sw itchgea r
com partm en ts
O p tica l de tec to rp ro trud ing th rough
com partm en t d iv ide rin to ad jacent
sw itchgea r cham ber
O p tica l de tec to rw indow fac ing aw ayfrom com partm en t
d iv ide r
1S30Arc Sensor Installation
Right angle mounting off a surfaceMount off floor or walls within switchgear / BUS bar chamber
R igh t ang lem ountingb racke t
O p tica l de tec to rw indow fac ing aw ay
from right anglem ounting b racke t
S ing leop tica l de tec to r
D ua lop tica l de tec to r
1S30Arc Sensor Installation
Flush mount reinforcing plate1.2mm zinc plated mild steel
2 x M 4self th read ing
m ounting screw s(S upp lied )
F lush m oun tre inforc ing
p la te
1S30Arc Sensor Installation
SENSOR LOCATIONS
Cable Box Arc Fault
13.1kA (50mS)
Fault created in Cable Box by connecting three bushing connectors with fuse wire.
Sensor fitted to side of box.
Cover after testCover as new
Cable Box Arc Fault
Lower portion of Coverstrengthened
Cable Box Arc Fault
Sensor location
CB Chamber Arc Fault
CB chamber fault at 13.1kA (50mS)
Fault initiated by connecting 3 phases of circuit side of CB with fuse wire
- typical of test leads used during maintenance.
One ARC sensor fitted.
CB Chamber Arc Fault
General views after test
1S25Does it Work
WILL IT OPERATE UNDER DYNAMIC CONDITIONS? --- YES
HOW FAST DOES IT REMOVE AN INTERNAL FAULT? --- 50-75ms
IS IT EFFECTIVE IN ALL SWITCHGEAR CHAMBERS? --- YES
HOW MUCH DAMAGE IS CAUSED TO THE SWITCHGEAR? --- Minimal
DOES IT IMPROVE SAFETY? --- YES, Significantly
1S30Arc Sensor
measured current( increase 1*In ==> 10*In)
arc detection
overcurrent detection
trip output contact
Up to 8 arc sensors in 4 independent zones
5 high speed tripping duty arc sense output contacts
<10ms arc fault tripping time
Self supervision with fail alarm contact
Push button reset & self test
1S30 Arc sensor continuous supervision
Compact, economic design
Simple panel mounting for retrofit applications
1S25 Summary
Front Panel Indication
HE ALT HY
ZO NE 2
ZO NE 3
ZO NE 4
ZO NE 1
Custom text 1
Custom text 2
Custom text 3
Custom text 4
S ENS OR FA IL
S ENS OR FA IL
S ENS OR FA IL
S ENS OR FA IL
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
RE SE T/TE S T
Mounting
Front v iew15
2 ho les o f 3 .7
Ind icativepos ition
S ide v iew
S ize 2M 28-Sdraw out case
D raw ing un its : m m
Term ina l layout P ane l cut out
S uits flush pane l m ounting &4U h igh 19 inch rack fram e
14
1 2
27 28
1S25Configuration Settings
Switch ON OFF
C1 Latching trip contacts Self reset trip contacts
C2 Segregated trip outputs Common trip outputs
C3 Apply volts to BLOCK Remove volts to BLOCK
C4 DC only status inputs AC/DC status inputs
O NO NO NO N
O FFO FFO FFO FF
S w itch 1S w itch 2S w itch 3S w itch 4
B A N K
A
Bank A & B configuration switches are used to set the number of 1S30 arc sensors connected.
1S25Wiring Termination
1
3V x P ow er sup p ly ,C PU & se nso r
fa il a larm
R em o te re set
A rc fau lt BL O C K in pu t
Configuration sw itches(Primary PCB)
Z one 1A rc s ens or inp ut
1S 30A rc F au lt Se nso rs
Z one 2A rc s ens or inp ut
Z one 3A rc s ens or inp ut
Z one 4A rc s ens or inp ut
2
Z one 1 T rip
Z one 2 T rip
Z one 3 T rip
Z one 4 T rip
C om m o n Trip
Switch 1Switch 2Switch 3Switch 4
B AN K
AB AN K
BB AN K
C
27
25
23F ail
H ea lthy
A la rm c om m o n
S igna l p rocess ingand log icfunc tions
O N O N O N
A rc s ens or fa u lt s igna l
1S25 Ordering Code
ORDER CODE The order code determines the production build in the factory & cannot be changed in the field.
Generate the required order code as follows: e.g. 1S25 BA
Order
Code General Type 1 2
1S25 -
1 AUXILIARY SUPPLY RANGE
A 20 - 70V DC B 40 - 300V DC & 40 – 275V AC
2 CUSTOM ENGRAVED TEXT
A Not required No engraving - factory default B Required Complete the custom text details at left
1S30 Ordering Code
Generate the required ordering code as follows: e.g. 1S30 A
1 DETECTORS
A Single through hole panel detector B Dual detectors
2 SPECIFY OPTIONS (Only if required)
F Flush mount reinforcing plate required L 20m shielded cable required
1 2
1S30
1S25Additional Information
Technical Bulletin User Guide Price & Availability
www.rmspl.com.au/1s25.htm
Test Manuals
www.rmspl.com.au/search.asp
Other Products
www.rmspl.com.au/products.htm