The Sixties

or…

THE 60’S

Consumer Culture

Ad Fads 1950s 60s

Scientific Flowery○ Dry/ clear cut/ conformity be yourself

Product push above the system Individuality

Hip/ unconformity Detachment

Esp. TV Ideal world

TV 1950s1960s

Created popular media○ 95% (15% color)○ Politics

JFK news conference 1961Presidential debates

○ Daytime programs1st lunar landing 1969

○ Talk showsBlack/white Color

○ Tensions CBS and RCAControversy

○ Censorship○ Ministers oppose

Credit Cards

1950sNot common

1960sFrank X. McNamaraVery popular

○ 20,000 growing○ Condensed

Controversial○ “Devils’ playthings”

Delayed consequencesoverspending

Fashion Skirts/Dresses

Form fitting○ Suit stile coat w/button accents

Knee highSmall waist

HairBob cut

ShoesRounder

○ Offset pencil skirts

Men Fashion

DivertedSuit and Tie Turtle necks

○ Sweaters, Blazers, VestsNylon, rayon, and blends Colored patterns

Nehru (Indian inspired)Beatles, The Monkeys, Dr. Devil

Form fitting Buttons

Advances In Technology

Everyday Technology Televisions

More widely used and bought by many through out America○ 87% of households have TV, up from 9% in 1950○ Used for advertising different products from companies and broadcasting

important events to the American public

Astroturf Co-invented by James M. Faria and Robert T. Wright Used as artificial turf Originally sold under the name "Chemgrass"

Ansafone Used as an Automatic Telephone Answering Machine Invented by Kazuo Hashimoto

Automatic teller machine First ATM invented by Don Wetzel from Texas

○ Chemical Bank Ad’s slogan: "On Sept. 2, our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again!"

Revolutionized the way Americans dealt money and turned global commerce into a 24/7 affair

Electronics Start of the Calculator Revolution

• Complicated motor-assisted mechanical adding machines.

• Used complex gear systems• It could perform Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,

Division and one model could even calculated Square Root

The First Computer• Various computers and companies were invented and

founded○ Hewlett-Packard, Sharp, IBM, Nokia, Sony, AMD,

Intel, etc.First Computer Mouse invented

IBM and Seven Dwarfs IBM

• 1965 ○ Held 65.3% of computer Industry○ Burroughs, Sperry Rand (formerly Remington

Rand), Control Data, Honeywell, GE, RCA, and NCR.• NOT partners

○ $10 bill world wide inventory• Dwarfs produced 30%

• GE “King of the Dwarfs”○ 3.7% share in 1965

• $24 bill inventory by 1969

Medic!! Heart Pacemaker

• Developed by Medtronic• Used on patients who have irregular heartbeats• Developed isotope powered pacemakers

Soft contact lenses• More comfortable and tolerable• Made of hydrogel and allows oxygen to flow freely

through eye

Many vaccines produced• Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Polio, etc.

Science The Laser

• Invented by Theodore Maiman • uses a synthetic ruby to build first true laser• Mainly used in optical drives in computers and fiber-optic

communication

TIROS-1 • The first weather satellite to successfully be launched into

space• First of a series of Television Infrared Observation Satellites

○ Took pictures and video while it drifted in space• Was 19 inches (0.48 m) tall and 42 inches (1.1 m) in diameter.

Echo 1• Used to redirect transcontinental and intercontinental

telephone, radio, and television signals between ground based receivers.

Space Exploration Mariner II

• The first interplanetary probe to reach Venus • Became the first spacecraft to return useful scientific

information successfully from another planet

Telstar• The first satellite to broadcast television signals

Space Race• Race between the soviets and the Americans to prove

who’s technology was more advanced by getting a man onto the moon

Other Technological Advances

Aluminum Cans used for the first time Legos Platform shoes come into fashion The Pill

• Enovid 10- the first birth control pill • Went on sale for 50 cents a day.

Silicone Breast Implants Used for the first time in  Houston, Texas

The Slinky “Instant Insanity”

• Precursor to the Rubix Cube 8-Track

Entertainment

Theatre and Film Broadway

Expensive but popular Musicals Edward Albee: Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf

Movies Musicals hit the big screen

○ My Fair Lady (1964) ○ Sound of Music (1965)

Disney for children Science Fiction

○ 2001: A Space Odyssey (1967) Stanley Kubrik James Bond and The Graduate

○ MPAA rating changed○ Sex in film: more explicit and not as taboo○ Portrayal of women

Political Cinema○ Dr. Strangelove

Television/Radio TV

The Flintstones, Andy Griffith, Ed Sullivan Show, Star Trek, The Twilight Zone

Used for advertisementNews and current events

Radio Main form of music accessAM to FM shift

Sports Two Olympic games held

Summer games (1960)Muhammad Ali: boxing

○ Became a national icon○ “The most recognizable face”

Wilma Rudolph: track and field○ Racial tensions

NBA popular Baseball

Jackie Robinson○ First African American in the

Major League (1962)

Golf became a favoriteLeisure “sport”

Literature Commented on social issues of

the decadeHarper Lee’s To Kill a

Mockingbird (1960)Feminine Mystique by Betty

Friedan Silent Spring Rachel Carson

Environmental movementPesticides/“Silent Spring” (no song birds)

Where the Wild Things Are (1963)ControversialOff-beat story suggested drug use

Music Elvis

- Post-war career

- Last performance 1961

End of “Rock n’ Roll”A new age: Rock

British Invasion: February 9, 1964

The British Invasion The Beatles

- Ed Sullivan Show 2/09/64 Beatles- Beatlemania- First #1 hit in America- Were considered comforting

The Buzz Merseybeat Bands

- The Rolling Stones- The Who- The Animals

1967-1969 Led Zeppelin Cream

Immediate Influence- Electric music- Original material- Disobedient/reckless image

American Music Surf Music

- The Beach Boys Motown

- The Temptations- The Supremes

Folk Pete Seeger Peter, Paul, and Mary Simon and Garfunkel Sound of Silence (1966)

Bob Dylan Protest Songs Questions the government Calls for change

British Influence continues to thrive

A Culmination of the Times Drugs, sex, and rock n’ roll

The hippie movement American youth Public disobedience A soundtrack for the peace and anti-war movements Forever linked drugs with rock/music

Woodstock Summed up the 60’s Huge names present

○ The Who○ Jimi Hendrix

Beatlemania More than a band The legacy of Lennon/McCartney Acknowledged as the greatest songwriting duo ever

The Hippies

Foundations Result of a German youth movement, der

Wandervogel (migratory bird)Countercultural reaction to the social and cultural

clubs Inspired by the works of for example Goethe or

Hermann HesseAttracted thousand of young Germans, who began to

live the back-to nature spiritual liveThis movement expanded to other countries like the

United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Mexico and Brazil

Began in the United States during the mid 1960sSexual revolution, cannabis, LSD, Marijuana,

amphetaminesWoodstock festival: major hippy eventFashion & values major effect on culture, music,

television, film, literature, and arts

The Youth Movement

Trends Jeans Long hair, even men Sandals Barefoot Men often had beards Often brightly colored

clothing bell-bottom pants Vests Tie-dyed Dashikis Peasant blouses

Long, full skirts Accessories: Native American

jewelry, head scarves, headbands, long beaded necklaces

Most of their cloths were self-made or they got it from flea markets & second-hand shops

The Hippie’s values

Peace love and community Wanted to free themselves from societal

restrictions, chose their own way.

Civil Rights

Jim Crow laws

Enacted between 1876 and 1965 System of laws and customs that enforced

racial segregation and discrimination throughout the United states

Examples: segregation of public schools, public transportation, restrooms, restaurants and also the U.S. military for whites & blacks

Blacks almost isolated from whites

Black Panther Party

To promote Black Power and self-defense Active in the United states from the mid-1960s

into the 1970s One of the most significant social, political and

cultural movements in the U.S.

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks

*February 4, 1913 (in Tuskegee, Alabama)- †October 24, 2005 (in Detroit, Michigan)

African American civil rights activist Completed a course in ”Race Relations” in

Tennessee most famous action – Rosa refuses to make

space for a white person on the bus (Montgomery Bus Boycott)

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Whites in the front rows & blacks in the back

Another black person would enter the bus, he was required to stand

Another white person would enter the bus, a person in the black row would have to get up and stand

Martin Luther King *January 15, 1929 (in Atlanta, Georgia)- † April 4, 1968(in

Memphis, Tennessee) Important person in the African-American civil rights movement 1964 King became youngest person to receive a Nobel Peace

Price After visiting Germany his father changed the name to Martin

Luther King Involved in the March on Washington

“I have a dream”○ August 28, 1963○ Washington D.C., in front of the Lincoln Memorial during the march of Washington○ 250.000 people present○ Talks about the problems of segregation

April 4, 1968 King gets shot in front of his room (room 306, Lorraine Motel) in Memphis, Tennessee Assassination led to a nationwide wave of riots James Earl Ray confessed to the assassination

○ 99-year prison term

Women roles in the 1960s

General Situation in the 1960s In 1960s most of the minority groups fight for equal

rights Equal rights in

• Housing• Employment• Money• Right to vote

Women• Majority• Gender discrimination• World change, but no change for women – want to act

Life for women in the 1960s

Role• More important in public

• Opinion, influence

• Second-class citizens

• Fashion o expression of strength and character

Sex discrimination• Career Women rebellion and disruptive

• No equality in payment, insurance, laws and treatment

• President's Commission on the Status of Women

Try to equalize and avoid discrimination• Equal Pay Act of 1963

• Civil Rights Act of 1964

Education and Job opportunities

The women in the 1950sMothers, housewivesVolunteers (churches, schools, charities…etc.)Rarely doctors, lawyers, politicians…etc.

New educational opportunitiesFamous Universities

o Women friendly New Career opportunities

Economic growth – service sectorPolitics – White house; SenateMilitary – nurse; no combatScience and Research – Nobel Prize; tests for NASALiterature – poetry, short stories…etc.Entertainment – Musical, Music

Marriage and Family

Married womenRich – choice

o Managing homeNormal standard -

work and home balanceSignificance in public life - change

o 1950s more definedo Father helps out

Single motherhoodRare but prevalentHard organization

New advantages for women Birth control

• Approved 1960 by U.S. Food and Drug administration Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Old habits; Supreme Court Case

American Law Institute published a Model Penal Code 1962• Recommends legalization of abortion

• Two Cases First National Conference on Abortion Laws in Chicago

Women's Liberation Movement

OrganizationsNational Organization for Women (NOW)The Chicago Women's Liberation Groupo Use of Liberationo Many memberso Active in politics

Women Rights MovementProtests – Media AttentionNewsletter – “Voice of…” – Chicago

Start of a way to be equal –

or the Beginning of the Women Rights Movement

The Twist

The Twist Let's Twist Again